• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2019

Objectives : In this study, various biological effects of Curcuma longa L. have been studied, however, beneficial effect of Curcuma longa L. in skin health remain still unclear. In this study, Curcuma longa L. water extract (CLE) was prepared. Inhibitory effect of CLE on melanin accumulation of B16F10 cells and expression levels of skin fibril-related proteins of human skin fibroblasts (HSF) were evaluated. Methods : The cytotoxic effect of CLE in B16F10 cells and HSF were examined by MTT assay. Inhibitory effect of CLE on the ${\alpha}-MSH-$ and IBMX-induced melanin accumulation and tyrosinase activity were evaluated in B16F10 cells. The expression levels of connective tissue growth factor (CCN2), Smad2, procollagen $1{\alpha}2$, collagen $1{\alpha}2$, and fibronectin in CLE-treated HSF were analyzed by western blotting. Results : The CLE treatment (concentrations 10 to $400{\mu}g/ml$) for 72 h did not affect to the B16F10 viability. However, 200 and $400{\mu}g/ml$ of CLE treatment for 24 h showed cytotoxic effect in HSF. Therefore, the concentrations 10, 50, and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of CLE were chosen in this study. The CLE treatment for 72 h dose dependently and significantly suppressed melanin accumulation and tyrosinase activity of B16F10 cells. In addition, the CLE treatment up-regulated expression levels of skin fibril-related proteins such as CCN2, Smad2, procollagen $1{\alpha}2$, collagen $1{\alpha}2$, and fibronectin. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that the CLE could be used as a natural material for skin health.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.388-396
• /
• 2003

In this paper, a fast motion search algorithm that performs motion search for variable blocks in integer pixel unit is proposed. The proposed method is based on the successive elimination algorithm (SEA) using sum norms to find the best estimate of motion vector and obtains the best estimate of the motion vectors of blocks, including 16${\times}$8, 8${\times}$16, and 8${\times}$8, by searching eight pixels around the best motion vector of 16${\times}$16 block obtained from all candidates. And the motion vectors of blocks, including 8${\times}$4, 4${\times}$8, and 4${\times}$4, is obtained by searching eight pixels around the best motion vector of 8${\times}$8 block. The proposed motion search is applied to the H.264 encoder that performs variable blocks motion estimation (ME). In terms of computational complexity, the proposed search algorithm for motion estimation (ME) calculates motion vectors in about 23.8 times speed compared with the spiral full search without early termination and 4.6 times speed compared with the motion estimation method using hierarchical sum of absolute difference (SAD) of 4${\times}$4 blocks, while it shows 0.1dB∼0.4dB peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) drop in comparison to the spiral full search.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• v.16
• /
• pp.56-56
• /
• 2006

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.376-380
• /
• 2011

We investigated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts obtained from Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke. The ethanol extracts of S. lappa C.B. Clarke were fractionated with various solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol). The antimicrobial activity of S. lappa C.B. Clarke was examined by disc-diffusion and micro-dilution susceptibility assays with six food-borne pathogens, and compared to that of the synthetic antibiotics. It is found that the S. lappa C.B. Clarke ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction have strong activity against B. cereus and V. parahaemolyticus strains compared to ampicillin. The inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) values of hexane fraction against L. monocytogenes, B. cereus, and B. subtilis were 62.5, 250 and 500 ppm, respectively. Therefore, these data suggest that S. lappa C.B. Clarke may be useful as antimicrobial agents against food-borne pathogens.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.155-167
• /
• 2000

To evaluate the antitumor activity and antimetastatic effects of Gobongeerlhobang(GG1B), studies were done experimentally. The results were obtained as follows: 1. GG1B extracts exhibited a significant cytotoxicity against HT1080, A549, SK-MEL-2 and SK-OV-3 cell lines. 2. The T/C% was 120.7% in GG1B treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice. 3. GG1B extracts exhibited inefficient adhesive effect of A549, B16-BL6 cell to complex extracellular matrix. 4. GG1B extracts showed a significant inhibition of lung metastasis of B16-BL6 cells in C57BL/6. 5. In CAM assays, angiogenesis was insignificantly inhibited in GG1B treated group than control group. These results suggested that GG1B extracts might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of cancer.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.1053-1058
• /
• 2021

This paper presents the multi-band mixer which converts a X-, K- and Ka-band adaptively by adjusting the gate-bias voltage of an active device. The proposed mixer presented a conversion loss of -10 dB at -0.8 V gate-bias voltage for X-band, a conversion loss of -9 dB at -0.3 V gate-bias voltage for K-band and for Ka-band, a conversion loss of -7 dB at -0.2 V gate-bias voltage under the LO power of +6.0 dBm. The 1dB compression point (P1dB) is +0.5 dBm for all band.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.1470-1475
• /
• 1998

Two kinds of Korean rice-wine (Yakju) with different process and ingredients, and Japanese rice-wine (Sake) were chosen for this study, and throughly dried and solubilized in water or cell culture medium. In vitro cytotoxicity assays of the solubilized wine solids exhibited that maximum dilution factors for inhibition of B 16BL6 mouse melanoma cell growth were 16X for herbal medicine-added rice-wine (Korean rice-wine I) and typical Korean rice-wine (Korean rice-wine II), and 8X for Japanese rice-wine. Their cytotoxic effects on HRT18 human colon adenocarcinoma cells were even lower than those on B16BL6 cells. The morphology of the tumor cells were changed by addition of the solubilized wine solids. Inhibitory effect of the rice-wine on in vivo tumor growth and metastasis were monitored after implantation of B16BL6 cells into C57BL/6 mice with daily feeding the solubilized wine solids. Compared to non-fed control groups, B16BL6 tumor growth and metastasis to lung were clearly inhibited by feeding the wine solids, in order of Korean rice-wine I > Korean rice-wine II > Japanese rice-wine. The data of in vitro cytotoxicity and the cell shape changes indicate that the inhibitory effect of tumor progression may be attributed to tumor cell differentiation or immune stimulation induced by certain components in the rice-wine, rather than direct cytotoxicity of the components.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.143-149
• /
• 2012

This work was carried out to investigate the performance of growing period of large-type Korean native ducks. A total of four hundred twenty female and male duck chicks generated from A and B strains of ducks. Groups were four crossbreds (3 replications/crossbred, 35 birds/replication) as $2{\times}2$ factors (2 strains, A and B; 2 genders, female and male). On the body weight, male of B strains was the highest among 4 treatments after the age of 4 week (P<0.05). Body weight of B strain was higher than that of A strain at all period (P<0.05). Body weight of male was higher compared to that of female after the age of 4 week (P<0.05). On the body weight gain, male of B strain was the highest and female of A strain was the lowest among 4 treatments at 0~8, 0~12, 0~16 and 0~20 weeks (P<0.05). Body weight gain of male was higher than that of female after the age of 4 week (P<0.05). On the feed intake, male of B strain was the highest among 4 treatments from the age of 0 week and to the age of 4, 12, 16 and 20 week (P<0.05). Feed intake of male was higher than that of female at 0~12, 0~16 and 0~20 weeks (P<0.05). On the feed conversion ratio, male of B strain was the highest among other treatments 0~4 weeks and female of A strain was at 0~8 and 0~12 weeks (P<0.05). Feed intake of female was higher compared to that of female at 0~8 weeks and male was high at 0~20 weeks. These results provided the basic data on the record of growing phase of large-type Korean native ducks.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.510-522
• /
• 2008

To construct the molecular systematics of the genus Megoura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), DNA based-identification was performed using four mitochondrial and three nuclear DNA regions: partial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), partial tRNA-leucine + cytochrome c oxidase II (tRNA/COII), cytochrome b (CytB), partial 12S rRNA + tRNA-valine + 16S rRNA (12S/16S), elongation factor-1 alpha ($EF1{\alpha}$), and the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1, ITS2). Pairwise sequence divergences between taxa were compared, and phylogenetic analyses were performed based on each DNA region separately, and the combined datasets. COI, CytB, $EF1{\alpha}$, ITS1, and ITS2 were relatively effective in determining species and resolving their relationships. By contrast, the sequences of tRNA/COII and 12S/16S were not able to separate the closely related species. CytB and $EF1{\alpha}$ gave better resolution with higher average sequence divergences (4.7% for CytB, 5.2% for $EF1{\alpha}$). The sequence divergence of COI (3.0%) was moderate, and those of the two ITS regions (1.8% for ITS1, 2.0% for ITS2) were very low. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by minimum evolution, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. The results indicated that the phylogenetic relationships between Megoura species were associated with their host preferences. Megoura brevipilosa and M. lespedezae living on Lespedeza were closely related, and M. nigra, monophagous on Vicia venosa, was rather different from M. crassicauda, M. litoralis, and M. viciae, which are oligophagous on Lathyrus and Vicia. The three populations of M. crassicauda formed a clade separated from M. litoralis and M. viciae. Nevertheless M. litoralis and M. viciae, which are morphologically similar, were not separated due to negligible sequence divergence. We discuss the phylogenetic relationships of the Megoura, and the usefulness of the seven DNA regions for determining the species level phylogeny of aphids.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.28 no.7C
• /
• pp.688-695
• /
• 2003

In this paper, the parallel sub-filter searching structure to be adapted that divides a filter into several sub filters and the parameter decision technique to control adaptive parameters with power of received signal in the code acquisition system using adaptive filter are proposed. The numerical results for the system probabilities are derived that the code acquisition system using parallel sub-filter searching structure is statistically analyzed. Also, characteristic of the parameters in adaptive code acquisition system is analyzed by simulations and the parameter decision technique through SNRc estimation is explained. The system with parallel sub-filter searching structure outperforms by 1∼l.5 dB for 16 taps, 5∼6 dB for 64 taps. And the system with parameter decision technique works efficiently with the reasonable degree of degradation about 1 ∼2.5dB for 16 and 32 taps.