• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

This work aims to suggest the most proper Hwangtoh color(ocher) for sidewalks and walkways located at the central part of the city. The actual colors of Hwangtoh samples that were obtained from 3 different locations (mountain walkways) in Busan were measured. In addition, personal preferences of such Hwangtoh colors were evaluated through survey in order to provide a proper standard reference color for urban walkways and sidewalks. With respect to the chromaticity of Hwangtoh obtained in Busan, $a^*$ and $b^*$ values were found to range from 3.6 to 13.6 and 11.4 to 23.4, respectively. It was also found that $L^*$ (lightness) values of 3 different Hwangtoh samples were found to be similar. According to the results from survey, higher values of $+a^*$ (red type) and $+b^*$ (yellow type) were preferred, indicating the red and yellow color needs to be developed stronger from Hwangtoh. Based on these findings, the proper Hwangtoh color used for walkways in urban area was chosen. It was found to be $L^*$ for 32.2~45.8, $a^*$ for 5.2~13.6, and $b^*$ for 15.8~21.2, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.179-179
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• 1994

새로운 항생물질을 개발하기 위하여 토양으로부터 분리한 균주를 액체 및 고체배지에서 배양하여 여러 검정균에 대하여 종이디스크법으로 항균효력을 조사하였다. 그 결과 (+), G(-), fungi 등에 강한 항균 효력을 보인 토양균 SNUS 8810-43과 Mycobacterium, fungi에 항균력을 보인 토양균 SNUS 8810-129를 선택하여 각각의 배양액에서 항생물질을 분리하고, 분리한 항생물질의 구조를 규명하고자 하였다. 토양균 SNUS 8810-43의 배양액으로부터 항생물질을 분리하기 위하여 양이온 교환 수지 관 크로마토그래피와 셀룰로오스 관 크로마토그래피를 수행하여 시료 JJH-II-46-43을 얻었다. 시료 JJH-II-46-43의 IR, $^1$H-NMR, $^{13}$C-NMR, $^1$H-$^1$H COSY, $^1$H-$^{13}$C COSY, FAB-MS 스펙트럼을 얻어 분리한 항생물질의 구조를 분석하여 이 항생물질의 구조가 N-methylstreptothricin과 동일하다는 것을 확인하였다. Mycobacterium smegmatis에 강한 활성을 나타내는 물질을 토양균 SNUS 8810-129로 부터 분리하였다. 토양균 SNUS 8810-129를 배양한 V-8 아가판을 메탄올로 추출하여 이를 실리카겔 관 크로마토그래피와 preparative TLC로 시료 LCH-IV-17B, LCH-III-387을 얻었다. 시료LCH-IV-l7B, LCH-III-387의 $^1$H-NMR, $^{13}$C-NMR, FAB-MS, CI-MS, IR등의 스펙트럼을 얻어 분리한 항생물질의 구조를 분석하여 이 항생물질이 glycolipid계 항생물질이라는 것을 알았다. $^{13}$C-NMR 상의 자료와 화학적인 방법으로 구성당을 조사한 결과 이 항생물질을 이루고있는 당은 rhamnose 임을 알았다. 또 이 항생물질을 구성하는 지방산은 화학적인 방법과 MS 스펙트럼, $^{13}$C-NMR 스펙트럼으로부터 hydroxydecanoic acid인 것으로 확인되었다. 항생물질 LCH-III-387와 항생물질 LCH-IV-l7B는 각각 rhamnose를 1, 2개 포함하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 동일한 탄소수의 지방산을 가지고 있는 것으로 생각되었다. 이들 항생물질을 이루는 구성당과 지방산간의 정확한 연결및 구조, 생리활성에 관한 연구는 계속 수행중에 있다.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.209-212
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• 1986

$\alpha$-Amylase gene of Bacillus amyloliquetaciens was cloned on plasmid YEp13, S. cerevisiae-E. coli shuttle vector. Hybrid plasmid pTG17, carrying $\alpha$-amylase gene of B. amyloliquefaciens, was transformed to E. coli and the expression of it in yeast was investigated. This plasmid was unstable in E. coli and produced two minor plasmids, pTG17-1 and PTG17-2, which resulted from the segregation of it. Transformant of S. cerevisiae MC16 with pTG17-1 plasmid was not appeared on SD medium because of the Leu2 gene defection. S. cerevisiae could be transformed by the hybrid plasmid, and $\alpha$-amylase activity of the yeast transformant was detected by somogyi-Nelson method and agar diffusion method.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.41-54
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• 2004

$LaMnO_3$ and A site substituted $La_{0.9}Sr_{0.1}MnO_3$(a=$5.33\AA$, c=$13.27\AA$), B site substituted $LaMn_{0.9}Cu_{0.1}O_3$(a=$5.52\AA$, c=$13.31\AA$) mixed oxides were prepared by Citrate sol-gel method. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns of these oxides were indexed with single phase hexagonal perovskite structures. According to the TRR result, oxygen stoichiometry of these oxides were oxidative nonstoichiometry as like $LaMnO_{3.16}$, $La_{0.9}Sr_{0.1}MnO_{3.10}$ and $LaMn_{0.9}Cu_{0.1}O_{3.14}$ Reduction reactions of un-substituted $LaMnO_3$ was two steps, but specific site(A site of B site) partially substituted $LaMnO_3$ oxides were procees to three reactions.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2013

Objective : Morus alba Linne Root Bark (MRAL) is a medicinal herb in Korean Medicine, known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties. However, its mechanisms of action and the cellular targets have not yet been found and the study was developed to investigate the allergic suppressive effect of MRAL. The purpose of this study is to investigate the allergic suppressive effects of MRAL on activation of MC/9 mast cells. Methods : Cytotoxic activity of MRAL (50, 100, 200, 400 ${\mu}g/mL$) on MC/9 mast cells measured using EZ-Cytox cell viability assay kit (WST reagent). The levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13 and IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 mRNA expression were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time PCR respectively. The expression of transcription factors such as GATA-1, GATA-2, NFAT, AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 DNA binding activity were measured by western blot and electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results : Our results indicated that MRAL (50 ${\mu}g/mL$, 100 ${\mu}g/mL$) significantly inhibited PMA/Ionomycin-induced production of IL-5 and IL-13 and the expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13 mRNA in MC/9 mast cells. Moreover, MRAL (50 ${\mu}g/mL$, 100 ${\mu}g/mL$) inhibited PMA/Ionomycin-induced GATA-1, GATA-2, NFAT-1, NFAT-2, c-Fos protein expression and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 DNA binding activity in MC/9 mast cells. Conclusions : In conclusion, we suspect the anti-allergenic activities of MRAL, may be related to the regulation of transcription factors GATA-1, GATA-2, NFAT-1, NFAT-2, c-Fos and NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 DNA binding assay causing inhibition of Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in mast cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5581-5585
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• 2012

Objective: To explore the relationship between computed tomography (CT) manifestations of thymoma and its WHO pathological classification. Methods: One hundred and five histopathologically confirmed cases were collected for their pathological and CT characteristics and results were statistically compared between different pathological types of thymoma. Results: Tumor size, shape, necrosis or cystic change, capsule integrity, invasion to the adjacent tissue, lymphadenopathy, and the presence of pleural effusion were significantly different between different pathological types of thymomas (P<0.05). Type B2, B3 tumors and thymic carcinomas were greater in size than other types. More than 50% of type B3 tumors and thymic carcinomas had a tumor size greater than 10 cm. The shape of types A, AB, and B1 tumors were mostly round or oval, whereas 75% of type B3 tumors and 85% of thymic carcinomas were irregular in shape. Necrosis or cystic change occurred in 67% of type B3 thymomas and 57% of thymic carcinomas, respectively. The respective figures for capsule destruction were 83% and 100%. Increases in the degree of malignancy were associated with increases in the incidence of surrounding tissue invasion: 33%, 75%, and 81% in type B2, type B3, and thymic carcinomas, respectively. Pleural effusion occurred in 48% of thymic carcinomas, while calcification was observed mostly in type B thymomas. Conclusions: Different pathological types of thymic epithelial tumors have different CT manifestations. Distinctive CT features of thymomas may reflect their pathological types.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.560-567
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• 2018

In the present study, we tried to examine whether resveratrol regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) through affecting nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) in articular chondrocytes. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured in a monolayer, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure interleukin-${\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$)-induced gene expression of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4), ADAMTS-5 and type II collagen. Effect of resveratrol on $IL-1{\beta}$-induced secretion of MMP-3 was investigated in rabbit articular chondrocytes using western blot analysis. To elucidate the action mechanism of resveratrol, effect of resveratrol on $IL-1{\beta}$-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway was investigated in SW1353, a human chondrosarcoma cell line, by western blot analysis. The results were as follows: (1) resveratrol inhibited the gene expression of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5, but increased the gene expression of type II collagen; (2) resveratrol reduced the secretion of MMP-3; (3) resveratrol inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$induced activation (phosphorylation) of inhibitory kappa B kinase (IKK), and thus phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory kappa $B{\alpha}$ ($I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$); (4) resveratrol inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65. This, in turn, led to the down-regulation of gene expression of MMPs in SW1353 cells. These results suggest that resveratrol can regulate the expression of MMPs through affecting $NF-{\kappa}B$ by directly acting on articular chondrocytes.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.697-705
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to examine ozonation disinfection efficiency for Escherichia coli DH5alpha removal, containing the multi-resistance plasmid pB10 as well as chlorination disinfection efficiency. In addition, plasmid pB10 removal rates were estimated by ozonation and chlorination. The removal efficiency of pB10 via ozonation was about 2 to 4 times higher than chlorination. High removal efficiency of pB10 is likely due to OH radical produced during ozonation. These results suggest that integration of advanced oxidation process such as ozonation (or photocatalytic oxidation) with conventional disinfection such as chlorination may be needed for effective control of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genetic materials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.859-862
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• 2008

The objective of this study offer the equation of the development length for GFRP reinforcement. Pullout test carried out to propose the development length for GFRP reinforcement. Test variables included embedment length (L=15, 30 and 45d$_b$ ), pure cover thickness(C=0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0d$_b$ ), diameter of reforcement(D10, D13 and D16), and three types, (domestic : K2KR, K3KR, foreign : AsUS) of GFRP reinforcement. The method of test were introduced pure pullout and tests lasted until the GFRP reinforcements were reached final failure. Based on the results through the pullout test, the bond characteristics and average bond stress for GFRP reinforcement were investigated. The equation of development length was proposed based on the regression analysis selected specimens having splitting failure. The equation gained from this study compared with the design equation provided by ACI committee 440.1R-06. The results through this study are capable of the flexural member design with GFRP reinforcement having lab spliced.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.36S no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

We analyze the transmission performance of WDM system based on cascaded optical add/drop multiplexers. The considered factors degrading the performance in this paper include the intra-channel corosstalk caused from space switches and demultiplexers/multiplexers, the amplified spontaneous emission noise, and the extinction ratio. To ensure the power penalty within 1dB, the extinction ration more than 13dB, the switch corosstalk less than 39dB, and the demultiplexer/multiplexer crosstalk less than 20dB are required. Under the assumption of switch corosstalk less than 30dB, performance degradation due to the ASE noise is dominant compared to the crosstalk. With the fixed decision threshold in an optical receiver, the maximum number of cascaded nodes reduces to a half compared to the case of the optimum decision threshold.