• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.33-40
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to improve social protection and benefits for pregnant women with the usage of LED care emblem. The study was conducted in the Seoul Metro by two research assistants on January 20th to 30th, 2015. One of subjects wore the LED care emblem and the other was present to record the data. An experiment was carried out total 60 times by wearing LED care emblem in 2 positions ((a) necklace and (b) bag), and 3 usages of Light ((1) Constant light, (2) No light which is like existing care emblem, and (3) blinking light at one-second intervals). Experimental results show there was a significant difference depending on the type of light. Mostly seat offering was the type of light (1) Constant light and it has 8 times (13.4%). The type of light (3) blinking light at one-second intervals has only 2 times (3.4%) seat offering. However, there were no seat offerings at the type of light (2) No light. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in wearing position, time, the number of people in the train and gender. This study suggests that it is necessary to make LED care emblem with constant light in order to induce spontaneous seat offering.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1095-1102
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• 2010

Soy sprouts with Pungsannamulkong stored in covered polypropylene container with water(PCSS) or polypropylene film bag without water(PBSS) at $4^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Changes in weight, instrumental textural hardness, color values and sensory attributes of soy sprouts were evaluated after 2, 4 and 7 day storage. Storage caused slight weight losses in PBSS, but not in PCSS. In the courses of storage the hardness of the heads decreased, while the stems maintained their hardness. The effect of storage periods on surface color changes were also determined. The stems of soy sprouts in PCSS had higher L values when stored for over 2 days. The b values of the stems in both PCSS and PBSS increased after over 2 day storage. The higher b values in the stems were found when kept in PBSS for 2 or 4 days, indicating more yellowish color. On the other hand, the heads and stems of soy sprouts had light green color. The soy sprouts in PCSS became greener with storage, but there was only small increase in greenness. Sensory panels perceived that the overall acceptability of soy sprouts decreased with storage. The overall acceptability of soy sprouts when kept in PCSS for 7 days were not as good as that of soy sprouts in PCSS for 4 days, although soy sprouts in PCSS had a significantly higher overall acceptability than those in PBSS when stored over 4 days(p<0.05). Therefore, PCSS could be possible to keep soy sprouts with good overall acceptability when stored 4 days at $4^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.83 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 1994

Studies were made to find out the mycelial growth and rotting characteristics of 91 Lentinus edodes isolates collected or hybridized in Korea and abroad, and their adaptability to bag-culture. The results are as follows. 1. There were little differences in mycelial growth at PDA and oak (Quercus mongolica) sawdust-based medium, and rotting among high-, mid- and low temperature types of L. edodes isolates. But, the fruit yield of high-temperature type was much higher than those of the other two types. The fruit yields of the isolates in the same strain group were apparently different. 2. From the sawdust-based culture of 91 isolates, FRI 221, FRI 208 and FRI 169 were selected as excellent strains in yield and Quality, showing fruiting of 157g, 152g and 119g per 1kg-medium, respectively. 3. Attempts to culture in various media with different substrates resulted in almost same fruit yields, and the yield was proportional to medium weights as 2.5kg-medium showed 2.5 times more yield than 1kg-medium. Fruit yields were different according to incubation periods and the period of little more than 100days was best. 4. When the correlation analyses among mycelial growth, rotting ability, yield and fruit-shape normality were made with the 91 isolates, mycelial growth at sawdust-based medium showed highly positive correlation with that at PDA, while fruit yield was negatively correlated with mycelial growth in PDA and sawdust-based medium.

• Journal of Korean Historical Folklife
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• no.46
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• pp.195-237
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• 2014

Palsapum are ornaments to reveal the purpose of commander of three naval forces as well as symbols to remember the greatness of admiral Yi, Sun-Shin. In 1966, ther were designated as a treasure No. 440 based on their value; however, they have not received attention from academia because they are relics from China. This study compares and analyzes the document, paintings, and relevant references from Korea and China focusing on Palsapum, understands their formal characteristics, and examines their historical value such as years and location of creation. As a result, the study determines five of them are original, but three of them were newly created by the later generations. The five, Dodogin (都督印, Commander's seal)·Yeongpae (令牌, Commander's tablet)·Gwido (鬼刀, Replica of the devil sword)·Chamdo (斬刀, Replica of the decapitation swor d)·and Gognapal (bugle) were created by Ming Dynasty before 1598, and delivered by the hands of General Chen Lin. The other three, Dokjeongi (督戰 旗, Battle flag)·Hongsoryeonggi (紅小令旗, Commander's flag)·and Namsoryeonggi (藍小令旗, Commander's flag), were created in 19th century by Joseon Dynasty. After analysis on the former relics, the study determines that they are not official relics with the dignity of Ming Dynasty but personal relics with regional characteristics; in other words, Palsamun are not the royal gifts from Emperor Shenzong to Admiral Yi, Sun-Shin. but personal momentoes left by General Chen Lin in the Tongjeyoung to celebrate the admiral. The names, variety, numbers, and appurtenances of Palsapum have been changed with time as follows. First, the scholars of Jeseon in 17the century only focused on Dodogin. It was certainly created in Ming Dynasty; however, it was a personal stamp, so considered to be not from the emperor but from General Chen Lin. Second, Palsapum was called Palsamul and consisted of 14 pieces of 8 kinds in 18the century, ; it is confirmed on the 「Dosul(圖說, stories with pictures of」 『Yi Chungmugong Literary Collection』 The sizes of five relics including Dodogin are similar to the records, but their patterns and shapes are exotic, or cannot be found in Joseon. Thus, they reflect the regional characteristics of Guangdong province. Third, they were called Palsapum, and consisted on 15 pieces of 8 kinds in 19th century; it is confirmed on , a sixteen-fold folding screen drawn by Shin, Gwan-Ho in 1861. The stamp box, tablet bag, and three flags were newly created to engrave Joseon style letters and patterns on damageable materials such as leather and cloth. The relics easy to be destroyed have been renewed even after 19th century. Last, there are many misunderstandings about Palsapum by governmental indifference and improper management of records even though they were designated as a treasure in very early times. Thus, authorities should be concerned with Palsapum to provide the measures for stable maintenance of the relics; this will let people remember not only the history of cooperation between Korea and China to stop the Japanese ambition, but also Admiral Yi, Sun-Shin and General Chen Lin to bring victory in Japanese invasions of Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.930-940
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate changes in nutritional value and in situ dry matter (DM) degradability of oak and pine wood before and after steam-digestion process (60 min/160℃/6 atm) and feeding effect of the oak roughage on performance and behavior of Hanwoo steers. Methods: Chemical composition and tannin concentration were analyzed for oak and pine trees before and after the pretreatment. In situ DM and effective degradability of these samples were assessed using a nylon bag method. In vivo trial was performed to estimate animal performance and behavior, using steers fed total mixed ration (TMR) diets containing 0% (control), 25% (OR-25), and 50% (OR-50) of the oak roughage. Eighteen steers were allocated into nine pens (2 steers/pen, 3 pens/treatment) for 52 days according to body weight (BW) and age. Results: By the steam-digestion treatment, the neutral detergent-insoluble fiber was decreased from 86.5% to 71.5% for oak and from 92.4% to 80.5% for pine, thereby increasing non-fiber carbohydrate. In situ DM degradability of treated oak reached 38% at 72 h, whereas that of untreated oak was only 11.9%. The 0 h degradability of the treated pine increased from 5.9% to 12.1%, but the degradability was unchanged thereafter. Animal performance including BW, average daily gain, DM intake, and feed conversion ratio was not different among control and oak treatments. No differences were detected in animal behavior such as lying, standing, rumination, drinking, and eating, except walking. Walking was higher in control than oak treatments with numerically higher eating and lower lying times, probably due to bulkier characteristics of rice straw in the diet. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the oak roughage can be substituted for 50% of total forage or 100% of rice straw in TMR diets at early fattening stage of Hanwoo steers.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.6-12
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• 1988

To improve the individual packaging method and extend the shelf life of mackerel (Scomber japonicus), salted and unsalted mackerel fillets were packaged in laminated plastic film bag (Nylon/PE: $20{\mu}m/40{\mu}m,\;12{\times}15$ cm) filled with $CO_2$ gas, in vacuum, and stored at O and/or $5^{\circ}C$. The other samples were packaged in plastic foam trays, overwrapped with oxygen permeable film (control), and stored at same temperature. Volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), trimethylamine (TMA), histamine (HM) and viable cell counts (VCC) were progressed with the increasing of storage time, but thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values decreased gradually after reaching at a maximum peak in 5-9 days. Judging from 4 chemical components, VBN was the most available component in quality judgement of mackerel fillets and its upper limiting content was 25 mg%. Regression equation for shelf life prediction of mackerel fillets with sensory evaluation and VBN component was determined.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1971

The Korean rice, Nonglim # 6 was milled into brown rice and 92% polished one and packed with the kraft paper bags. The sample, bags were irradiated with the respective doses of 30, 50, 600 and 800 Krad and then were stored at $10^{\circ}C$ and 75% RH. Changes of fat acidity, amylase activity, viscosity of thus irradiated rice were examined during storage. The results were as follows. 1) Fat acidity increased slightly in the range of $30{\sim}50$ Krad but remarkably in the range of $600{\sim}800$ Krad. However, the rate of increase was low in comparison with the storage under the room temperature. 2) The amylase activity of both the low dose lot and the control decreased in the same rate during the storage. However the high dose lot had more remarkable decrease of the amylase activity from the beginning. 3) The viscosity by Brabender amylogram showed the slightly decreasing tendency in both the low $30{\sim}50$ Krad lot and the control lot of the polished rice powder during storage. On the other hand, the high dose lot of 600 or 800 Krad marked the similar decreasing rate but by far the lower values of the viscosity. 4) The results of the organoleptic test presented no differences between the low dose lot and the control lot, but the high dose lot and the control lot differed significantly only in the color.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2013

The stored-product insects have been a serious problem during the entire process of distribution on the food industry. Especially, the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella) is one of stored-product insects which causes harm through penetrating into the food packaging. The objective of this study was to develop the anti-insect packaging material with fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) oil (FO). The FO has been selected for insecticidal substance against P. interpunctella, which was tested by fumigant toxicity assay. An anti-insect sachet was prepared by FO and filterpaper placed in a small paper bag. Repellent test was performed to evaluate the repellent activity of anti-insect sachet. In addition, the controlled release of FO from the anti-insect sachet was determined at $28^{\circ}C$ by gas chromatography (GC). It was demonstrated that FO was an effective substance against P. interpunctella. The mortality of FO was 56% at 800 mg/0.5 L in 120 h. In repellent test, the FO sachet showed effective repellency against P. interpunctella. The developed anti-insect sachet could be a promising source for insect repellent materials in food packaging.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.250-253
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• 2002

The post harvest treatment of barley had many hard work steps, such as drying, cleaning, and packing. This is a reason why farmer doesn't like to cultivate barley. This study was conducted to investigate the optimum post harvest management of bulk-harvested barley using rice processing complex (RPC). Bulk-harvested barley was stored to 61.1% after 6pm at RPC. Grain moisture contents of bulk-harvested barley differed from storing date, farmer household, and field. Required dry hours were different with grain moistures contents. The average dry hour was 9.5 hours per 10a and dry rate was 0.89%. The proportion of impurity removed by coarse cleaning differed from grain moisture contents, as higher grain moisture content made impurity rate increase up to 38.9%. Cost of drying of bulk-harvested barley was 50won per ㎏ at above 24% of grain moisture contents, and the average dry cost was 41.25 won/㎏ and 14,400won/10a. The 62% of barley treated was stored in indoor-grain bin, and the others packed in 500 ㎏-poly con bag were stored in warehouse insulated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.1692-1703
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• 2008

On 2008, China comes to be an era of opening the market for 30 years, being both the 4th economically biggest country and 2nd ranked clothing export country in the world. China plays a huge consuming market for the world, along with the competition arena for the numerous world fashion brands while more than 100 kinds of Korean fashion ones being launched into the China. By applying the analysis and investigation of preferred street style. in local area to the development of fashion items and design, the synergistic effect of university and industrial corporation might also be expected. This study aims to provide the basic resources for the development of fashion design on behalf of the Korean fashion brands launched into China and moreover to anticipate the requirement on the part of Chinese consumers by way of understanding the preferred fashion styles, through analysis and investigation of the street fashion in Dalian, northeastern area of China. Conclusively, in terms of clothing style, 80.5% of casual style and 19.5% of formal style were notified. The jean casual, and easy casual being dominant in the former, feminine style in the later. In view of the high frequency of T-shirt, sleeveless on the top, full-length pants and 7/9 length pants on the bottom. The simple and cool style seems to be favored, making them easy through the hot summer. The upper clothes exposed in body part of back, chest and shoulder, were frequently shown. In light of colours. white, black, red were preferred on top, blue and black were preferred on bottom. To deal with accessories, the shoulder bag mostly preferred among bags, the sandal, slippers, snickers in sequential order among shoes, the hair pins and rubber band(tied or, held up style), in hair accessories. Other items of hat, belt, and sunglasses, which could give a point to the summer style, were identified low frequency.