• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2002

The pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury as well as the modulation of hepatic fibrogenesis is causally associated with involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radical reactions. In this study, we investigated whether dried extracts of oriental medicine (LH) have antioxidant and antifibrotic effect under the biliary liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) c ondition. The female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in six groups (Normal, N-LH, op-2, op-4, opLH-2, opLH-4) and were observed in 2 weeks or 4 weeks. For this purpose the rats were operated by bile duct ligation/scission (BDL/S), which induced to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. After surgery, the prepared LH was administered p.o. 2 mι/day/rat in 2 weeks or 4 weeks for opLH groups. During the observation period, jaundices appeared in eyes, ears and tail of all BDL/S operated rats. And at the time of sacrifice, cholestasis was observed in proximal bile duct, especially the color of bile juice and urine in opLH-4 group showed more clear than op-2, op-4 and opLH-2 group. The value of clinical parameters and product of lipid peroxidation (MDA) in sera and the hydroxyproline (hyp) content in liver tissue were significantly increased in all liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) developed rats (p＜0.001~0.05). Among the clinical parameters of sera, value of BUN, ALP in opLH-4 group showed significantly lower than in op-4 group (p＜0.05, p＜0.001). The content of hyp in opLH-2, opLH-4 group (478.0 $\pm$ 134.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g 897.5 $\pm$ 118.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g) showed lower than in op-2, op-4 group (528.9 $\pm$ 220.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g, 1023.8 $\pm$ 277.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g) and then the value of MDA in opLH-4 was also significantly reduced to 59.4% of that in op-4 group (p＜0.001). The histological change (bile duct proliferation, fibrosis, collagen bundle) was similarly observed in op-2 group and in opLH-2 group, but the weak fibrosis and bile duct proliferation were observed in opLH-4 group compared with in op-4 group. Our data indicate that the 4 weeks treatment with LH extract suppressed lipid peroxidation and inhibited fibrotic (cirrhosis) process, and experimental cholestatic liver disease is associated with increased lipid peroxidation in BDL/S operated rats. Hence we concluded that the measurement of MDA and hyp can be useful monitor for the screening of antioxidant and antifibrotic effect in experimental liver fibrosis (cirrhosis), and LH has been shown to have hepatoprotective effect, antifibrotic effect and antioxidant effect.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.23-36
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• 2007

To overcome the limits of the static pile load test for large diameter drilled shafts, bi-directional low pressure pile load test (BDL PLT) has been used but this test method containes some problems that has not been solved basically. That is, BDL PLT has some problems: difficulty in jack (or cell) arrangement for large test capacity, void remain inside jack (or cell) due to the unrecovery of piston after test etc. In this study, bi-directional double-acting high pressure pile load test (BDH PLT W/DOJ) was developed and confirmed for a in-situ large diameter drilled shaft. At present, test specification of bi-directional pile load test (BDPLT) is being made, and severed main issues (such as, test kinds, test capacity, necessity of use of double-acting and attention of application to service pile) will be contained at the specification.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.845-854
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• 2009

There has been increased concern regarding the release of antibiotics to different environmental compartments due to the possibility of the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. However, limited information is available regarding the occurrence, fate, and transport of antibiotics in Korea in both the aqueous phase and in solid phases such as sediment and soil. Therefore, this study was conducted to monitor the concentration of released antibiotics in surface water, sediment, and soil adjacent to a cattle manure composting facility in Korea. Specifically, the following six antibiotics were monitored: tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), sulfamethazine (SMT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and sulfathiazole (STZ). To extract and quantify the antibiotics from different environmental compartments, solid phase extraction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) techniques were adopted. The concentration of the six antibiotics ranged from below the detection limit (BDL) to 0.71 ${\mu}g$/L in surface water, from BDL to 27.61 ${\mu}g$/L in sediment, and from 0.12 to 157.33 ${\mu}g$/L in soil. In addition, higher concentrations of antibiotics were observed in surface water and sediment at locations closer to the composting facility indicating that composting is the source of the antibiotics found in the environment. Furthermore, higher concentrations of antibiotics were observed in the solid phase (sediment and soil) than the aqueous phase. These findings indicate that the possibility of antibiotic resistant bacteria is increased because such bacteria are more stable in the solid phase. Overall, longterm monitoring of the aqueous phase and solid phase is necessary to gain a better understanding of the impact of antibiotics from source on the environment in Korea.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.166-180
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• 2000

Recommendations of ITU-T and ISO stipulate the managerial abstraction of static and dynamic characteristics of network elements, management functions as well as management communication protocol. The current recommendations provide the formal mechanism for the structural parts of managed objects such as managed object class and attributes. But the current description method does not provide the formal mechanism for the behavioral characteristics of managed objects in clear manner but in natural language form, the complete specification of managed objects is not fully described. Also, the behaviour of managed objects is affected by their temporal and active properties. While the temporal properties representing periodic or repetitive internals are to describe managed objects behaviour in rather strict way, it will be more powerful if more dynamic temporal properties determined by external conditions are added to managed objects. In this paper, we added dynamic features to scheduling managed objects, and described, in GDMO, scheduling managed objects that support dynamic features. We also described behaviour of managed objects in newly defined BDL that has dynamic temporal properties. This paper showed that dynamic temporal managed objects provide a systematic and formal method in agent management function model.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.513-521
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• 2001

The chronic cholestasis induce to biliary liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) and the increased products of ROS(reactive oxygen species) cause to the liver damage. In this study ; the antioxidant and antifibrotic effect of dried extracts of oriental medicine (DW) was investigated under the liver fibrotic (cirrhotic) condition. The female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in 5 groups (Normal, Op-2, Op-4, OpDW-2, OpDW-4). Except for normal group, the rats were induced to biliary liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) by the operation of bile duct ligation/scission (BDU/S) and were observed in 2 weeks or 4 weeks. And the prepared DW was treated p.o.2 ml/day/rats in 2 weeks or 4 weeks for OpDW groups. At the time of sacrifice, the liver, kidney, spleen were weighed and the ratio of organ weight/body weight was calculated. The MDA, the hyp and biochemical parameters (GOT GTP, ALP, t-bili) were measured in sera and liver tissue of rats. The biochemical change was observed on liver tissue. In the result, the hepatomegaly and spleenomegaly appeared in all BDL/S operated rats, and significantly lower liver weight was observed in OpDW-4 group compared with in Op-4 group (p<0.05). The level of clinical parameters in sera of all liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) developed rats was higher than in normal group. Especial1y, the value of GOT in OpDW-2 group and ALP in OpDW-4 group showed significantly lower than in Op-2 group and Op-4 group (p<0.01, p<0.005). The content of hyp in all operation groups was significantly higher than in normal group (p<0.05∼<0.005), and showed significantly lower value in the OpDW-4 group than in Op-4 group (p<0.05). The product of lipid peroxidationUDA) increased significantly under the fibrotic(cirrhotic) condition (p<0.05∼ <0.005), and the MDA value in OpDW-4 group decreased significantly in Op-4 group (p<0.005). The histological change (bile duct proliferation, fibrosis, collagen bundle) was similarly observed in Op-2 group and in OpDW-2 group, but the weak fibrosis and bile duct proliferation were observed in OpDW-4 group compared with in Op-4 group. In conclusion, lipid peroxidation and severe liver damage were activated by bile duct obstruction, and the measurement of MDA and hap can be useful monitor for the screening of antioxidant and antifibrotic effect in experimental liver fibrosis (cirrhosis). The 4 weeks treatment with DW extracts suppressed lipid peroxidation and inhibited fibrotic (cirrhotic) process in BDL/S operated rats.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the liver protective effects of extracts from Persicae Semen (WT-003, WT-005, WT-006). The acute hepatic injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of alpha-naphtylisothiocyanate (75 mg/kg, p.o.) and treated with WT-006 (100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, 400 mg/kg/day). The experimental hepatic fibrosis was induced by bile duct ligation／scission(BDL/S), duration of 4 weeks and treated with WT-003, WT-005 or WT-006 (200 mg/kg/days for 4 week). In acute liver injury, WT-006 (200 or 400 mg/kg) lowered serum alanine transferase(ALT) and aspartate transferase(AST) significantly. In fibrotic rats, WT-006 treatment inhibited the hydroxyproline deposition in liver and lowered serum AST, ALT and ALP, significantly. These results suggest WT-006 extract, which does not contain amygdalin, from Persicae Semen have liver protective and antifibrotic effects in rats.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2002

Objects and Methods : BDl, STAI and Self-Esteem scale were completed by 28 female subjects who composed of nurses of Kyung Hee Medical Center and students of Kyung Hee Oriental Medical college. At the same time, current weight, height and BMI(Body Mass Index), ideal weight, height and BMI, the difference of current weight and ideal weight, the difference of current height and ideal height, and the difference of current BMI and ideal BMI were measured. Result : 1. There was a significant difference between obese and normal weight group in the difference between the current weight and the ideal weight. The difference of the obese group were higher than the normal weight group. 2. There was a significant difference between obese and normal weight group in the mean BDI score. The mean BDI score of the obese group were higher than that of the normal weight group. 3. There was no significant difference between obese and normal weight group in the mean STAI score. 4. There was no significant difference between obese and normal weight group in the mean Self-Esteem Scale score. Conclusion : There are a tendency; the more weight, the more depression in women.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2003

In this paper, we extended hierarchial structure of managed object class to support Role-Based Access Control, and described constraint conditions that have support dynamic temporal function as well as statical temporal function established by management process. And we defined about violation notifications should report to manager when rules violate constraint conditions. Also we presented system architecture that support RBAC with MIB(Management Information Base) of ITU-T recommendation. By access control enforcement and decision function, constraint conditions and activated translation procedure of each roles are described, our system presents dynamic temporal property systematically.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.147-158
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• 2006

Objective : This Study is attempted to analyze characteristics of personality by Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory responses in Vertigo patients. Method : 24 Vertigo patients and 28 control group were tested by MMPI and QSCCII. It is analyzed by one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, t-test, Duncan method is used as ex-post test. Result & Conclusion : 1. 24 Vertigo patients were classified into three constitutions by QSCCII. There were 6 of Soyangin(25.0%), 8 of Soeumin(33.3%) and 10 of Taeumin(41.7%) 2. In the analysis of personality disorder scale of MMPI, BDL scale score of Soyangin group was higher than that of other groups, and STY, AVD scale score of Soeumin group was higher than that of other groups. 3. In the analysis of personality disorder scale of MMPI, vertigo patients group showed higher scores than control in CPS, PAG, PAG, DEP, STY, SZD scale.