• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.29.1-29.12
• /
• 2022

Several studies have shown associations between irinotecan toxicity and UGT1A genetic variations in colorectal and lung cancer, but only limited data are available for gastric cancer patients. We evaluated the frequencies of UGT1A polymorphisms and their relationship with clinicopathologic parameters in 382 Korean gastric cancer patients. Polymorphisms of UGT1A1*6, UGT1A1*27, UGT1A1*28, UGT1A1*60, UGT1A7*2, UGT1A7*3, and UGT1A9*22 were genotyped by direct sequencing. In 98 patients treated with irinotecan-containing regimens, toxicity and response were compared according to the genotype. The UGT1A1*6 and UGT1A9*22 genotypes showed a higher prevalence in Korean gastric cancer patients, while the prevalence of the UG1A1*28 polymorphism was lower than in normal Koreans, as has been found in other studies of Asian populations. The incidence of severe diarrhea after irinotecan-containing treatment was more common in patients with the UGT1A1*6, UGT1A7*3 and UGT1A9*22 polymorphisms than in controls. The presence of the UGT1A1*6 allele also showed a significant association with grade III-IV neutropenia. Upon haplotype and diplotype analyses, almost every patient bearing the UGT1A1*6 or UGT1A7*3 variant also had the UGT1A9*22 polymorphism, and all severe manifestations of UGT1A polymorphism-associated toxicity were related to the UGT1A9*22 polymorphism. By genotyping UGT1A9*22 polymorphisms, we could identify high-risk gastric cancer patients receiving irinotecan-containing chemotherapy, who would experience severe toxicity. When treating high-risk patients with the UGT1A9*22 polymorphism, clinicians should closely monitor them for signs of toxicity such as severe diarrhea or neutropenia.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.302-324
• /
• 2022

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate exposure to occupational carcinogens in the nationwide electronics industries and to establish a strategy for control of occupational carcinogens in South Korea. Methods: We evaluated occupational carcinogens as defined by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) using a nationwide work environment measurement database on the electronics industry in South Korea measured between 2013 and 2017 in accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Results: The number of occupational carcinogens found in the electronics industry in South Korea were: 20 for IARC Group 1, 14 for Group 2A, and 30 for Group 2B. The occupational carcinogens (Group 1) most frequently exposed were strong-inorganic-acid mists containing sulfuric acid (sulfuric acid), welding fumes, mineral oils (untreated or mildly treated), nickel compounds, silica dust, crystalline substances in the form of quartz or cristobalite, formaldehyde, arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds, chromium (VI) compounds, trichloroethylene, cadmium and cadmium compounds, vinyl chloride, ethylene oxide, wood dust, beryllium and beryllium compounds, 1,3 butadiene, benzene, and others. Among them, the carcinogens (Group 1) exceeding the acceptable standard were trichloroethylene, formaldehyde, and ethylene oxide. The working environment measurement system as regulated by Occupational Safety and Health Act is not properly assessed and managed for occupational carcinogens in South Korea. A component analysis for all materials used should be set up to practically reduce occupational carcinogens. A ban on the use of occupational carcinogens and the development of alternative materials are needed. The occupational carcinogens below the acceptable standards should be carefully examined and a new standard for exposure needs to be established. Conclusions: The Occupational Safety and Health Act should be improved to identify and monitor occupational carcinogens at work sites. A strategy for occupational safety and health systems should be provided to give direction to workers' needs and right to know.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.32 no.11
• /
• pp.496-507
• /
• 2022

For the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia (NH₃-SCR), a V₂O₅WO₃/TiO₂ (VW/nTi) catalyst was prepared using V₂O₅ and WO₃ on a nanodispersed TiO₂ (nTi) support by simple impregnation process. The nTi support was dispersed for 0~3 hrs under controlled bead-milling in ethanol. The average particle size (D₅₀) of nTi was reduced from 582 nm to 93 nm depending on the milling time. The NOx activity of these catalysts with maximum temperature shift was influenced by the dispersion of the TiO₂. For the V_0.5W₂/nTi-0h catalyst, prepared with 582 nm nTi-0h before milling, the decomposition temperature with over 94 % NOx conversion had a narrow temperature window, within the range of 365-391 ℃. Similarly, the V_0.5W₂/nTi-2h catalyst, prepared with 107 nm nTi-2h bead-milled for 2hrs, showed a broad temperature window in the range of 358~450 ℃. However, the V_0.5W₂/Ti catalyst (D₅₀ = 2.4 ㎛, aqueous, without milling) was observed at 325-385 ℃. Our results could pave the way for the production of effective NOx decomposition catalysts with a higher temperature range. This approach is also better at facilitating the dispersion on the support material. NH₃-TPD, H₂-TPR, FT-IR, and XPS were used to investigate the role of nTi in the DeNOx catalyst.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.294-299
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data on the safety of Poria cocos, a major Korean herbal medicine, and to establish tolerance levels for hazardous substances. Residual pesticides (321 types), heavy metals (7 types), radioactivity (3 types), and ash content were analyzed in 10 Poria cocos products distributed in Korea (5 domestic and 5 in China). Of the residual pesticides, cypermethrin was detected at 0.03 mg/kg in one domestic sample and was below the standard value. Of the heavy metals, the levels of Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Hg, and Cr were below the standard values in all samples. Hg was not detected in any sample. Cd was detected at 0.011 mg/kg in one Chinese sample. The radioactivity concentration was also below the MDA value in all P. cocos samples. The ash content was less than the standard value of 1.0% in all P. cocos samples. The findings indicate that P. cocos distributed in Korea is safe. However, because P. cocos is always exposed to harmful substances because of the nature of its cultivation in the soil, it seems necessary to establish systematic management standards for the entire production stage, such as cultivation, storage, and distribution.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.283-288
• /
• 1982

This experiment was carried out to improve the cultural practices of seedlings and to investigate the proper planting density in aromatic tobacco, Sohang. Two different cultural practices of seedling were employed; Temporary transplanting (TT; Conventional practices) and non temporary transplanting (N.T.). Vinyl pot sizes were $3.5cm{\times}3.5cm, \;4cm{\times}4cm$ and $5cm{\times}5cm$ Plants per hole were 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. There were little difference among the vinyl pot sizes in all characters except the survival ratio. But it may be little problem on cultural practices by 7 plants per hole in $5cm\times$5cm vinyl pot. There were not significant in price per kg, yield per 10a and value per 10a between two cultural practices of seedlings and among three pot sizes. Mildness and filling power were increased by increasing the plants per hole. Combustibility of 5-9 plants were better than those of 1-3 plants per hole. The growing of 6 seedlings per hole in $5cm\times$5cm vinyl pot by non temporary transplanting resulted the best cultural practices for an aromatic tobacco, Sohyang.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 1988

This experiment was carried out to obtain the basic information for the improving of leaf quality by topping time and depth in flue-cured tobacco. Development of palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma were in order of button stage＆gt;early flower stage＆gt;late flower stage by topping time, and were in order of 4th leaf topping from floral axis＆gt;2nd leaf topping from floral axis＆gt;floral axis by topping depth. When 2nd leaf from floral axis were topped at late flower stage in A grade field and at early flower stage in B grade field, total sugar to nicotine ratio ralating to organoleptic characteristics were desirable as 9.0 and 9.7, and petroleum ether extract contents relating flavor of flue-cured tobacco were high as 9.9% and 8.4%, respectively. In ecological tissue, percentage of direct effect on quality were 43.2% in palisade parenchyma. 26.5% in spongy parechyma. 17.7% in tissue ratio, 6.7% in leaf thickness, 3.1% in intercellular space, 2.8% in leaf type and in chemical components, were 40.6% in nicotine. 35.7% in T-sugar/nicotine, 10.0% in total sugar, 7.0% in T-nitrogen/nicotine, 4.6% in total nitrogen, 2.1% in petroleum ether extract. The optimum topping depth were desirable at topping under second leaf from floral axis at late flower stage in A grade field and at early flower stage in B grade field for good leaf quality.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.55-78
• /
• 2023

The fringe pattern obtained through a DHM (Digital Holographic Microscopy) contains the thickness information of the sample. However, there is a disadvantage that the data capacity is large. Therefore, a compression method that can reduce the data size while minimizing damage to the thickness information of the sample contained in the fringe pattern is required. This paper presents the phase compression method and confirmed through experiments that the phase compression method is more efficient that the fringe pattern compression method used in JPEG Pleno Holography. As a result of evaluation using RMSE, BD-Rate and PSNR the phase compression method showed up to 92.39% improvement in performance than the fringe pattern compression method. In addition, experiment were conducted under various conditions to compare and analyze the compression performance for each condition. In the case of the fringe pattern compression method, it includes not only the phase information for calculating the thickness of the sample but also other information, whereas the phase compression method compresses only the phase information after removing unnecessary information from the fringe pattern. It is judged to have high performance.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.33-44
• /
• 2023

Wind power is one of the most efficient and reliable energy sources in the transition to a low-carbon society. In particular, offshore wind power provides a high-quality and stable wind resource compared to onshore wind power while both present a higher installed capacity than other renewables. In this paper, we present our new program, the X-WIND program well suitable for the assessment of the substructure of offshore wind turbines. We have developed this program to increase the usability of analysis programs for offshore wind energy substructures by addressing the shortcomings of existing programs. Unlike the existing programs which cannot solely perform the substructure analyses or lack pre-post processors, our X-WIND program can complete the assessment analysis for the offshore wind turbines alone. The X-WIND program is embedded in AutoCAD so that both design and analysis are performed on a single platform. This also performs static and dynamic analysis for wind, wave, and current loads, essential for offshore wind power structures, and includes pre/post processors for designs, mesh developments, graph plotting, and code checking. With this expertise, our program enhances the usability of analysis programs for offshore wind energy substructures, promoting convenience and efficiency.

• Women's Studies Review
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.3-42
• /
• 2011

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of transnational cigarette companies' strategies to expand the female market in Korea after the market opening of 1988. Focusing on 'Virginia Slims' and 'Finesse', which are the PM and BAT's representative female brands, this study explores whether their typical advertising strategies were transformed in Korean market. After 3years from the market opening, 'Virginia Slims' gave up its brand identity and the strategy was so successful that 'Virginia Slims' continued to be 2nd best-selling brand in the imported cigarette market in Korea. In contrast, 'Finesse' maintained a typical women's cigarette image during the 1990s and consequently occupied the highest brand awareness as a female cigarette but lower market share than Virginia Slims. TTCs adapted to a doubly obstructed Korea market with its strong taboo against female smoking and a comparatively stronger legal ban on all cigarette ads targeting women. However, diverse indirect cigarette ads and promotions, which circumvented regulations, suggest that ads transforming was not to give up Korean female customers. Furthermore, the cigarette ads that the soft and mild taste of female brands are associated with healthy image rather than gendered image may appeal to Korean women without touching their emotions and desires.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.50-71
• /
• 2022

After the declaration of the Covid-19 pandemic impacted most of the industries resulting economic fallout. Firms sought for solutions of governments regulations to prevent spread of infectious diseases. This led to demand rise of digital layer and spectrums of virtual reality. Replacing the reality in to virtual and interactions with the digital contents by augmented reality, the consequences were decrement of human-to-human contact. Concerns of Covid-19 and public interests of digital solutions has led to significant amounts of research and developments of Virtual/Augment Reality resulted to driven up new terms of extended reality. However, the uses in industries and the characteristics of the extended reality are currently not defined. In this paper the goal is to define and classify the uses and characteristics of extended reality based on previous researches suggested by research institute. By developing a new classification models of extended realities core technology, uses of industries and utility to analyze trends of extended reality. Two separate classification models of uses of industries and utility will be used as a tool by creating a linkage matrix. The x-axis is divided by utiliy classification model of extended reality. The y-axis are divided into classification model of uses in industries. This matrix will be used as a tool to present a guideline for industry-utility development where extended reality can be served as a service