• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1373-1379
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• 2011

The SLA (Service Level Agreement) is once determined between service provider and users in B3G networks so that the network service must be provided as QoS management. Here, the network situation is changed as the time flow, and the service environment is also altered. Hence, dynamic QoS management scheme should be considered. In this paper, we propose a handover scheme for dyanamic QoS as the network situation in B3G networks. The heterogeneous networks can be used for dynamic QoS management in B3G networks.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2005

Access networks connected in B3G networks provide its property network service. Hence, though mobile users may utilize only a network service from an access network, they can also use variety of network services from several access networks for their service satisfaction. To support heterogeneous changeable network service in access networks, the mobile terminal must implement heterogeneous system techniques so that it is able to change the network service by ISHO (Inter-System Handover) In this paper, we present the ISHO condition by the policy-based framework in B3G networks. Also, we propose an ISHO scheme to control network resources for the QoS management of a mobile session between UMTS and WLAN access networks. To support the QoS management, the proposed scheme is that it will be implemented before the resource exhaustion occurs to effect network performances.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.677-678
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• 2012

The B3G network architecture by the connection of access network is divided into two forms:tightly-coupled networks and loosely-coupled networks. In this paper, we consider the tightly-coupled networks in the internetworking architecture of mobile network.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.679-680
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• 2012

The B3G network architecture by the connection of access network is divided into two forms:tightly-coupled networks and loosely-coupled networks. In this paper, we consider the loosely-coupled networks in the internetworking architecture of mobile network.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.93-99
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• 2012

The B3G networks that provide the internetworking techniques of heterogeneous network systems and services are constructed to support various service requirements of mobile users. In this paper, we represent the internetworking scheme of heterogeneous networks systems such like UMTS and WLAN which can be used as access networks, and illustrate the service providing of each network system and the internetworking service based on heterogeneous access networks. UMTS and WLAN can provide each proper service to mobile users, and is included to B3G networks to increase the service usage effectiveness by using complementary service for mobile users.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.302-313
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• 2002

In order to facilitate and to meet the ever increasing demands for the wireless communication in the next decade and also to satisfy the high data rates for the new services, the future development of 3G (IMT2000) and systems beyond 3G (B3G) are foreseen. This article presents the need for these developments and motivations for systems beyond 3G taking into account both strategic and technological challenges to be faced. Moreover, the concepts and potential technologies involved including multiple airinterfaces, efficient spectrum allocation and utilisation for the success of systems B3G are briefly reviewed.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.2150-2162
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• 2012

In accordance with evolution of next-generation mobile Internet, 2G, 3G, 4G, and B4G mobile communication wireless access networks will be co-existed and service providers will be merged as an integrated service provider. In addition, multiple virtual service operators will appear. In order to provide complicated unified-services, in the future Internet, wireless network virtualization where network resource is shared by various service operators is necessary. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate network architectures and virtualization scenarios for wireless access network virtualization where various wireless access technologies are flexibly operated by multiple service providers over next-generation wireless access networks. We expect that the virtualization scenario and network architecture yielded from this study can play a role as a basis for development of wireless access network virtualization algorithms.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.233-240
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• 2019

In this paper, due to the development of 5G communication technology, an antenna capable of covering both LTE and 5G bands is currently needed. In addition, we designed and manufactured a single feed antenna for the integrated public network (LTE) and 5G frequency dual band cover to satisfy the frequency bandwidth of more than 10% in each band. The antenna designed by adopting the dipole of the basic dipole antenna in a planar structure is a form in which the radiating element is vertically extended at all of the 700 MHz antennas and folded into a 'ㄷ' shape. In addition, the radiating element of the 700MHz band serves as a reflector of the 3.5GHz band radiating element. As a result, the 700 MHz band -10 dB bandwidth 104 MHz(14.8%) and 3.5 GHz band -10 dB bandwidth 660 MHz(18.8%) were obtained and the radiation pattern characteristic resulted in gains of 8.46 dBi, beam width E-plane 55°, H-plane 81° and 3.5 GHz bands 6.14 dBi, beamwidth E-plane 79°, H-Plane 49°.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.89-95
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• 2012

Immune cells express toll-like receptors (TLRs) and respond to molecular patterns of various pathogens. CpG motif in bacterial DNA activates innate and acquired immune systems through binding to TLR9 of immune cells. Several studies reported that CpG can directly regulate B cell activation, differentiation, and Ig production. However, the role of CpG in B cell growth and Ig production is not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed the effect of CpG on the kinetics of mouse B cell viability, proliferation, and Igs production. Overall, CpG enhanced mouse B cell growth and production of Igs in a dose-dependent manner. Unlike LPS, 100 nM CpG (high dose) did not support TGF-${\beta}1$-induced IgA and IgG2b production. Moreover, 100 nM CpG treatment abrogated either LPS-induced IgM or LPS/TGF-${\beta}1$-induced IgA and IgG2b production, although B cell growth was enhanced by CpG under the same culture conditions. We subsequently found that 10 nM CpG (low dose) is sufficient for B cell growth. Again, 10 nM CpG did not support TGF-${\beta}1$-induced IgA production but, interestingly enough, supported RA-induced IgA production. Further, 10 nM CpG, unlike 100 nM, neither abrogated the LPS/TGF-${\beta}1$- nor the LPS/RA-induced IgA production. Taken together, these results suggest that dose of CpG is critical in B cell growth and Igs production and the optimal dose of CpG cooperates with LPS in B cell activation and differentiation toward Igs production.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 2011

The QoS management is an agreement of service user and service provider in B3G networks, and service provider must support proper the network service to service users by the agreement facts. The service provider must provide the QoS method to maintain the agreed service, which manages the detail method of system level from policy level. By the agreement of service policy, the service provider can give the QoS to the service customer with the service agreement. Hence, in this paper we propose a QoS mapping method of heterogeneous networks to provide the customer service through the service agreement based on the SLA of B3G networks.