• Title/Summary/Keyword: BG

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Comparison of Taste Components of Giant Squid Architenthis dux via Processing Methods (대왕오징어의 가공방법에 따른 맛성분의 비교)

  • Park, Hee-Yeon;Jang, Joo-Ri;Nam, Gi-Ho;Lee, Doo-Seog;Yoon, Ho-Dong;Jang, Mi-Soon
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.508-516
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    • 2011
  • The chemical components (e.g., proximate composition, nucleotide-related compounds, and amino-acid content) of raw, dried, and boiled giant squids were investigated. The moisture contents of raw, dried, and boiled giant squids were 75.65, 39.75, and 41.12%, respectively. The boiled giant squid had a higher moisture content than the dried giant squid. The crude protein contents of raw, dried, and boiled giant squids were 20.10, 56.25, and 49.58%, respectively, with that of the dried giant squid higher than that of the boiled giant squid. The crude lipid contents of the raw, dried, and boiled giant squids were 0.15, 0.57, and 1.35%, respectively, with the boiled giant squid having the highest crude lipid content. The crude ash content of raw, dried, and boiled giant squids were 1.68, 4.50, and 6.77%, respectively. IMP content was detected in the dried (1.21 mg/100 g) and boiled(0.25 mg/100 g) giant squids. In the sensory scores, the degree of bitterness, acidity, and aftertaste had lower values in the dried and boiled giant squids than in the raw giant squid. A total of 18 amino acids were detected in the samples, and most of the samples had high contents of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, and arginine and low contents of histidine, tyrosine, and methionine. The free-amino-acid content was related to the taste component. The major free amino acid contained by the samples were hydroxyproline, alanine, arginine.

Comparison of ginsenoside contents and antioxidant activity according to the size of ginseng sprout has produced in a plant factory (식물공장에서 생산된 새싹인삼의 크기에 따른 진세노사이드 함량 및 항산화 활성 비교)

  • Hwang, Seung Ha;Kim, Su Cheol;Seong, Jin A;Lee, Hee Yul;Cho, Du Yong;Kim, Min Ju;Jung, Jea Gack;Jeong, Eun Hye;Son, Ki-Ho;Cho, Kye Man
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.64 no.3
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    • pp.253-261
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    • 2021
  • In this study, the ginseng sprout has produced through smart farm was classified according to its size and divided into above-ground (AG) and below-ground (BG) parts to compare ginsenoside contents and antioxidant activity. In the case of the AG part, the total phenolic contents were the highest at 5.16 mg/g in medium (M) size and the lowest at 2.23 mg/g in largest (L) size. The BG part also showed the highest content in the M size, but there was no significant difference. Also, the total flavonoid contents were also high in the M size in both the AG (5.16 mg/g) and BG (1.28 mg/g) parts. The major ginsenosides in the AG part were Re (20.33-24.15 mg/g) > Rd (11.36-27.42 mg/g) > Rg1 (4.48-5.54 mg/g) and the main ginsenosides in the BG part were Rb1 (5.09-8.61 mg/g) > Re (4.48-5.54 mg/g) > Rc (3.11-4.11 mg/g) in orders. In the case of M size, Re and Rd were approximately 4- and 19-folds higher at 24.15 mg/g and at 27.42 mg/g in the AG part and 5.20 mg/g and 1.43 mg in the BG part, respectively. In addition, F3 and Rh1 were detected in the AG part, but not in the BG part. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (74.95%), 2,4,6-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphnoic acid) diammonium salt (94.47%), and hydroxyl (70.39%) radical scavenging activities and FRAP (2.169) assay were the highest in M size than other sizes.

Seasonal prevalence and species composition of mosquitoes and chigger mites collected from Daegu, Gunwi and Sangju in South Korea, 2014

  • Choi, Moon Bo;Lee, Wook-Gyo;Kang, Hyun Jun;Yang, Sung-Chan;Song, Bong Gu;Shin, E-Hyun;Kwon, Ohseok
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.107-113
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    • 2017
  • Background: As the habitat changes in Korea due to climate change, the emergence of disease-mediated vectors is increasing rapidly. Thus for the surveillance of mosquito- and chigger mite-borne disease, their seasonal prevalence and species composition were investigated at seven locations in Daegu, Gunwi and Sangju. Methods: Mosquitoes were collected twice every month from five collection sites using a black light and BG sentinel traps in Daegu and Gunwi from April through November. Chigger mites were investigated twice per month from wild rodents caught with Sherman live traps in Gunwi and Sangju from April through May and September through November. Results: A total of 2,361 female mosquitoes were collected. Cowshed (626 individuals, Trap index (TI) 44.7) and Kyungpook National University campus (846 individuals, TI 60.4) in Daegu had the highest number of mosquitoes in the black light and BG sentinel trap, respectively. The mosquitoes were collected more by BG sentinel trap than the black light trap. Nine mosquito species were trapped, and the Culex pipiens complex was the most commonly mosquito (1,397 individuals, 59.2%), followed by Anopheles sinensis (554 individuals, 23.5%). Anopheles sinensis (531 individuals, 51.9%) and Culex pipiens complex (1,142 individuals, 85.4%) were the most mosquitoes from black light and BG sentinel trap, respectively. In terms of seasonal prevalence, the highest abundance was in July, with 824 individuals collected. In chigger mites, eighty-one wild rodents of five species that are hosts of chigger mites were collected; among them, 53 and 25 individuals of Apodemus agrarius and Crocidura suaveolens, respectively were trapped. Leptotrombidium pallidum was a dominant species, with 2,467 individuals collected (67.8%). Conclusions: The mosquito was the dominant species in Culex pipiens complex and the highest in July and August. Apodemus agrarius was most abundant in wild rats and Leptotrombidium pallidum was dominant in the collected chigger mites.

생쥐 초기 배아에서 Aquaporin 8과 9의 발현에 관한 연구

  • 신현상;계명찬;강수만;이성은;이지원;강한승;김문규
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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    • 2003.10a
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    • pp.68-68
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    • 2003
  • Aquaporin은 막관통 통로 단백질(transmembrane channel protein)로서, 삼투압의 농도구배에 따라 세포막을 가로질러 물분자를 이동시키는 기능을 하고 있다. 포유류 초기배아에서 포배강 형성은 영양외배엽세포에서 $Na^+ / K^+$ATPase에 의한 이온 농도 구배가 형성되면 auqaporin에 의해 물이 포배강으로 유입되면서 이루어진다. 본 연구에서는 생쥐 초기배아에서 반정량적인 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응 방법(semi-quantitative RT-PCR)과 실시간 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응 방법(real-time RT-PCR)을 통하여 AQP8과 9의 mRNA발현을 조사하고 다중 면역형광현미경 방법(confocal immunofluorescence microscopy)을 통해 단백질 발현양상을 분석하였다. AQP8 mRNA는 상실기까지 발현되지 않다가 포배기에 이르러 발현되었고 AQP9 mRNA는 수정란에서부터 발현되어 포배기에는 유의할 정도로 증가하였다. 따라서 AQP8 mRNA는 배아유전자가 활성화되어 나타나는 것이고 AQP9 mRNA는 모계유전자 기원임을 알 수 있었다. AQP8 단백질은 상실배 단계까지 발현되지 않다가 포배시기에 영양외배엽세포사이의 접합면에 발현되었고 AQP9 단백질은 상실배 시기에 할구 사이의 인접 부위에서 강하게 발현되었다가 포배시기에는 세포간의 접합면에 약하게 발현하는 경향을 나타내었다. 실시간 역전사 중합효소 연쇄반응 방법으로 조사한 결과 포배에서 물과 글리세롤을 통과시키는 AQP9는 mRNA의 발현양이 AQP8보다 약 4배 정도 많았다. 또한 포배기에 이르러서야 물만을 통과시키는 AQP8의 발현이 나타나는 것을 보아 포배강 형성시 외부에서 영양외배엽을 통해 포배강으로 유입되는 물의 이동(trans- trophectodermal water movements)에 AQP9보다 AQP8이 더 중요하게 관여할 것으로 사료된다., K, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni)을 측정하였다. 실험 조건1의 결과로서 각 국의 유아용 일회용 기저귀의 중금속 함량은 거의 유사한 경향을 나타내었으며 Cr, Zn, Pb, Ni, Mn, Mg, Li, K는 detection limit(2 ppm) 이하였고, Cd, Fe, Co, Cu, Ca, Al, Sr는 검출되었지만 기준치 이하였다. 실험 조건2의 결과로서 측정 항목(Cr, Sb, Cd, Pb, Ni, Co, Cu)중 Cr, Cd, Ni, Cu는 detection limit(0.1 ppm) 이하였고, Sb, Pb, Co는 검출되었지만 기준치 이하였다.았다. 4%의 경우에는 8$0^{\circ}C$이하로 온도를 낮추는 것이 좋은 상태를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 일반적으로 화학적 레팅을 4%, 7%에서한 선행결과와 상당히 다른 결과이다.염 농도가 증가할수록 감소 현상을 보였다.X>, 75BG30은 8.6$\mu\textrm{m}$, 75BG40은 7.02$\mu\textrm{m}$로 나타났다. 따라서 경화제 양에 관계없이 10$\mu\textrm{m}$ 이하로 나타나, 경화제 10$m\ell$만으로 미세한 크기를 얻을 수 있음을 알 수 있다. 젤리 강도 변화에 따른 차이는 300BF는 78.09$\mu\textrm{m}$ 300BG는 56.32$\mu\textrm{m}$로, 75BF나 75BG에 비하여 현저히 증가하여, 젤라틴의 젤리 강도는 캡슐 제조 조건의 주요한 변수임을 알 수 있다.추출물 투여시 혈당강하 및 혈중콜레스테롤 강하가 나타났으며, 상엽복합추출물 투여와 운동을 병행시 이러한 감소 효과가 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다.교육의 적임자로 보는 시각이 비교적 높았고 약 1/2정도는 영양교육에 참여하겠다는 의지를 가지고 있을 뿐만 아니라 실제로 영양지도를

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Housewives' Perception on Obesity Related Variables of Family According to Child Composition of Household (가족 내 자녀 구성에 따른 가정주부들의 가족에 대한 비만 관련 변인 인지)

  • Seo, Yong-Seok;Lee, Dae-Taek;Cha, Kwang-Suk
    • Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.103-118
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    • 2007
  • Housewives' perception on obesity related variables to their family members according to the composition of children in the family was explored. Ninety housewives responded to a questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic informations, body weight perception, eating behaviors perception, and physical activity level for herself as well as her family. They were categorized into three groups based on child composition of the family; boys only (BO), girls only (GO), and boys and girls (BG) families. Boys in BO showed higher value of height, weight, and WHR than girls in GO (p <.05), while no differences were noticed in BMI and the waist girth between the groups. Mothers of BO perceived boys were active while mother of GO did girls were inactive (p <.05). Girls in GO ate meals less regularly than boys in BO and girls in BG. In general, housewives' perception on body weight of family members was relied on BMI and waist girth. As mother's BMI increased, the boy's BMI in BO was also elevated (p <.05), but not in others. Mothers' perception on caloric intake and activity encouragement were not accounted for morphological characteristics. Results suggest that housewives perceived obesity related variables differently based on the composition of children of the family.

A Comparative Study on the Etfects of 『Palmisoyo-San gamibang』, 『Gyebu-Tang』 and 『Boganyangje』 on the Thyrotoxicosis of Rats (갑상선중독유발 흰쥐에 미치는 팔미소요산가미방(八味消遙散加味方)과 계부탕(桂附湯)및 보간양제(補肝陽劑)의 영향 비교 연구)

  • Lee, Yeun-Seong;Soh, Kyeong-Sun;Jeong, Chan-Gil
    • Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.39-50
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    • 2005
  • In order to study comparatively the effects of "Palmisoyo-San gamibang(八味消遙散加味方)"(AP), "Gyebu-Tang(桂附湯)"(GT) and "Boganyangje(補肝陽劑)" (BG) on the thyrotoxicosis rats, we have made thyrotoxicosis rat model by administration sodium levothyroxine p.o. during 4 days(Control group), and have administered solid extract of AP(236.8mg/200g/day : Sample I group), GT(80mg/200g/day : Sample II group) and BG(70.4mg/200g/day : Sample III group) p.o. to thyrotoxicosis rats during 3 days from 3rd day. We measured the body weight(BW), body temperature(BT), levels of Serum $T_3{\cdot}T_4{\cdot}free\;T_3{\cdot}free\;T_4$ and TSH after administrating solid extract of AP, GT and BG. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Sample I group showed significantly high increasing rate compared with Control, Sample II and Sample III group, but it showed significantly lower levels of BT, $T_4$ and free $T_4$ than those of Control, Sample II and Sample III. group. 2. We could know that AP suppress the alteration of $T_4$ to $T_3$. 3. Sample II and Sample III group showed opposite results to Sample I group in the BW., BT, $T_4$ and free $T_4$ Especially Sample III was significantly higher than Control, Sample I and Sample II, so we could guess that BG stimulates the formation of thyroid hormones. According to the above experimental results, "Palmisoyo-San\;gamibang(八味消遙散加味方)" is assumed to have a curative effect against the thyrotoxicosis rat induced by sodium levothyroxine, and to suppress the alteration of $T_4$ to $T_3$. And we can suppose that "Boganyangje(補肝陽劑)" has a curative effect against the hypothyroidism.

Cloning and Overexpression of a Paenibacillus ${\beta}-Glucanase$ in Pichia pastoris: Purification and Characterization of the Recombinant Enzyme

  • Yang, Peilong;Shi, Pengjun;Wang, Yaru;Bai, Yingguo;Meng, Kun;Luo, Huiying;Yuan, Tiezheng;Yao, Bin
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.58-66
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    • 2007
  • Isolation, expression, and characterization of a novel $endo-{\beta}-1,3(4)-D-glucanase$ with high specific activity and homology to Bacillus lichenases is described. One clone was screened from a genomic library of Paenibacillus sp. F-40, using lichenan-containing plates. The nucleotide sequence of the clone contains an ORF consisting of 717 nucleotides, encoding a ${\beta}-glucanase$ protein of 238 amino acids and 26 residues of a putative signal peptide at its N-terminus. The amino acid sequence showed the highest similarity of 87% to other ${\beta}-1,3-1,4-glucanases$ of Bacillus. The gene fragment Bg1 containing the mature glucanase protein was expressed in Pichia pastoris at high expression level in a 3-1 high-cell-density fermenter. The purified recombinant enzyme Bg1 showed activity against barley ${\beta}-glucan$, lichenan, and laminarin. The gene encodes an $endo-{\beta}-1,3(4)-D-glucanase$ (E. C. 3.2.1.6). When lichenan was used as substrate, the optimal pH was 6.5, and the optimal temperature was $60^{\circ}C$. The $K_m,\;V_{max},\;and\;k_{cat}$ values for lichenan are 2.96mg/ml, $6,951{\mu}mol/min{\cdot}mg,\;and\;3,131s^{-1}$, respectively. For barley ${\beta}-glucan$ the values are 3.73mg/ml, $8,939{\mu}mol/min{\cdot}mg,\;and\;4,026s^{-1}$, respectively. The recombinant Bg1 had resistance to pepsin and trypsin. Other features of recombinant Bg1 including temperature and pH stability, and sensitivity to some metal ions and chemical reagents were also characterized.

Genetic Studies on Grain Shape and Quality in Rice - I. Genetic Analysis of Grain Size, Weight and Shape (벼 입형(粒型)과 미질(米質)에 관련(關聯)된 형질(形質)의 유전연구(遺傳硏究) - I. 정조(正租)의 크기와 무게 및 모양에 대(對)한 유전분석(遺傳分析))

  • Park, Gyu Hwan;Kim, Hyun Tae;Choi, Soon Ho
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • v.6
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    • pp.25-30
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    • 1988
  • Seven rice varieties and $42F_1$ hybrids of $7{\times}7$ diallel cross were used in genetic analysis for grain size, weight and shape. Effects of average heterosis for grain length and shape showed significantly negative values. GCA, SCA and RCA variances were significant for all characters and also additive variance was more important than dominance variance for grain length, width, thickness and weight. GCA effects of BG 2 and Arborio were highly positive for grain size and weight, and those of BG 2 and Nagdongbyeo were highly negative for grain shape. Partial dominance was observed for all characters. The direction of dominance was negative for grain length, width and shape, and ambidirections for grain thickness and weight. The effective gene number was two for grain length and shape. Both narrow and broad sense heritability were high in all characters.

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SPECT Imaging of Dopamine Transporter with [I-123] IPT in Normal Controls and Parkinson's Patients (정상인과 파킨슨병 환자에서 [I-123]IPT SPECT를 이용한 도파민 재섭취부위의 영상화)

  • Sohn, Hyung Sun;Kim, Euy Neyng;Lee, Kyung Jin;Rha, Hyung Keun;Son, Byung Chul;Choi, Chang Rhack
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.342-348
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    • 2001
  • Objective : Dopamine transporter concentrations have been known to decrease in Parkinson's disease(PD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between SPECT measurements of [I-123]N-(3-iodopropene-2-yl)-$2{\beta}$-carbomethoxy-$3{\beta}$-(4-chlorophenyl) tropane(IPT) as an imaging agent for measuring changes in transporter concentrations with PD. Patients and Methods : IPT labelled with $4.87{\pm}1.29mCi$($180.19{\pm}47.73MBq$) of [I-123] was intravenously injected into 23 patients(age : $58{\pm}12$) with PD and three normal controls(NC)(age : $37{\pm}7$) as bolus. Brain SPECT were then performed at 1 hour and 2 hours after injection on a double headed camera. The statistical parameters were the contrast ratio of left basal ganglia(BG) and right basal ganglia to occipital cortex(OCC) per milli curies of injected radiotracer at 1 hour and 2 hours. The correlations were evaluated between these parameters and Hoehn-Yahr classification of the patients. Results : The(BG - OCC)/OCC/mCi ratios at 1 hour and 2 hours for PD and NC were $0.14{\pm}0.07$ and $0.27{\pm}0.07$(1 hour) and $0.12{\pm}0.07$ and $0.34{\pm}0.04$(2 hour), respectively. The(BG - OCC)/OCC/mCi ratios of Parkinson's disease were decreased with higher grade of Hoehn-Yahr classification of the patients. The ratio between BG and OCC for PD were clearly separated from NC and may be useful outcome measures for clinical diagnosis. Conclusion : The findings suggest that IPT may be a very useful tracer for early diagnosis and treatment of PD and study of dopamine re-uptake site.

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Mineralogical Study on Microlites in the Baekdusan Obsidian and the Gadeokdo Obsidian Artefacts (백두산 흑요석과 가덕도 흑요석제 석기에 포함된 미세결정에 대한 광물학적 연구)

  • Jin, Mi Eun;Moon, Sung Woo;Ryu, Choon Kil;Jwa, Yong-Joo
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.243-249
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    • 2014
  • We conducted investigations into the morphological characterstics and chemical compositions of the microlites included in the obsidians from the North Korean side Baekdusan (NK) and in the obsidian artefacts from the Busan Gadeokdo prehistoric site (BG). The morphology of the microlites from the NK can be divided into three groups, and trichite-acicular and trichite-asteroidal types are predominant. On the other hand the microlites from the BG show various morphological features such as acicular, margarite, lath, and asteroidal types. Silicate microlites from the NK are mostly of Ca-pyroxene compositions (hedenbergite to augite), whereas those from the BG are mostly of biotite (annite) with small amount of clinopyroxene (ferrosilite). It is well understood that the microlites from the NK are different from those from the BG in terms of the morphology, mineral content and mineral composition. Thus the obsidian aretefacts from the Busan Gadeokdo prehistoric site seem to have no genetical relationship to the obsidians from the Baekdusan.