• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4908-4922
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• 2019

The popularization of smartphones in recent years has created a rich ground for online-to-offline (O2O) services based on location information. In the process of finding user locations in O2O services, BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) beacons are widely used because the beacons are economical in many ways. The current BLE method does not specify the direction of user movement, but adding that information could enrich the user experience for various O2O services. This paper proposes a method that identifies the user movement direction through data analysis on data sets generated by a pair of BLE beacons. Also we demonstrate its implementation with examples of services that need the direction information of users in order to show the feasibility of the method proposed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1457-1462
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• 2021

Untact order payment has become a new normal since the COVID-19. BLE beacon is a technology that supports low-power wireless communication within 70 meters without Bluetooth pairing and is specialized for indoor positioning. Therefore, it is suitable for building and providing O2O services beyond B2C and B2B services. However, beacons have a lower utilization rate because they have fewer platforms than wifi that support long-distance wireless communication. Therefore, this paper aims to provide more convenient non-face-to-face related services than before by designing and proposing an O2O service platform using BLE beacons. When scanning beacons, not only does it receive advertising data that beacons have, but it also ensures that the actual distance between the user's terminal and beacons is accurately calculated. Through accurate location, the O2O service platform will be able to provide users with store information, such as coupons and discounts, museum exhibits, and traffic information at the right time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.604-613
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• 2018

In this study, we analyzed the variations in the received signal strength index (RSSI) measured from Bluetooth beacons based on the strength and propagation direction of Bluetooth low energy (BLE) signal. Using a smartphone, we performed field experiments to investigate RSSI variations in the BLE signal transmitted by non-directional and directional beacons in an amethyst mine. In case of non-directional beacons, as the distance between the Bluetooth beacon and smartphone decreased, the RSSI increases, whereas as the BLE signal strength increased, the RSSI average gradually increased. The mean value of RSSI measured from the directional beacons was changed without relation to the facing angle between the Bluetooth beacon and smartphone. The results of this study can be used as basic data for developing a Bluetooth beacon-based proximity warning system for underground mines.

• Korea Information Processing Society Review
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.61-68
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• 2019

The goal of the construction work in the past was to improve the efficiency through cost reduction and shortening the construction period. However, the importance of safety management has recently been emphasized, and the Ministry of Employment and Labor has set a goal of reducing the number of deaths caused by industrial accidents by half. As a result, institutional and legal improvements are pursued and the need for safety is emphasized. However, most construction companies, except for some large construction companies, are lacking in safety management. So, In this paper, we design and implement a safety management system for construction site using smart helmets and beacons.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.67-73
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose an electronic attendance management system using the bluetooth function of the beacon and BLE advertising function of the smart phone. In the beacon-only bluetooth attendance confirmation system, it is needed more than one beacons according to the class room sizes. A BLE advertising function based attendance confirmation system can not provide the information about the location of the attendances. In the proposed system, we can identify the location of the instructor using the beacon of the class room, and confirm the attendances by checking the position of the attendances's smart phone. In this system, we can achieves the goals of electronic attendance management system using only one beacon per a class room.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.63-67
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• 2016

Recently, BLE beacons are widely used in indoor precision positioning systems because of their low battery consumption and low infrastructure cost. However, existing BLE beacon based indoor positioning algorithms are difficult to compensate for position errors due to the user's moving speed. Therefore, we proposed a position error correction algorithm that combines bounced cancellation and minimum distance maintenance algorithm with a positioning error correction method using direction vectors. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm guarantees superior positioning performance than the existing indoor positioning algorithm and also improves the performance of position error compensation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.467-468
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• 2021

In order to improve the performance of the indoor positioning system using BLE beacons, a receiver that measures the angle of arrival among the direction finding technologies supported by BLE5.1 was manufactured and analyzed by machine learning to measure the optimal position. For the creation and testing of machine learning models, k-nearest neighbor classification and regression, logistic regression, support vector machines, decision tree artificial neural networks, and deep neural networks were used to learn and test. As a result, when the test set 4 produced in the study was used, the accuracy was up to 99%.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.470-473
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• 2021

외부인들이 시설을 무단으로 이용하는 등의 범죄가 계속해서 발생하고 있다. 본 논문은 기존의 시설물에서 사용하고 있는 단순 인증 절차가 아닌 BLE 비콘과 영상데이터를 활용한 비승인자 감지 시스템이다. 이 시스템은 스마트폰 어플리케이션에서 BLE 비콘의 데이터를 받은 후 UUID 값과 RSSI 값을 서버로 전송한다. 이후 전송된 데이터들로 핑거프린팅 기반 RadioMap을 구성하고 RNN 기반 딥러닝 학습을 진행하여 사용자 위치 데이터를 도출한다. CCTV를 통해 수집된 영상데이터는 서버로 전송되며, YOLOv4를 이용하여 객체탐지를 위한 프로세스를 진행한 후 Person 클래스를 추출한다. 이후 승인된 사용자의 위치 데이터에 실시간 영상데이터를 더하여 인증 과정 절차가 진행되지 않은 비승인자들을 추적한다. 본 논문은 COVID-19로 인해 시설물 인증 절차에 사용이 증가하고 있는 QR코드를 이용해 인증 과정 절차의 진행 방식으로 시스템에 대한 확장성까지 기대할 수 있다.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2024

Smart City, a key application area of the AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things), provides various services in safety, security, and healthcare sectors through location tracking and location-based services. an IPS (Indoor Positioning System) is required to implement location-based services, and wireless communication technologies such as WiFi, UWB (Ultra-wideband), and BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) are being applied. BLE, which enables data transmission and reception with low power consumption, can be applied to various IoT devices such as sensors and beacons at a low cost, making it one of the most suitable wireless communication technologies for indoor positioning. BLE utilizes the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) to estimate the distance, but due to the influence of multipath fading, which causes variations in signal strength, it results in an error of several meters. In this paper, we conducted research on a path loss model that can be applied to BLE IPS for proximity services, and confirmed that optimizing the free space propagation loss coefficient can reduce the distance error between the Tx and Rx devices.