• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.6-15
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• 2013

The influence of processing fluids and electrode spacing on the electrokinetic process was evaluated to remediate As-, Cu-, Pb-contaminated soil. Single and mixture of sodium citrate, EDTA and NaOH was used to investigate the metal extraction. EDTA for washing reagent showed the highest removal efficiency. Based on the extraction result, the electrode spacing (20, 40, 60 cm) on the electrokinetic process was investigated to remove the multi-metals from soil. The highest removal was observed at the experiment with 60 cm of electrode spacing, however, the correlation between electrode spacing and removal of metals was not clear. The electrode spacing influenced the amount of accumulated electro-osmotic flow. BCR sequential extraction showed that electrokinetic process removed the fractionation of metals bound to Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.423-431
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• 2020

This study examines the cost and benefit (i.e., income) of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) rubber plantations in Thailand. The study attempts to identify the challenges to the implementation of FSC standards in rubber plantations in the country. A total of 60 rubber farmers in two Southern provinces, namely, Songkhla and Rayong, were interviewed through a standardized questionnaire to gather primary data. The study found that small-, medium- and large-sized FSC rubber plantations were worth investing in. All sizes of rubber plantations had similar values of benefit cost ratio (BCR). It was also found that the values of the discount payback period (DPP) of the three forms of FSC rubber plantations were 9-12 years, while the large rubber plantations had the highest internal rate of return (IRR) (19.0%). It implies that the large-size plantations had the highest values. The rubber farmers in the study area reported that they are facing a number of problems and hardships in implementing FSC standards, lacking knowledge and understanding of FSC, especially for preparing documentation. Therefore, the Thai government should take proper policy initiatives to remove all the problems and barriers in implementing FSC standards for the sustainable rubber production in the country.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.1217-1220
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• 2001

우편물의 자동구분은 우편물을 OVIS(OCR-Video coding Integrated System)에 자동으로 공급하고 우편물의 수취인 주소영역을 카메라를 이용하여 획득한 다음 우편번호를 인식하여 바코드로 변환하여 인쇄하게 되고, 이 우편물은 LSM(Letter Sorting Machine)으로 보내져 BCR(Bar Code Reader)에 의해 인쇄된 바코드를 판독하여 행선지별로 구분하는 과정을 거친다. 주소의 번지 이하 부분은 배달원의 수작업에 의해 최종 배달지점 순서대로 정렬한 다음 배달하게 된다. 이 부분의 작업에 소요되는 시간은 배달원 일일 평균 4 시간에 달하며 원가절감 대상으로 지적되고 있다. 이 부분을 자동화하여 우편물 처리시간을 단축하고 생산성을 향상하는 방안이 대두되고 있으며, 이를 해결하기 위해 번지 부분까지 OCR을 이용, 인식하여 우편번호 및 순로 데이터 베이스에서 인식결과에 해당하는 코드를 추출하여 해당 구분 칸으로 우편물을 분류하는 방식을 택하면 집배원이 우편물을 배달하는 순로까지 자동으로 정렬할 수 있게 된다. 본 논문은 수취인 주소영역의 주소부분을 자동판독하기 위한 시스템을 개발한 내용을 다루고자 한다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1193-1205
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• 2018

A footing located on slopes possess relatively lower bearing capacity as compared to the footing located on the level ground. The bearing capacity further reduces under seismic loading. The adverse effect of slope inclination and seismic loading on bearing capacity can be minimized by proving sufficient setback distance. Though few earlier studies considered setback distance in their analysis, the range of considered setback distance was very narrow. No study has explored the critical setback distance. An attempt has been made in the present study to comprehensively investigate the effect of setback distance on footing under seismic loading conditions. The pseudo-static method has been incorporated to study the influence of seismic loading. The rate of decrease in seismic bearing capacity with slope inclination become more evident with the increase in embedment depth of footing and angle of shearing resistance of soil. The increase in bearing capacity with setback distance relative to level ground reduces with slope inclination, soil density, embedment depth of footing and seismic acceleration. The critical value of setback distance is found to increase with slope inclination, embedment depth of footing and density of soil. The critical setback distance in seismic case is found to be more than those observed in the static case. The failure mechanisms of footing under seismic loading is presented in detail. The statistical analysis was also performed to develop three equations to predict the critical setback distance, seismic bearing capacity factor ($N_{{\gamma}qs}$) and change in seismic bearing capacity (BCR) with slope geometry, footing depth and seismic loading.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.2293-2298
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• 2007

In this study, a dithizone extraction technique involving purge & trap GC-MS was developed for the determination of methylmercury in biological samples, especially blood and fish. After alkaline digestion, methylmercury in biological samples was extracted into dithizone and back-extracted into aqueous sulfide solution. The extracted methylmercury was converted to the volatile ethyl derivative, purged and trapped onto a solid-phase collection medium, and then introduced into the GC-MS system. The determined MDLs of the established method were 0.9 ng·g?1 for biological samples and its accuracy and precision were found to be 93% and 3.8%, respectively. The method was validated by analysis of CRMs such as SRM 966, BCR 463 and IAEA 407 and all analytical results were within certified ranges with average RSDs of less than 6%. The analytical results of field-sampled fish also showed that the method can be successfully used as an alternative for commonly used distillation method followed by GC-CVAFS detection.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1439-1444
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• 1994

Laboratory model test results for the ultimate bearing capacity and allowable bearing capacity at various settlement levels conducted on a strip foundation supported by geogrid-reinforced clay soil have been presented. For mobilization of the maximum possible load-carrying capacity, the optimum width and depth of the reinforcement layers, and the location of the first layer of reinforcement with respect to the bottom of the foundation have been determined.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6653-6656
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• 2013

Background: The single most common proto-oncogene change in human neoplasms is a point mutation in RAS genes. A wide range of variation in frequency of KRAS mutations has been seen in hematologic malignancies. Despite this, RAS roles in leukemogenesis remain unclear. The frequency of KRAS mutations in CML has been reported to be between zero an 10%. Many attempts have been done to develop an anti-RAS drug as a therapeutic target. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was performed in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran from 2010-2012. In 78 CML patients (diagnosed according to WHO 2008 criteria) in chronic or accelerated phases, KRAS mutations in codons 12 and 13 were analyzed using a modified PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Results: We did not detect any KRAS mutations in this study. Conclusions: KRAS mutations are overall rare in early phase CML and might be secondary events happening late in leukemogenesis cooperating with initial genetic lesions.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.51-66
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• 1984

The cost percentage of engine part in the total building cost of a ship is about 30-40% and the main engine occupies about 50% of the engine part cost. For certain ships the fuel bill can be as high as about 60-70% of the total operating cost after two oil shocks and its amount for one year is nearly equivalent to her main engine price. This fact has further increased the pressure on the engine builders to develop engines of higher efficiency and better possibilities to burn further deteriorated fuel qualities. But the energy-saving plants are ordinarily more expensive and their available amount of exhaust gas energy is less and therefore, they are not always profitable and optimum systems. This paper is prepared to decide the most economical and efficient engine systems by presenting reasonable selecting and economical evaluation methods of the main engine, which is the largest single unit and the most expensive, and its auxiliaries. In order to demonstrate the application of investigated methods in a practical case, a 46, 000 DWT class bulk carrier is selected as a model ship and her main engine and its auxiliaries are selected and evaluated. The result shows that the optimum determined has one year three months POP, 0.903 IRR at a year, 4, 116, 000 dollars PW in 15 years (for 5% escalation rate of fuel cost) and 9.522 BCR for same condition, when the engine plant of a same existing ship is taken as the basis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2020

Recently, interest in the DC transmission is rapidly increasing worldwide. In many countries and leading companies are prior to the aggressive development of HVDC technology and application. Especially, VSC-HVDC system has been widely applied to transfer power at long distance between power plant and power consumption area. Therefore in this paper, we analyzed the benefit-cost of VSC-HVDC system which has more advantages than existing transmission system. The proposed system is MMC(Modular Multilevel Converter) VSC-HVDC system that have stability of Power Grid, interconnect Large-scale New Power Generation Plants by prevents Blackout. And MMC VSC-HVDC system Reduced the loss importing foreign systems. And the benefits were calculated in four stages, and the costs were applied to the actual project. By evaluating the various avoidance costs compared to the benefit-cost, it was confirmed that MMC VSC-HVDC system was advantageous in system stability and economic and social benefits.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.71 no.3
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• pp.210-215
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• 2011

Imatinib mesylate, a selective inhibitor of BCR-ABL kinase activity, has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). It has become the standard of treatment for these diseases. Although the toxicity profile of imatinib is superior to that of interferon or other cytotoxic agents, some adverse events including edema, gastrointestinal toxicities and hematologic toxicities are commonly observed in the patients treated by imatinib. We present two cases of imatinib induced interstitial pneumonitis during the treatment of a chronic phase of CML.