• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.250-256
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• 2004

In this work we have cultivated several B. cereus strains in a complex LB medium in order to study the production of phospholipase C (PLC), and among them B. cereus 318 showed the highest productivity of PLC. Some components, i.e., 5 g/L glucose, 5 g/L yeast extract, 5 g/L peptone, 0.5∼1.0 g/L K$_2$HPO$_4$, 0.02∼0.04 g/L ZnSO$_4$$.$7H$_2$O and 3 g/L NaHCO$_3$ were found to be optimal for the high production of PLC by B. cereus 318. Optimal culture temperature and pH were found to be 30$^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.5 for the PLC production, respectively. Optimum reaction temperature and pH of the PLC produced by B. cereus 11 and 318 were 45$^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.0, while they were 50$^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0 for the PLC by B. cereus 559. The PLC produced by B. cereus was activated by Mn$\^$2+/, Co$\^$2+/ and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), but its activity was inhibited by Cu$\^$2+/ and partially by glycerol, isopropanol and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.86-91
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• 1963

Crystal A and B were isolated from L. pseudo-leave Nakai and their pharmacological action was observed. Crystal A, in dose of 5 * $10^{-4}$ - 5 * $10^{-5}g/ml$, stimulated excised frog heat but at 2.5 * $10^{-6}$ - 0.5 * $10^{-5}g/ml$ of crystal B, depressant effect was observed. Mild stimulation of rhythmicity of exercised rabbit intestine was produced by 1 * $10^{-4}$ g/ml of crystal A and 2 * $10^{-4}g/ml$ of crystal B. Marked depression of tone was produced by 2 * $10^{-4}g/ml$ of crystal A, antagonizing by pilocarpine. Crystal B(4 * $10^{-4}gm/l)produced$ mild stimulation, followed by depression of tone. No curare-like action on excised frog abdominal muscle was elicited with both substances.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2020

Purpose: To compare the clinical features, diagnostic findings, and medications of children with infrequent bowel movements or fecal soiling. Methods: This study enrolled 333 children (189 male; age range, 1 month to 18 years) diagnosed with functional constipation by Rome III or IV criteria. We classified them into 3 groups (infrequent bowel movement without fecal soiling [G3-a], infrequent bowel movement with fecal soiling [G3-b], and fecal soiling only [G3-c]) and into 2 subgroups of fecal soiling (G2-b) or not (G2-a). Retrospective data on clinical characteristics, colon transit time (CTT) test results, and medications were collected. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: The median age (months) and interquartile range (IQR) was 33 (45) in G3-a, 54 (40) in G3-b, and 73 (48) in G3-c (p<0.0001). G3-c had the latest onset (median, 18; IQR, 18; p=0.0219) and longest symptom duration (24 [24], p=0.0148). PEG 4000 was used in 60.6% (G3-a), 96.8% (G3-b), and 83.2% (G3-c) of patients (p<0.0001). The median age (months) and IQR were 33.0 (45.0) in G2-a and 63.5 (52.5) in G2-b (p<0.0001). G2-b had later onset (median, 12; IQR, 19.5; p=0.0062) and longer symptom duration than G2-a (24 [12], p=0.0070). PEG 4000 was used in 60.6% (G2-a) and 88.3% (G2-b) of children (p<0.0001). No statistically significant intergroup differences were seen in maintenance laxative dose, CTT, or CTT type. Conclusion: Infrequent bowel movement and fecal soiling represent the advanced stage of chronic functional constipation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.947-952
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of grape juice on colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and expression of NF-kB, iNOS and TNF-${\alpha}$. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups: G1, control; G2, 15 mg/kg AOM; G3, 1% grape juice 2 weeks before AOM; G4, 2% grape juice 2 weeks before AOM; G5, 1% grape juice 4 weeks after AOM; G6, 2% grape juice 4 weeks after AOM; G7, 2% grape juice without AOM. Histological changes and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were studied, while RNA expression of NF-kB, TNF- and iNOS was evaluated by qPCR. Results: The number of ACF was higher in G2, and G4 presented a smaller number of crypts per focus than G5 (p=0.009) and G6. Small ACF (1-3) were more frequent in G4 compared to G2, G5 and G6 (p=0.009, p=0.009 and p=0.041, respectively). RNA expression of NF-kB was lower in G3 and G4 compared to G2 (p=0.004 and p=0.002, respectively). A positive correlation was observed between TNF-${\alpha}$ and NF-kB gene expression (p=0.002). In conclusion, the administration of 2% grape juice before AOM reduced the crypt multiplicity, attenuating carcinogenesis. Lower expression of NF-kB was observed in animals exposed to grape juice for a longer period of time, regardless of concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 1979

The consumption of catchup is increasing due to the raising of income level and food industry and westernization of dietary life followed by economic growth. In this paper I picked up three kinds of food produced by two foreign food companies and three kinds of food by two domestic companies. The average results by experimentation on the nutritive ingredients and the standard quality was as follows; A. Nutritve ingredients; 1) Water content a) Domestic 68.3% b) Foreign 69.1% 2) Protein content a) Domestic 2.2 g b) Foreign 2.1 g 3) Fat content a) Domestic 0.1 g b) Foreign 0.1 g 4) Carbohydrate content a) Domestic 25.1 g b) Foreign 24.6 g 5) Mineral content (Ash) a) Domestic 4.4 g b) Foreign 3.9 g 6) Calcium content a) Domestic 33.5 mg b) Foreign 24.2 mg 7) Phosphorus content a) Domestic 16.1 mg b) Foreign 24.2 mg 8) Vitamin C content a) Domestic 14.6mg b) Foreign 16.0 mg B. Standard quality 1) Remains after evaporation a) Domestic 41.7% b) Foreign 38.4% 2) Free mineral acid content a) Domestic none b) Foreign none 3) Tar chromatophore a) Domestic $trace(Acid)^+$ b) Foreign none 4) Heavy metalic $elements^*$ 5) Sodium chloride content a) Domestic 3.3% b) Foreign 3.3% 6) pH level a) Domestic 3.83 b) Foreign 3.76 + The tar chromatophore elements could not be accurately measured by chromatography. * The heavy metalic elements were both under safety levels in the domestic and foreign products.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.338-344
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• 2010

Our paper shows the results of 302 samples of herb medicines about fungal contamination at Yakyeang markets in Seoul. The sample medicines were treated VICAM pretreatment and analysed by post column derivatisation procedure(PHRED-HPLC) with a fluorescence detector. Aflatoxin B1 was founded from 50.3% of samples, aflatoxin B2 was 39.7%, aflatoxin G1 was 21.2% and aflatoxin G2 was 23.5%. The detected ranges of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2 were from 0.1 to $57.2\;{\mu}g/kg$, 0.1 to $42.6\;{\mu}g/kg$, 0.1 to $23.5\;{\mu}g/kg$ and 0.1 to $9.5\;{\mu}g/kg$ respectively. Among total samples, 26 samples contained aflatoxin B1 violated the regulation (less than 10 ug/kg) for aflatoxin B1 of KFDA. From the result, we could presumed that more than a half of samples were contaminated by aflatoxins. Therefore, it seems to be necessary that the new safety giudeline will be established aflatoxin B2, G1 and G2 from herb medicines as aflatoxin B1.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.601-606
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• 2020

In this paper, we designed a microstrip patch antenna that can be applied to the Wimax/LTE 5G system among wireless media usable in coastal ships. The substrate of the proposed antenna is FR-4 (er=4.3), the size is 22 mm × 30 mm, and it can be used in the 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands of Wimax/LTE 5G by constructing a simple structure using a microstrip patch antenna. CST Microwave Studio 2014 was used for simulation, and the gain of the simulation result is 2.41dB at 2.4 GHz and 3.96 dB at 3.5 GHz. S-Parameter also showed a result of less than -10 dB (VSWR 2:1) in the desired frequency band, and designed a small variable and a miniaturized antenna so that the antenna can be used in mobile phones or electronic devices.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2001

Amphotericin B (AmB) is a drug of choice for the treatment of systemic fungal diseases, but its use is considerably limited due to a high incidence of toxicity, particularly nephrotoxicity. It has been demonstrated that the toxicity of AmB is caused by self-aggregated species of the drug and that unaggregated (monomeric) drug is nontoxic but still expresses antifungal activity. Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) is a water-soluble polymer, which may impact the aggregation state of AmB. We have studied the aggregation state of AmB as a function of PEO molecular weight and concentration. At 3,000 and 8,000 g/mole, there was minimal or no change of critical aggregation concentration (CAC) of AmB regardless of the concentration of polymer. By contrast at 20,000 g/mole, the CAC of AmB strikingly increased to 24.3 and $37.5\;{\mu}M$ at 5.0% and 10 % w/v of polymer, respectively. The critical overlap concentration (COC) of PEO 20,000 g/mole was 5.5%. It appears that an interaction between monomeric AmB and polymer coil increases above the COC, competing with self-aggregation of the drug. Accordingly, the degree of aggregation of AmB stayed low and the toxicity became less. There was no such effect at 3,000 and 8,000 g/mole of PEO, owing perhaps to small dimensions in comparison to AmB. Based upon these findings, less toxic AmB formulation may be developed by a pharmaceutical technique such as solid dispersion system containing both AmB and PEO 20,000 g/mole.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

This work was carried out to investigate the performance of early laying period of large-type Korean native ducks. One hundred sixty eight ducks were used in this work and divided into A and B strains (6 replications/strain, 14 birds/replication). The days at first egg of A and B strains were the age of 154.5 and 154.7 days, egg weights were 69.1 g and 65.5 g, and body weights were 3,187 g and 3,105 g at the period of laying the first egg, respectively. The days at sexual maturity of A and B strains were the age of 175.8 and 171.5 days, egg weights were 75.2 g and 74.9 g, and body weights were 3,245 g and 3,225 g at the period of laying the first egg, respectively. There were no significant differences on the day of first egg, the day of sexual maturity, egg weight and body weight at first egg and the sexual maturity, average body weight, and daily feed intake between A and B strains (P>0.05). The day of the sexual maturity of B strain was earlier than that of A strain (P<0.05). However, weekly body weight was the highest at the age of 28 weeks (P<0.05), and weekly feed intake increased after 26 weeks old (P<0.05). Egg production (%) of B strain was higher than that of A strain at the age of 22~24 weeks (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference on egg production (%) the other weeks. A number of egg laid of B strain was higher than A strain at 22~24 weeks old (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio of A and B strains were 10.7 and 6.53 at 24~24 weeks old, respectively, so feed conversion ratio of A strain was higher than that of B strain (P<0.05). Weekly feed conversion ratio wes the highest at 20~22 weeks old, and significantly decreased until 24~24 weeks old, but were lowly maintained from the age of 24 weeks to the age of 30 weeks. These results provided the basic data on the record of early laying period of large-type Korean native ducks.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.408-412
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• 2008

This research was designed to investigate the antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibitory effects of guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaf. Total phenol content was obtained from guava leaf extract of 19.0 (g/100g, D.W.). The crude extract exhibited significantly antioxidant activities (IC50value $102.5{\mu}g/ml$, free radical scavenging; $49.4{\mu}g/ml$, SOD like activity). The crude extract of guava leaf was fractionated into four partition layers; hexane (G-H), ethyl acetate (G-E), butanol (G-B) and water (G-W) layer. The extracts of G-E, G-B, G-W showed high radical scavenging activities of over 50% at $100{\mu}g/ml$. SOD like activities of G-E, G-B, G-W were revealed, as 81.8%, 84.7%, 65.3% at $100{\mu}g/ml$, while those of G-H did not showed the effectively. The crude extract of guava leaf showed high tyrosinase inhibitory effect as 60.8% at 1mg/ml, the measurement of G-E, G-B, G-W were 65.2%, 62.8%, 51.6% and that of G-H was not effective. These results indicate that useful bioactive substances exist in the guava leaf extracts, especially G-E, G-B. And the guava leaf has the potential of being developed into health related products.