• Membrane Journal
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.246-251
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• 2019

Facilitated transport membranes using silver nanoparticles as carriers for olefin/paraffin separation have been interested. $AgBF_4$ has been used as a precursor of silver nanoparticles in previous studies. However, relatively expensive $AgBF_4$ is not suitable for commercialization, and thus, PEBAX-5513/AgNPs (precursor: $AgClO_4$)/7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) composite membranes were prepared using silver nanopaticles with relatively inexpensive $AgClO_4$ precursors. Composite membranes of various compositions were prepared for PEBAX-5513/AgNPs/TCNQ composites, but no separation performance was observed. As a result of FT-IR analysis, it was confirmed that silver nanoparticles were formed in the PEBAX-5513 polymer and the surface of Ag nanoparticles was polarized by TCNQ, but the formed silver nanoparticles were not stabilized. From these results, it was concluded that the anion of the precursor plays an important role in the olefin/paraffin separation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.627-631
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• 1992

The dihydrido iridium(Ⅲ) complex [$Ir(PPh_3)_2H_2(ac)_2$]$BF_4$ (ac=acetone) reacts with 2-phenylpyridine and 7,8-benzoquinoline to yield the C-H activated complexes [$Ir(PPh_3)_2$H(ac)(L)]$BF_4$ (L= phenylpyridine; 7,8-benzoquioline). The dihydrido iridium(Ⅲ) complex [$Ir(PPh_3)_2H_2(ac)_2$]$BF_4$ also reacts with triaklysilane via an oxidative addition reaction to yield the trihydrido iridium complexes [$Ir(PPh_3)_2H_3SiR_3$]$BF_4$ (R =Et and Ph). The structual configuration was studied by conventional spectroscopy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.325-337
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• 1993

Korean breast-fed(BF) and formula-fed (FF) infants(n=31) were studied at their age of 1, 2 and 3 months to compare their intakes of energy, protein, lipid and lactose. Formulas had more energy, protein and lipid than breast milk, but the former had less lactose than the latter. The milk consumption of the FF infants was, however, greater than that of the BF infants with wide individual variation. As a result, the FF infants took in more energy, protein and lipid than the BF infants except lactose. The total daily caloric intakes(kcal/day) of the BF infants were 521.418 and 425 at their age of 1, 2 and 3 months respectively, and those of the FF infants were 676.752 and 723(at their age of 1, 2 and 3 months respectively). Daily protein intakes(g/days) of the BF infants were 9.5, 8.0 and 7.6 at their age of 1, 2 and 3 months respectively, and those of the FF infants were 13.9, 15.5 and 14.8(at their age of 1, 2 and 3 months respectively). The energy and protein of both the BF and the FF infants were deficient compared to the present Recommended Nutrient Allowances, and the deficiency of the BF infants was greater than that of the FF infants. But the energy intakes per kg of body weight of the FF infants at their age of 1 and 2 months were more than the present recommended energy allowances. And the protein intake per kg of body weight of the FF infant at the age of 1 month was the same as the present recommended protein allowances.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2011

The effects of different transient loading conditions on xylene removability and bacterial activity were evaluated in the polyurethane (PU) biofilter inoculated with Rhodococcus sp. EH831: BF1 (the control) was operated under continuous and constant loading ($200{\pm}50ppm$); BF2 under continuous and constant loading after a 2-week long-term shutdown; BF3 under discontinuous (8 h on/16 h off on weekdays and a 2 day-shutdown at weekends); and constant loading BF4 under discontinuous and high loading ($700{\pm}300ppm$); and BF5 under continuous and fluctuating loading (high loading for 8 h and low loading ($75{\pm}25ppm$) for 16 h on weekdays and low loading at weekends). Xylene removal efficiencies in the BF1, BF2, BF3, and BF5 were ranged 83-89%, indicating that 2-week long-term shutdown, intermittent or fluctuant loading condition did not significantly influence the biofilter performance. However, discontinuous and high load condition (BF4) caused to deteriorate xylene removability to 52%. Rhodococcus sp. EH831 could be maintained at $10^9{\sim}10^{10}CFU/g-dry$ PU under 5 kinds of loading conditions. The result of polymerase chain reaction-terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism showed that there was no significant change in bacterial community structures by different loading conditions.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1037-1040
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the effects of ankle foot orthosis(AFO) on the activities of tibialis anterior(TA), soleus(Sol), rectus femoris(RF) and biceps femoris(BF) during stairs descending. The activities of TA, Sol, RF and BF were initially measured while descending 4 stairs without using AFO. The activities of the same muscles were then measured again while descending 4 stairs while using AFO. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyze the results in order to examine the differences between the with using AFO and without using AFO. Although the activities of TA, Sol and RF were relatively lower while using AFO than without using AFO, only the differences in Sol and RF activities were significant(p<0.05). The activity of BF was relatively higher while using AFO compared to the activity of BF observed without using AFO. However, difference was not significant(p>0.05). Conclusion of this study was observed since AFO's ground reaction force absorption during stairs descending reduced the need to use So and RF that is related to shock absorption. BF activity was increased with AFO than without during standing forward to correct the trunk stability.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.305-314
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• 1998

Microflora in 14 breast-fed(BF) and 15 formula-fed(FF) infants were investigated before (2-3 months after birth) and after weaning (5-7 months birth) to find the floral differences between the two lactation groups and the floral changes after weaning. Bifidolbacteria showed the highest count among the species of microflora in the BF group before and after weaning, but in the FF group, streptococci showed the highest count before weaning and bifidobacteria after weaning. Before weaning , the count of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and total acaerobes were significantly higher in the BF group than in the FF. However, the frequencies of clostridia and klesidella , along with the counts of streptococci and eubacteria, were higher in the FF group. After weaning , the only difference was that the total count of aerobic bacteria was higher in the BF group. The counts of streptococci in the BF group and lactobacilli and total anaerobes in the FF group after weaning were significantly higher than before weaning. However, the count of total aerobes in the FF group after weaning was significantly lower than the count before weaning.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.315-320
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• 2004

Alpha-viniferin was previously isolated as a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor from Carex humilis (Cyperaceae) and is an oligomeric stilbene compound with benzofuran (BF) moieties in its chemical structure. In the present study, a chemically synthetic BF compound, named as 3,3-dimethyl-2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18-hexadecahydro-1H-benzo[b] cyclopentadeca[d]furan-1-one, was discovered to inhibit bacterial lipo polysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostaglandin $E_2$ $(PGE_2)$ production in macrophages RAW 264.7. The BF compound exhibited a selectively preferred inhibitory effect on COX-2 activity over COX-1 activity. Furthermore, BF compound inhibited LPS-induced COX-2 expression at transcription level. As a down-regulatory mechanism of COX-2 expression shown by BF compound, suppression of nuclear factor $(NF)-{\kappa}B$ activation has been demonstrated. BF compound inhibited LPS-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ transcriptional activity and nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, in parallel, but did not affect LPS-induced degradation of inhibitory ${\kappa}B{\alpha}$ protein $(I{\kappa}B{\alpha})$. Taken together, anti-inflammatory effect of BF compound on $PGE_2$ production was ascribed by its down-regulatory action on LPS-induced COX-2 synthesis in addition to inhibitory action on enzyme activity of COX-2.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.271-282
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of concentrated pig slurry and byproduct liquid fertilizer on the growth and yield of chinese cabbage. The experiment was conducted in a rain-shelter house which was installed in the agriculture farm. Plants were fertilized with concentrated slurry (CS), byproduct fertilizer (BF), mixture of concentrated slurry and byproduct liquid fertilizer (CS+BF), combined organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+BF) and chemical fertilizer (CF) as control. 1. The pH level of byproduct liquid was decreased from the 3rd to the 7th day and increased 9 day to 14th day, but pH of concentrated slurry (CS) was not greatly varied. EC of concentrated slurry (CS) and byproduct liquid was increased gradually during the fermentation. 2. The concentrated slurry (CS) was low in phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, rich in potassium and unbalanced as a low nitrogen and high potassium. But byproduct liquid fertilizer was balanced in nitrogen and potassium ratio. 3. The leaf number, head height, head width of chinese cabbage in treatment with organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+N) showed significant difference compared with control. The plant and head weight of chinese cabbage in treatment of concentrated slurry was severely decreased, but that in treatment organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+N) were increased 8, 10% compared with control chemical fertilizer (CF), respectively. 4. The content of $K_2O$ in plant tissue and in soil was increased after using concentrated slurry. On the other hand, mineral content of except $K_2O$ did not differ significantly between any of the treatments. In conclusion, organic and chemical fertilizer (CS+BF+N) could improve growth and head weight of chinese cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 1986

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of bovine serum ablumin (BSA), sugars, glycerol equilibration time, straw size and thawing method on the survival index and the morphology of frozen boar spermatozoa. The results obtained were summarized as follow: 1. When the semen frozen in BF5 dilutor as pellet form was thawed in BTS at 37$^{\circ}$and 50$^{\circ}C$, BF5 dilutor with fructose showed higher sperm survival index than that with dextrose, however, when the semen was thawed on dry test tube at 37$^{\circ}C$, BF5 dilutor with sucrose showed higher sperm survival index than with other sugars. 2 When the semen forzen in BF5 dilutor with straw and thawed at 37$^{\circ}C$, BF5 dilutor with dextrose showed higher sperm survival index than those with other sugars, and there was no difference in sperm survival index between 0.5 and 1.0 ml straws. 3. The sperm survival index of frozen sperm was significantly (P<0.05) improved due to addition of BSA (0.05%) to BF5 dilutor. 4. When the extended semen with BF5 dilutor contatining 0.01 to 0.05% of BSA was frozen in the straw, the semen without glycerol equilibration showed significantly (P<0.05) higher sperm survival index than those with 2, 4 and 6 hrs glycerol equilibration time. 5. The sperm frozen in BF5 dilutor with dextrose or fructose, sucrose and raffinose showed 77 to 88% in normal acrosome rate and no difference among sugars. 6. The frozen semen showed lower normal acrosome rate than the first and second diluted semen, whereas the frozen semen showed higher swollen, damaged and missing acrosome rate than the first and second diluted semen. 7. Damaged and missing acrosome rate of sperm head due to freezing was somewhat inhibited by addition of BSA (0.01 to 0.05) to the BF5 dilutor.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2021

The ballasted flocculation effects of the mill scale and magnetite on activated sludge were investigated. Both ballasted flocculants (BF) could remarkably improve the sludge settleability in terms of zone settling velocity (ZSV) and sludge volume index (SVI). With the BF dosage of 0.2 to 2.0 g-BF/g-SS, the magnetite particles showed better efficiency on improving settling behavior of activated sludge than the mill scale due to higher surface area and hydrophobic property. The efficiency of SVI₃₀ with magnetite injection was 2.5 to 11.3% higher than mill scale injection and that of the ZSV appreciated from 23.7% to 44.4% for magnetite injection. Averaged floc size of the BF sludge with magnetite dosage (0.5 g-BF/g-SS) was 2.3 times higher than that of the control sludge. Dewaterability of the sludge was also greatly improved by addition of the BF. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF) was reduced exponentially with increasing the dosage of BF. However, the BF's particle size effect on the SRF looks to be marginal. Consequently, for improving the dewaterability, the BF played a physical role to remove the pore water of the biological flocs by intrusive attachment and a chemical role to induce aggregation of the flocs by charge neutralization.