• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.1244-1250
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• 2000

A method for simultaneous quantitative determination of plasticizers such as diethyl phthalate(DEP), di-n-propyl phthalate(DprP), di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP), di-n-pentyl phthalate(DPP), butylbenzyl phthalate(BBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP), dicyclohexyl phthalate(DCHP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate(DEHA), which are suspected as endocrine disruptors, in food was studied. A analysis method was optimized for the quantification of plasticizers in Jjambbong, which is a kind of fatty noodle, by using GC/FID. The detection limits of DEP, DprP, DBP, DPP, BBP, DEHP, DCHP and DEHA were 3.5, 5.3, 2.2, 2.2, 7.2, 1.7, 1.9 and 3.0 mg/kg, respectively. Much higher recovery was obtained by extraction with acetone/n-hexane(1:1) rather than hexane solvent system. The recovery of DEP, DprP, DBP, DPP, BBP, DEHP, DCHP and DEHA were 72.7, 85.9, 91.4, 97.1, 100.8, 103.2, 104.3 and 95.8% after 4 time extractions, respectively. The migration of plasticizers from PVC wraps into PVC wrap covered Jjambbong was conducted after shaking(120 rpm) for 30min at room temperature with chosen solvent system. It was found that the migration level of DEHA were 577, 706, 770 mg/kg into Jjambbong, respectively, while the other plasticizers were not observed.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.179-193
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• 2003

The braid-permutation group is a group of welded braids which is the extension of Artin's braid groups by the symmetric groups. It is also described as a subgroup of the automorphism group of a free group. We also show that the plus-construction of the classifying space of the infinite braid-permutation group has the following two types of splittings BBP(equation omitted) B∑(equation omitted) $\times$ X, BBP(equation omitted) B $^{＋}$$\times$ Y＝S$^1$$\times$Y, where X, Y are some spaces.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 2004

A procedure based on solid phase microextraction extraction(SPME)-GC/MS has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of plasticizers. The plasticizers investigated in this study are dimethyl phthalate(DMP), diethyl phthalate(DEP), dibutyl phthalate(DBP), benzylbutyl phthalate(BBP), diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate(DnOP). The limit of detection(LOD) was 0.163~0.299 with relative standard deciation(RSD) of 5.85~15.80% for these compounds. At water reserviors of Han, Geum, Nakdong and Sumjin rivers, only DBPand DEHP were detected at trace level, 0.192~1.270 ng/ml for DBP and 0.077~1.102 ng/ml for DEHP depending on the river.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.486-495
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• 2017

Collaborative Filtering is limited because of the cost that is required to perform the recommendation (such as the time complexity and space complexity). The RFWBP (Rating Frequency Weight-based Baseline Predictor) that approximates the precision of the existing methods is one of the efficiency methods to reduce the cost. But, the following issues need to be considered regarding the RFWBP: 1) It does not reduce the error because the RFWBP does not learn for the recommendation, and 2) it recommends all of the items because there is no condition for an appropriate recommendation list when only the RFWBP is used for the achievement of efficiency. In this paper, the BBP (Bias-Based Predictor) is proposed to solve these problems. The BBP reduces the error range, and it determines some of the cases to make an appropriate recommendation list, thereby forging a recommendation list for each case.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.53-60
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• 2013

This paper proposed visualization tool for motion of snowboarding using Skeleton data obtained by the Microsoft's Kinect sensor. The BBP(Balanced Body Position) posture is a most basic motion in the Snowboarding. This posture is the primary technology for stable turns. The implementation of visualization tool to analyse the BBP posture of snowboard. comparative analysis with standard postures to the ankles, knees, hips and spine angle of joints and body tracking using coordinate information obtained by the Kinect Sensor. Analysis of the final results of the screen through the OpenGL library. This research result could be used to analysis for turn postures of snowboarding.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2000

Phthalate esters are used extensively as a plasticizer in the manufacture of plastic products such as PVC bags and medical devices. Recently, phthalate esters have been shown to induce endocrine system mediated responses. However. only a Jew studies have been conducted for estrogenic activity of phthalate esters. In this study estrogenic activities of seven phthalate esters. butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-butylphthalate (DBP), diethylphthalate (DEP), di-n-pentylphthalate (DPP), di-n-propylphthalate (DPrP) and dicyclohexylphthalate (DCHP), were examined in vitro using E-screen assay and competitive binding assay. From the E-screen assay, BBP. DEHP. DBP and DEP showed weak estrogenic activity at the concentration of 5 $\mu\textrm{M}$. The relative proliferative effect (RPE) and the relative proliferative potency (RPP) were 50~70% and 0.01%. respectively, when compared with 500 pM of 17$\beta$-estradiol (E2). In competitive binding assay with the rat uterine estrogen receptor (ER), BBP and DEP showed weak binding potency ［(l/$10^4$~1/$10^5$ of E2］ while DEHP and DBP scarcely bound to ER. These results suggest that some phthalate esters have weak estrogenic activities in vitro.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.863-875
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• 2005

Bovine bone-derived bone substitutes are widely used for treatment of bone defects in dental and orthopedic regenerative surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the basic characteristics of deproteinized bovine bone mineral as a bone graft substitute. Commercially available products from three different bovine bone minerals-Bio-Oss(GeistlichPharma, Switzerland), BBP(Oscotec. Korea), Osteograf/N-300(Dentsply Friadent Ceramed, USA) - were investigated. They were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDS), surface area analysis(BET), and Kjeldahl protein analysis. Cell viability on different products was evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. The results of this study indicated that each bone substitute displayed distinct surface properties. Furthermore, Kjeldahl protein analysis indicated that residual crude proteins are present in deproteinized bovine bone mineral. BBP showed relatively large amount of residual protein, which indicated that the possibility of disease transmission can not be safely ruled out. Based on the results of this study, it is suggested that active quality management is strongly needed in operations that involve processing bovine bone tissue for medical use.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.443-452
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• 2014

In this study, we assessed the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of cookies containing various concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%) of baekbokrung powder(BBP). To analyze quality characteristics, density and pH of dough, spread factor, moisture content, color(L, a, b), hardness, total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and sensory properties were measured. Moisture content, a value, hardness, total polyphenol content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the cookies significantly increased with increasing content of BBP, whereas pH and density of the dough, spread factor, L and b value of the cookies significantly decreased. The results of sensory properties showed that cookies made with 3% and 6% BBP did not differ significantly from the control, in color, taste and overall quality. Texture scores for the 3% and 6% BBP group ranked significantly higher than those of the other groups. Taken together, the result of this study suggest that BBP is a good ingredient for increasing the consumer acceptability and functionality of cookies.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.5-13
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• 2024

This paper investigates the stabilization feasibility of contaminated sediment contaminated with benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) using acid/base-modified activated carbon. The efficiency of stabilizers was evaluated by analyzing the impact of the activated carbon on the decomposition and adsorption of the contaminant, along with the biological effects on earthworms. Additionally, the contaminant migration was monitored with the BBP concentration in pore water using low-density polyethylene. The research results indicated that the accumulated concentration of BBP was approximately 2% lower in the experimental group applying a 5% mixture ratio of modified activated carbon compared to the group applying a 10% mixture ratio. The leaching into water was reduced by over 18% in all experimental conditions after 7-day exposure period. Over 25% reduction was observed after 28-day exposure. The pore water concentrations were measured. After 7 days of exposure, the mechanically mixed experimental group exhibited a higher pore water stabilization rate compared to the biologically mixed group. Within the mechanically mixed group, the experimental group with 10% mixture of modified activated carbon showed a 1% higher stabilization rate than the group with 5% mixture. After 28 days of exposure, the biologically mixed experimental group demonstrated a higher pore water stabilization rate compared to the mechanically mixed group. Moreover, within the biologically mixed group, the experimental group with 10% mixture of modified activated carbon showed approximately 0.1% higher stabilization rate than the group with 5% mixture.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2008

A bid-based pool(BBP) model is representative of energy market structure in a number of restructured electricity markets. Supply function equilibrium(SFE) models of interaction better match what is explicitly required in the bid formats of typical BBP markets. Many of the results in the SFE literature involve restrictive parametrization of the bid cost functions. In the SFE models, two parameters, intercept and slope, are available for strategic bidding. This paper addresses the realistic competition format that players can choose both parameters arbitrarily. In a fixed demand function, equilibrium conditions for generation company's profit maximization have a degree of freedom, which induces multi-equilibrium. So it is hard to choose a convergent equilibrium. However, consideration of stochastic demand function makes the equilibrium conditions independent each other based on the amount of variance of stochastic demand function. This variance provides the bidding players with incentives to change the slope parameter from an equilibrium for a fixed demand function until the slope parameter equilibrium.