• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.268-274
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• 2002

Enzymatic hydrolysis of waste office paper was evaluated using three commercial cellulases, Acremonium cellulase, Meicelase, and Cellulosin T2. Varying the enzyme loading from 1 to 10% (w/w) conversion of waste office paper to reducing sugar was investigated. The conversion increased with the increase in the enzyme loading: in the case of enzyme loading of 10% (w/w), Acremonium cellulase yielded 79%conversion of waste office paper, which was 17% higher compared to Meicelase, 13% higher than that of Cellulosin T2. Empirical model for the conversion (%) of waste office paper to re-ducing sugar (x) was derived from experimental results as follow, x = $kE^{m}t^{(aE+b)}$ where k, m, a, and b de-note empirical constants. E indicates initial enzyme concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.402-406
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• 1988

The MgGa2Se4 single crystal for study of optical properties is for the first time grown by Bridgmna method. The crystal structure of grown MgGa2Se4 single crystal has the Rhomobohedral structure (R3m) and its lattice constant are a=3.950\ulcorner c=38.893\ulcornerin Hexagonal structure. The energy band structure of grown MgGa2Se4 single crystal structure has direct band gap and the optical energy gap measured from optical absorption in this crystal is 2.20eV at 290K. The temperature dependence of energy gap was given Eg(T)=Eg(O)-aT\ulcorner)B+T), from varshni equation, where Eg(O)=2.34eV, a=8.79x10**-4eV/and b=250K.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.18-29
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• 2014

최근 해양안전에 대한 국내외의 관심과 함께 통신기술의 발전, 선박에 다양한 디지털 및 전자장비들이 도입됨에 따라 선박을 위한 전자항법체계인 e-navigation이 주목을 받고 있다. E-navigation은 안전뿐 아니라, 해양에서의 디지털시대의 서막을 여는 IT 융합의 새로운 패러다임을 제공하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 e-navigation과 관련하여 국제해사기구(IMO), 국제항로표지협회(IALA: International Association of Lighthouse Authorities), 국제수로기구 (IHO: International Hydrographic Organization), 국제전기협회(IEC) 등의 관련 기술에 대한 국제표준화기구의 최근 동향에 대해서 살펴볼 것이다. 또한, 한국형 e-navigation에 대한 국내 동향과 함께 최근 각광을 받고 있는 사물인터넷(IoT: Internet of Things) 기술을 해양분야에 적용하기 위한 방안에 대해서도 다루고자 한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.1463-1481
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• 2018

Let $X=\{X_t\}_{t{\geq}0}$ be a $L{\acute{e}}vy$ process in ${\mathbb{R}}^d$ and ${\Omega}$ be an open subset of ${\mathbb{R}}^d$ with finite Lebesgue measure. The quantity $H_{\Omega}(t)={\int_{\Omega}}{\mathbb{P}}^x(X_t{\in}{\Omega})$ dx is called the heat content. In this article we consider its generalized version $H^{\mu}_g(t)={\int_{\mathbb{R}^d}}{\mathbb{E}^xg(X_t){\mu}(dx)$, where g is a bounded function and ${\mu}$ a finite Borel measure. We study its asymptotic behaviour at zero for various classes of $L{\acute{e}}vy$ processes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.345-349
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• 2001

This study has investigated the effect of thermal stability and mechanical property of $Fe_{80-X}P_{10}C_6B_4M_X$(X=2, 4, 6, M=transition metal) amorphous alloys fabricated by the melt-spun process. The glass transition temperature($T_g$), crystallization temperature($T_x$) and hardness increase with decreasing electron concentration (e/a) from about 7.38 to 7.18. The decrease of e/a implies the increase in the attractive bonding state between the M elements and other constituent element. The decrease in a/e leads to the enhancement of the attractive bonding state among the constituent elements which is favorable for the increase in $T_g$, $T_x$ and hardness.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1144-1150
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• 2014

The eIF4E protein is the key regulator of translation initiation. The interaction of eIF4E with eIF4G triggers the translation of mRNA, and several proteins interrupt this association to modulate translation. Human 4E-T is one of the eIF4E-binding partners that represses the translation of bound mRNAs, and it is involved in the transport of eIF4E to processing bodies (P-bodies). Although Clast4, the mouse homolog of human 4E-T, might play critical roles in the regulation of translation, its properties are not well known. In this report, we deciphered the properties of Clast4 by determining its phosphorylation state, binding to eIF4E, and effects of overexpression on cell proliferation. Clast4 was phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) in vivo on several residues of its amino terminus. Nevertheless, the PKA phosphorylation of Clast4 appeared to have no effect on either its eIF4E-binding ability or localization. Clast4 interacted with eIF4E1 and CPEB. The conserved eIF4E-binding sequence in Clast4, $YXXXXL_{\phi}$, was important for binding eIF4E1A but not eIF4E1B. Similar to that of another well-known eIF4E regulator, the eIF4E binding protein (4E-BP), the overexpression of Clast4 decreased cell proliferation. These results suggest that Clast4 acts as a global translation regulator in cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.09b
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• pp.1321-1321
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• 2006

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.245-253
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• 2004

The 36km-long Daebo-Campo coast has a well-developed marine terraces divided to six steps by elevation of paleoshoreline : 0.5 m(T1), 10 m(T2), 30 m(T3), 40 m(T4), 60 m(T5) and 75 m(T6). The 2$^{nd}$ and 3$^{nd}$ platforms in Daebo to Guryongpo are wider and more distinctive than those of Guryongpo to Gampo. The 3$^{nd}$ terrace of 30 m high is subdivided to two flights as lower(T3b) and upper(T3a) by old sea cliff. Platform age is unclear because of coral fossil free. However, the terrace age could be determined with convergent OSL ages from beach sediments on 2$^{nd}$ step(T2). OSL ages of the terrace of 10 m high range in 60-70 ka. It reveals that the 2$^{nd}$ -step platform correlates to Oxygen Isotope Time scale, substage 5a(ca. 80 ka), and that uplift rate is ca. 0.19 m/ka for 2$^{nd}$ terrace at Daebo-Campo coast. If considering equivalent uplift rate for all terraces since the Late Pleistocene, the 3$^{rd}$ and 4$^{th}$ terraces would be 5e substage and 7 stage. The 30 m-high terrace provides a good indicator for uplift at Daebo-Gampo coast since 125,000 yrs(MIS 5e). It suggests that the local neotectonic deformation might cause an optional uplift rate of ca. 0.19 m/ka along the SE coast of Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2009

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of single and combined exposure of toluene (T) and xylene (X) on the cytochrome-450(CYP)-mediated metabolizing capacity, induction of CYP isozymes and the excretion of their metabolites in urine. Animal were adults male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and divided into 4 groups such as control, T (treated with 63.7 mg/body kg), X (treated with 65.9 mg/body kg) and TX(T=X). Organic solvents was administrated by intraperitoneal injection for 3 days. The contents of protein and CYP in liver microsomes of control group were $16.48{\pm}0.56 mg/m{\ell}$ and $0.744{\pm}0.025$ nmol/mg protein, respectively, and they contents were significantly lower than in derived from treated groups (p<0.01). The activities of PROD and ${\rho}NPH$ were significantly higher in single treated groups than in control and combined group (TX). When Western immunoblotting were carried out with two monoclonal antibodies (MAb 1-98-1 and MAb 2-66-3) which were specific against CYP2B1/2 and CYP2E1, respectively, a strong signal corresponding to CYP2B1/2 was observed in microsomes obtained from rats treated with X and TX. The color density against CYP2E1 was slightly increased in T and TX groups compared with C and X groups. The amounts of urinary hippuric acid in T single treated group was $3.29{\pm}1.97$ g/g creatinine and TX combined group was $2.91{\pm}1.76$ g/g creatinine, but was not significant. However, amount of urinary methy hippuric acid in X single treated group ($1.62{\pm}0.72$ g/g creatinine) was significantly higher than TX combined group ($0.93{\pm} 0.63$ g/g creatinine)(p<0.01). These results suggested that CYP2E1 isozyme might be responsible for the metabolism of T, and CYP2B1/2 isozyme is for X. And also, difference of metabolites level between single and combined group may be speculated that the intermediates of T and X interacted each other in the process of their metabolite formation reaction.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.283-295
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• 2022

Seismic design codes permit the use of Equivalent Static Analysis of buildings considering torsional eccentricity e with dynamic amplification factors on structural eccentricity and some accidental eccentricity. Estimation of e in buildings is not addressed in codes. This paper presents a simple approximate method to estimate e in RC Moment Frame and RC Structural Wall buildings, which required no detailed structural analysis. The method is validated by 3D analysis (using commercial structural analysis software) of a spectrum of building. Results show that dynamic amplification factor should be applied on torsional eccentricity when performing Response Spectrum Analysis also. Also, irregular or mixed modes of oscillation arise in torsionally unsymmetrical buildings owing to poor geometric distribution of mass and stiffness in plan, which is captured by the mass participation ratio. These irregular modes can be avoided in buildings of any plan geometry by limiting the two critical parameters (normalised torsional eccentricity e/B and Natural Period Ratio 𝜏 =T_𝜃/T, where B is building lateral dimension, T_𝜃 uncoupled torsional natural period and T uncoupled translational natural period). Suggestions are made for new building code provisions.