• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2010

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were obtained by a polymerization reaction of epichlorohydrin (ECH) with bisphenol A (BPA) or bisphenol F (BPF). These compounds are commonly used as monomers or additives such as a polymerization stabilizer and a hydrochloric acid scavenger of epoxy resin, polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-containing organosols and polyester lacquers, that are applied to the internal surface of most canned foods to impart chemical resistance. The unreacted BADGE, BFDGE and their reaction products migrating from epoxy resin, PVC-containing organosol and/or polyester lacquer-based food packaging materials into the foods have recently become an issue of great concern because of increased customer demand for safety. This study was conducted to develop a rapid and sensitive simultaneous analysis method based on HPLC/FLD and HPLC/APCI-mass and to evaluate the concentration of BADGE, BFDGE and their metabolites, BADGE $H_2O$, BADGE $2H_2O$, BADGE HCl, BADGE 2HCl, BADGE HCl $H_2O$, BFDGE $H_2O$, BFDGE $2H_2O$, BFDGE HCl, BFDGE 2HCl and BFDGE HCl $H_2O$ for 133 canned food samples. The method provided a linearity of 0.9997-0.9999, a limit of detection of $0.01-0.13\;{\mu}g/mL$, a limit of quantitation of $0.03-0.44\;{\mu}g/mL$ and a recovery (%) of 85.64-118.18. The number of samples containing BADGE, BFDGE or their metabolites were: 28/133 (21.1%), with levels of 0.400-0.888 mg/kg being observed for aqueous foods (19/133) and 0.093-0.506 mg/kg being observed for oily foods (9/133).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2002

A simple and sensitive analysis method based on reverse phase (RP) HPCL with flourescence detector was developed for simultaneous determination of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), and their degradation products, $BADGE{\cdot}H_2O$, $BADGE{\cdot}2H_2O$, $BFDGE{\cdot}H_2O$, $BFDGE{\cdot}2H_2O$, $BADGE{\cdot}HCl{\cdot}H_2O$, $BADGE{\cdot}HCl$, $BADGE{\cdot}2HCl$, $BFDGE{\cdot}HCl{\cdot}H_2O$, $BFDGE{\cdot}HCl$ and $BFDGE{\cdot}2HCl$, which were hydrolyzed and chlorinated forms of BADGE and BFDGE, in canned foods and food simulants. These compounds were identified by GC/MSD with $MSTFA-NH_4I-DTE$ derivatization. Recovery study was performed at each 100 ng/mL levels of BPA, BPF, BADGE and BFDGE added to canned foods and food simulants. This method was resulted in recovery of $90{\sim}114%$ with relative standard deviation of $4.1{\sim}7.0%$, detection limits of $6{\sim}11$ ng/mL and quantitation limits of $12{\sim}18\;ng/mL$. Calibration curves were linear with correlatin coefficients of 0.997 for BPF, 0.996 for BPA, 0.9987 for BFDGE, and 0.9989 for BADGE.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.570-577
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• 2000

A method was presented for determination of bisphenol F(BPF), bisphenol A(BPA), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether(BFDGE) and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether(BADGE) in 3 aqueous-based food simulants (water, 4% acetic acid, 20% ethanol) by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)with fluorescence detection and gas chromatography with mass selective detection(GC/MSD). All the calibration lines in the range of $5{\sim}800\;{\mu}g/L$ had correlation coefficients greater than 0.9998 and detection limits of less than $1.2\;{\mu}g$ bisphenols/L. Precision at $200\;{\mu}g/L$ was under 3.1%. Recoveries of bisphenols simultaneously spiked to aqueous food simulants exceeded 95% for BPF and BPA but about 80% for BFDGE and BADGE. However, recoveris of BFDGE and BPADGE respectively spiked increased upto 95%. Detection limits in recovery test were less than $0.40\;{\mu}g$ bisphenols/L. In migration test bisphenols were determined by RP-HPLC coupled with confirmation by GC/MSD. Can coatings of epoxy phenol, modified epoxy, epoxy ester phenol and thermoset vinyl were exposed to the 3 aqueous food simulants. BPF, BFDGE and BADGE were not detected in all the can coatings but BPA was detected in 4% acetic acid and 20% ethanol in all the can coatings except modified epoxy.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.329-335
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• 2017

Analysis method was presented for the simultaneous determination of nine bisphenol A related compounds such as bisphenol A (BPA), phenol, p-tert-butylphenol, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), $BADGE{\cdot}2H_2O$, $BADGE{\cdot}2HCl$, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), $BFDGE{\cdot}2H_2O$ and $BFDGE{\cdot}2HCl$ migrated from inner coatings of metal food cans by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The method was validated by examining the linearity of calibration curve, the limit of detection (LOD), the limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery and uncertainty. The migration tests of nine BPA related compounds were carried out with four food simulants; deionized water (DW), 4% acetic acid, 50% ethanol and n-heptane. There was not any compound detected in DW, 4% acetic acid and 50% ethanol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min and n-heptane at $25^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. BPA and phenol were migrated into 4% acetic acid and 50% ethanol at $95^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. The concentrations were ranged from 0 to $10.77{\mu}g/L$ of BPA and from 0 to $2.35{\mu}g/L$ of phenol. Canned foodstuffs mostly have long-term shelf life. We investigated migration of nine BPA related compounds according to the variation in storage periods (0~90 days) and temperatures (4, 25 and $60^{\circ}C$). All compounds were not founded during 90 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. However BPA and $BADGE{\cdot}2H_2O$ were founded in DW and 4% acetic acid at $60^{\circ}C$. The migration levels of BPA and $BADGE{\cdot}2H_2O$ were close to the value of LOQ, respectively and did not change significantly as storage period. It was founded from results that the migration of BPA related compounds from metal food cans was controlled to a safe level.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1029-1034
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• 2000

A suitable method of sample treatments to minimize the analytical interferences was presented in order to determine bisphenols [bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)] in various canned beverages coated with epoxy resin by the reversephase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence detector and the gas chromatography with mass selective detection. The recovery test of bisphenols was performed using 1, 5, and 10 ${\mu}g/L$ bisphenols spiked beverages with the combined technique of the solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the liquid-phase extraction (LPE). Both BPA and BADGE showed quite adequate resolutions in HPLC-chromatograms. The recoveries of BPA obtained by LPE with diethyl ether were higher than those obtaind with methylene chloride on coffee, shikhye and fruit juice. For cola and tea, the recoveries of BPA obtaind by SPE were higher than those by LPE with diethyl ether. The recoveries of BADGE were less than those of BPA for all beverage samples treated by either SPE or LPE method. In survey of bisphenols for eighteen commercial canned beverage samples, BPA contents of coffee, cola, tea, shikhye, and fruit juice were in the range of $1.3{\sim}11.6,\;0.5{\sim}0.9,\;1.0{\sim}1.3,\;2.4{\sim}7.9$, and $3.0{\sim}3.4\;{\mu}g/L$, respectively, but there was no detection of BPA in beer sample.