• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2011

실험물질은 두피건강 및 발모에 유용한 소재를 혼합하여 열수 추출한 후 유산균에 발효시킨 2차 발효물질로서 고기능성이 예상되는 물질이다. C57BL/6 마우스의 등을 제모하고 실험물질을 처리하였을 때 암 수 모두에서 양성대조군인 minoxidil과 비교하였을 때 동등이상의 우수한 발모효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 특히 수컷의 경우 200 mg/kg 이하의 농도에서 우수한 효과가 관찰되었고 암컷에서는 고용량인 500 mg/kg까지 현저한 발모효과가 관찰되어 성별 처치 용량에 차이가 있는 것으로 사료되었다. 또한 양성대조군 minoxidil이 신속한 발모효과를 보이는 반면 털의 긁기가 감소하는 현상이 관찰되었으나 실험물질을 처리한 군에서는 제모전과 동등이상의 굵기를 유지하였다. 이러한 발모효과를 확인하기위해 모발성장관련 유전자 발현을 분석한 결과 실험물질이 KGF, VEGF 등의 모발성장촉진인자의 발현을 증가시키는 반면 탈모를 유도하는 $TGF{\beta}1$의 발현에는 반응을 하지 않아 유용한 발모제제로서의 가능성이 입증되었다. 더불어 실험물질에 의한 NO 분비가 두피의 혈류개선을 유도하여 탈모억제효능을 나타낼 것으로 사료되어 발효생약추출물인 MBN이 모발성장 및 탈모예방제제로의 개발이 가능 할 것으로 기대된다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.522-527
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• 2002

The antimetastatic effect of BCG-CWS, which was emulsified in an oil-in-water form with either Drakeol 6VR mineral oil (BCG-CWS/DK) or squalane (BCG-CWS/SQA), on lung metastasis produced by highly metastatic murine tumor cells, Colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells and B16-BL6 melanoma cells, was investigated in syngeneic mice. An intravenous (i.v.) administration of BCG-CWS (100 mg/mouse) 1 day after tumor inoculation significantly inhibited tumor metastasis of both Colon26-M3.1 carcinoma and B16-BL6 melanoma cells in experimental lung metastasis models. No differences in the antitumor activity of the two oil-based formulations (BCG-CWS/DK and BCG-CWS/SQA) were obverved. However, BCG-CWS/SQA administered through subcutaneous (s.c.) route was shown to be effective only when it was consecutively injected (3 times) after tumor inoculation. An in vivo analysis for tumor-induced angiogenesis shwed that a single i.v. administration of BCG-CWS/SQA inhibited the number of tumor-induced blood vessels and suppressed tumor growth. Furthermore, the multiple administration of BCG-CWS/SQA given at on week intervals led to a significant reduction in spontaneous lung metastasis of B16-BL6 melanoma cells in a spontaneous metastasis model. These results suggest that BCG-CWS emulsified with squalane is a potent inhibitory agent of lung metastasis, and that the anti metastatic effect of BCG-CWS is related to the suppression of tumor growth and the inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2018

Animal models have been used to elucidate the pathophysiology of varying diseases and to provide insight into potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Although alternatives to animal testing have been proposed to help overcome potential drawbacks related to animal experiments and avoid ethical issues, their use remains vital for the testing of new drug candidates and to identify the most effective strategies for therapeutic intervention. Particularly, the study of metabolic diseases requires the use of animal models to monitor whole-body physiology. In line with this, the National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS) in Korea has established their own animal strains to help evaluate both efficacy and safety during new drug development. The objective of this study was to characterize the response of C57BL/6NKorl mice from the NIFDS compared with that of other mice originating from the USA and Japan in a chemical-induced diabetic condition. Multiple low-dose treatments with streptozotocin were used to generate a type-1 diabetic animal model which is closely linked to the known clinical pathology of this disease. There were no significantly different responses observed between the varying streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetic models tested in this study. When comparing control and diabetic mice, increases in liver weight and disturbances in serum amino acids levels of diabetic mice were most remarkable. Although the relationship between type-1 diabetes and BCAA has not been elucidated in this study, the results, which reveal a characteristic increase in diabetic mice of all origins are considered worthy of further study.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2020

Purpose: To investigate the expression of malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxidation marker for oxidative stress (OS), in autoimmune Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) by utilizing the SjS-prone C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 (B6DC) mouse and the SjS patient plasma samples. Methods: The MDA concentrations in the lysates of the submandibular gland, liver, and serum samples from the SjS-prone B6DC mouse model were compared with those from the C57BL/6J as a control. A thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay kit was used to measure MDA. Plasma samples from five SjS patients and five control subjects were also evaluated. Results: The MDA concentrations in experimental animals and controls were not significantly different. There were no significant differences between the plasma of SjS patients and of controls. Conclusions: The expression of MDA was investigated in the organs from the SjS-prone B6DC mouse for the first time and in the plasma samples of SjS patients. No significant differences were observed between SjS and control samples when MDA was the target molecule with the TBARS assay. MDA may not be a reliable marker to measure OS contrary to the published studies involving OS of SjS.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2021

Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium are commonly used probiotics. This study aimed to identify the effect of live combined Bacillus subtilis R0179 and Enterococcus faecium R0026 (LCBE) on obesity-associated hyperlipidemia and gut microbiota in C57BL/6 mice. Forty male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: normal group (N group), model group (M group), low-dose group (L group), and high-dose group (H group). Mice were gavaged with LCBE at 0.023 g/mice/day (L group) or 0.23 g/mice/day (H group) and fed with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. In vitro E. faecium R0026 showed an ability to lower the low-concentration of cholesterol by 46%, and the ability to lower the high-concentration of cholesterol by 58%. LCBE significantly reduced the body weight gain, Lee index, brown fat index and body mass index of mice on a high-fat diet. Moreover, LCBE markedly improved serum lipids (including serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein) while also significantly reducing liver total cholesterol. Serum lipopolysaccharide and total bile acid in L and H groups decreased significantly compared with M group. PCR-DGGE analysis showed that the composition of gut microbiota in the treatment groups was improved. Akkermansia muciniphila was found in H group. The PCA result indicated a similar gut microbiota structure between LCBE treatment groups and normal group while the number of bands and Shannon diversity index increased significantly in the LCBE treatment groups. Finally, qPCR showed Bifidobacterium spp. increased significantly in H group compared with M group, LCBE alleviated liver steatosis and improved brown adipose tissue index.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.46-59
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Aster yomena (Kitam.) Honda (AY) has remarkable bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-cancer activities. On the other hand, the effects of AY against obesity-induced insulin resistance have not been reported. Therefore, this study examined the potential of AY against obesity-associated insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: An obesity model was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice a 60% HFD for 16 weeks. The C57BL6/When ethyl acetate fraction from AY (EFAY) at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day was administered orally to mice fed a HFD for the last 4 weeks. Normal and control groups were administered water orally. The body weight and fasting blood glucose were measured every week. Dietary intake was measured every other day. After dissection, blood and tissues were collected from the mice. RESULTS: The administration of EFAY reduced body and organ weights significantly compared to HFD-fed control mice. The EFAY-administered groups also improved the serum lipid profile by decreasing the triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein compared to the control group. In addition, EFAY ameliorated the insulin resistance-related metabolic dysfunctions, including the fasting blood glucose and serum insulin level, compared to the HFD-fed control mice. The EFAY inhibited lipid synthesis and insulin resistance by down-regulation of hepatic fatty acid synthase and up-regulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway. EFAY also reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver, indicating that EFAY protected hepatic injury induced by obesity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that EFAY improved obesity-associated insulin resistance by regulating the lipid and glucose metabolism, suggesting that AY could be used as a functional food to prevent obesity and insulin resistance.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2013

본 연구는 마우스에 고지방식이로 비만을 유도하면서 핑거루트 추출물(BPE)의 비만 억제 효과를 평가하는 것이었다. C57BL/6J 마우스를 두개의 실험군으로 나누어 8주 동안 각각 고지방식이와 고지방식이에 0.5%의 BPE를 보충한 식이를 급여하였다. BPE는 식이섭취량에는 영향을 주지 않으면서도 고지방식이군과 비교하여 유의적으로 체중증가를 줄이고, 내장지방의 축적을 억제하였다. 또한 BPE를 급여한 군은 고지방식이군과 비교하여 혈중 지질, 간지질의 축적, 혈중 렙틴 농도를 감소시켰다. RT-PCR 분석 결과, 부고환지방내에서의 $C/EBP{\alpha}$와 $PPAR{\gamma}2$의 발현수준이 고지방식이 대비 각각 1.30배와 1.16배 증가하였다. 결론적으로 BPE는 고지방식이로 유도된 비만 마우스 모델에서 내장지방의 축적을 감소시키고, 이상지질혈증 개선을 통해 항비만 효과를 나타내는 것으로 판단된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 1998

마우스 백혈병 바이러스인 LP-BM5 MuLV를 감염시켜 면역결핍 상태 (Murine AIDS: MfdDS)로 유도한 C57BL/6 마우스에 10 종류의 가시아메바 분리주를 감염시켜 가시아메바 분리 주별 병원성을 평가하였다. LP-BM5 MuLV에 감염된 C57BL/6 마우스는 MfdDS 모델의 특징적 소견인 비장 종대와 임파절 종대를 나타내었고, 가시아메바의 배양 온도에 따른 MAIDS 모델 마 우스의 치사율의 유의적 차이는 없었으나. 분리주에 따른 MAIDS 마우스의 치사율은 상당한 차이 가 있었다. 아메바성 육아종성 뇌염 환자의 뇌에서 분리한 A. henlvioc-3A주가 가장 높은 치사 율을 나타내었고. 조직 배양 중 분리된 A. culbensonih-1주가 2번째로 높은 치사율을 나타내었 다. 국내 토양에서 분리한 A. ccstellanii KA/S2주와 A.polvphagaga KAS3주는 매우 낮은 치사율 을 보였다. 가시아메바를 비강 내 접종으로 감염시킨 마우스는 정맥 내 주사로 감염시킨 마우스에 비해 만성적 경과를 보였다. 사망한 마우스의 폐와 뇌의 육안적 병리 소견은 일관된 성적을 나타 내지는 않았고. 마우스 개체마다 다양하였다 병리 조직학적 소견으로는 뇌 조직에서보다 폐 조직 에서 더 심한 염증과 괴사를 보였으나. OC-3A주로 감염시켜 사망한 마우스의 뇌조직에서는 심한 염증반응과 가시아메바 영양형을 관찰할 수 있었다. 가시아메바 분리주마다 병원성이 다른 것으로 미루어 보아 가시아메바의 병원성은 유전적 요인에 의해 결정될 것으로 생각되며 추후 가시아메바 병원성 결정인자에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2009

This experiment was investigated the effects of fresh and ginger processed Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts on hair growth activity, and its fractions(chloroform, ethyl acetate and water fractions) obtained from fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma on hair growth activity of the normal and spontaneous alopecia areata model of C57BL/6N mice for 16 days. The results were as follows: In fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair growth effect was observed in whole skin area(100%) all the normal mice in whose hair had been clipped on 16th days. In ginger processed Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair growth effect was observed in whole skin area in 25% of normal mice in whose hair had been clipped on 16th days. But in control group, hair growth effect was observed in a part of whole skin area in 25% of normal mice. In fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group, hair follicles of middle stage of anagen phase was observed and it were grown down to subcutaneous tissue of skin in all the mice on 10th day. But in ginger processed Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group and control group, Most of hair follicles of telogen phase was observed in skin. The treatment of extracts of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma increased the expression of TGF-$\beta$(146%), IGF(107%), and prolactin(115%) in the skin of normal C57BL/6N mice compared to control group(100%). But expression of placenta lactogen(93%) was decreased in the skin of normal C57BL/6N mice compared to control group(100%). In spontaneous alopecia model, The hair growth activity of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts treated group(100%) was observed to be strong compared with the control group(20%) on 15th day. Hair growth activity on chloroform fractions of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts was observed in whole skin area in 75% of normal mice on the 9th day. In water and ethyl acetate fractions, hair growth activity was observed in a part of whole skin in 75% and 25% of normal mice, respectively. but hair growth activity of control group was not observed. After application of fractions of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma extracts for 10 days, hair follicles of chloroform fraction treated group was observed middle stage of anagen phase and hair follicle were grown down to subcutaneous tissue of skin in all the mice. But hair follicles of initial stage of anagen phase were observed in water and ethyl acetate fractions. Most of hair follicles of telogen phase was observed in skin of control group. These experiments suggest that extracts of fresh Pinelliae Rhizoma may stimulate the topical hair growth activity and its chloroform fractions can be useful for treatment of alopecia areata.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.507-515
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate whether Gynura procumbens extract (GPE) can improve insulin sensitivity and suppress hepatic glucose production in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/Ksj-db/db mice were divided into 3 groups, a regular diet (control), GPE, and rosiglitazone groups (0.005 g/100 g diet) and fed for 6 weeks. RESULTS: Mice supplemented with GPE showed significantly lower blood levels of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin than diabetic control mice. Glucose and insulin tolerance test also showed the positive effect of GPE on increasing insulin sensitivity. The homeostatic index of insulin resistance was significantly lower in mice supplemented with GPE than in the diabetic control mice. In the skeletal muscle, the expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, pAkt substrate of 160 kDa, and PM-glucose transporter type 4 increased in mice supplemented with GPE when compared to that of the diabetic control mice. GPE also decreased the expression of glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the liver. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that GPE might improve insulin sensitivity and inhibit gluconeogenesis in the liver.