• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2011

The large bumblebee $Bombus$ $terrestris$, indigenous to Europe and adjacent areas and used extensively for high-value crop pollination, has been artificially introduced to several parts of the world. Here we show the occurrence of interspecific hybridization between the bumblebee species $B.$ $hypocrita$ $sapporoensia$ and $B.$ $terrestris$ under laboratory conditions. The mating and oviposition percentages resulting from the interspecific hybridization of a $B.$ $terrestris$ queen with a $B.$ $h.$ $sapporoensis$ male were higher than those resulting from the intraspecific mating of $B.$ $h.$ $sapporoensis$. Furthermore, a competitive copulation experiment indicated that the mating of $B.$ $h.$ $sapporoensis$ males with $B.$ $terrestris$ queens was 1.2-fold more frequent than the mating of these males with $B.$ $h.$ $sapporoensis$ queens. The interspecific hybridization of a $B.$ $terrestris$ queen with a $B.$ $h.$ $sapporoensis$ male produced either $B.$ $terrestris$ workers or the $B.$ $terrestris$ male phenotype, and the hybridization of a $B.$ $h.$ $sapporoensis$ queen with a $B.$ $terrestris$ male produced $B.$ $h.$ $sapporoensis$ males. Our results indicated that interspecific hybridization occurred between $B.$ $h.$ $sapporoensis$ and $B.$ $terrestris$. These results suggest that such hybridization will have a negative competitive impact and will cause genetic contamination of native bumblebees.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2009

The large bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, indigenous to Europe and used extensively for high-value crop pollination, has been artificially introduced in several parts of the world. Here we show the interspecific hybridization between bumblebee species, B. terrestris and B. ignitus, under laboratory conditions. The mating and oviposition percentages of the interspecific hybridization of a B. terrestris queen with a B. ignitus male were higher than those of the intraspecific mating of B. ignitus. Furthermore, the competitive copulation experiment indicated that the mating of B. ignitus males with B. terrestris queens was 1.8-fold more frequent than with B. ignitus queens. The interspecific hybridization of a B. ignitus queen with a B. terrestris male produced either B. ignitus workers or the B. ignitus male phenotype, and the hybridization of a B. terrestris queen with a B. ignitus male produced B. terrestris males. Genetic tests using a portion of the mitochondrial COI gene for the parent and hybrid phenotypes indicated that mitochondrial DNA in the interspecific hybridization was maternally inherited. Our results indicated that interspecific hybridization occurred between B. ignitus and B. terrestris, which suggests that the hybridization will have a negative impact of competition and genetic pollution of native bumblebees.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 2004

토종 호박벌(Bombusignitus)과 수입 서양뒤영벌(B. terrestris)의 냉장온도별 생존율과 실내사육에 의한 봉세발달을 비교 조사하였다. -2.5, 0, 2.5, 5$^{\circ}C$등 4종류 냉장온도 중 호박벌과 서양뒤영벌 모두 2.5$^{\circ}C$에서 생존율이 가장 높았으며, 냉장 3개월까지는 호박벌이, 냉장 4개월째는 서양뒤영벌의 생존율이 다소 높게 나타났다. 한산가스처리로 휴면을 타파한 여왕별의 봉세발달을 조사한 결과, 산란율은 호박벌이 72.5%로 서양뒤명벌보다 6.1% 높았고, 산란전기간도 17.4일로 7.4일 빨랐다. 일벌이 50마리 될 때까지의 봉군형성소요일수, 수벌 및 여왕벌출현소요일수 또한 호박벌이 각각 62.8일, 66.4일, 63.0일로 서양뒤명벌보다 2.1-29.5일 빨리 출현하였다. 그러나 일벌출현소요일수는 28.6일과 28.4일로 차이가 없었다. 반면에 우수봉군의 지표가 되는 봉군형성률 및 신여왕벌출현봉군율은 서양뒤영벌이 각각 14.2%, 13.6%로서 호박벌보다 3.8-5.7배 높게 나타났다. 성충출현수 역시, 서양뒤영벌이 일벌 104.2 마리, 수벌 317.9 마리, 여왕벌 27.1 마리로 호박벌보다 1.1-1.8배 많아 봉세 발달은 서양뒤영벌이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2012

The bumblebee Bombus terrestris is widely used in greenhouses to pollinate crops. Here, we report the molecular cloning and characterization of chymotrypsin inhibitor and chitin-binding protein homologs from B. terrestris. Two cDNAs encoding chymotrypsin inhibitor (Bt-CI) and chitin-binding protein (Bt-CBP) homologs were cloned from B. terrestris. Gene sequence analysis showed that Bt-CI gene consists of three exons encoding 75 amino acids, including a predicted 20-amino acid signal peptide, while Bt-CBP consists of two exons encoding 78 amino acids, including a predicted 26-amino acid signal peptide. The mature Bt-CI and Bt-CBP peptides contain ten and six conserved cysteine residues, respectively. Database searches using the deduced sequences of Bt-CI and Bt-CBP showed similarity to those from B. impatiens (96% peptide sequence identities). Bt-CI and Bt-CBP were expressed in both the venom gland and fat body of B. terrestris worker bees. The recombinant Bt-CI and Bt-CBP peptides were expressed in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Taken together, our findings describe the molecular characterization of Bt-CI and Bt-CBP from B. terrestris.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.523-529
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• 2001

겨울철 남부지방에서 2 종류의 방울토마토 재배하우스, 즉 양액 재배농가와 톱밥재배농가에서의 서양뒤영벌의 방화활동을 조사한결과, 개화간격은 양액 재배농가가 톱밥 재배농가보다 길었으나, 개화 후 일벌 방화까지의 시간은 양 액재배농가에서 톱밥재배농가보다 짧았다. 따라서 2 종류의 하우스에서 1개의 꽃이 개화하여 방화되기까지의 수정시간에는 차이가 없었다. 일벌들의 방화활동도 같은 양상을 유지하였으며, 투입된 벌의 방화활동 차이는 발견할 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

Bumblebees are widely used to pollinate crops in greenhouses and fields. Here, we investigated whether different wake-up treatments during a short period of 1~3 days just before indoor rearing has any effects on oviposition and colony development of $CO_2$-treated Bombus ignitus queens and artificially hibernated B. terrestris queens The wake-up regimes were defined as 16L for 1 day (16L-1), 16 L per day for 3 days (16L-3), 24L for 1 day (24L-1), or 24D for 1 day (24D-1). Among these wake-up treatments, the oviposition rate and preoviposition period of B. ignitus queens reared at 24L-1 were 16.7~25.1% higher and 1.0~3.5 days shorter than other wake-up treatments. B. terrestris queens reared at 24L-1 also showed the best results for egg-laying characteristics, which were 8.9~18.8% higher for oviposition and 0.6~3.5 days shorter for preovipostion period than other wake-up treatments. Furthermore, B. terrestris queens reared at 24L-1 were 17.5% and 13.8% higher in rate of colony foundation and queen production, respectively, than other wake-up treatments. These results show that the most favorable wake-up treatment just before rearing for egg-laying and colony developmental characteristics of B. ignitus and B. terrestris queens was 24L-1. Overall, our findings indicate that a wake-up treatment just before rearing was effective for colony initiation and colony development of bumblebee queens.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.294-298
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• 2012

체리의 경우 유과기나 과실수확기에 비가 잦을 경우 각종 곰팡이에 의한 과실썩음병과 열과가 발생하여 고품질의 과실을 생산하기 어렵다. 따라서 우리나라와 같이 장마기가 있는 기후조건에서는 농약살포 횟수를 줄이고 고품질의 과실을 안정적으로 생산하기 위해서는 반드시 비가림 시설재배가 필요하다. 국내에서 체리의 개화시기는 4월 상 중순으로 개화기 저온에 의해 자연상태의 꿀벌을 통한 화분매개는 결실율이 불안정하며, 봄철에는 화분매개용 꿀벌 봉군을 구입하기가 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 최근 시설재배 방울토마토, 애호박 등에서 화분매개용으로 많이 이용되고 있는 서양뒤영벌을 비가림 재배 조건에서 꿀벌을 대신하여 체리에 대한 화분매개 곤충으로 이용코자 하였다. 방화활동력은 서양뒤영벌의 경우 한 꽃에 약 6초 정도 머물러 분당 11개 정도의 꽃을 방문하였고, 꿀벌의 경우 한 꽃에 약 15초씩 머물러 분당 4~5개 정도의 꽃을 방문하였다. 또한 결실율과 과실특성에 있어 두 벌 처리구 간에 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 따라서 비가림 체리 재배에서 개화기에 화분매개용으로 꿀벌을 대신하여 서양뒤영벌을 이용하더라도 어떠한 부정적인 영향은 없었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2008

시설파프리카에서 양봉꿀벌은 온도, 조도 그리고 자외선량이 증가하고 습도가 감소하는 오전 11:00부터 15:00, 서양뒤영벌은 오전 09:00에서 11:00에 방화활동수가 가장 많았다. 방화시간은 양봉꿀벌과 서양뒤영벌 방사구가 각각 5.8초와 6.9초로 같은 수준이었으며, 착과율은 각각 94%수준으로 관행구(환풍기사용) 92%보다 2% 높았다. 생산물조사에서 양봉꿀벌과 서양뒤영벌 방사구가 관행구보다 과실의 무게, 길이, 당도, 종자수에서 보다 좋은 성적을 보였다. 따라서 경제성분석(재배기간 10개월/2,310 $m^2$)에서 양봉꿀벌과 서양뒤영벌 방사구가 관행구(팬가동)에 비하여 $7,700{\sim}8,520$천원(10% 이상)의 이익을 가져옴으로서 화분매개곤충을 방사한 효과가 뚜렷하게 나타났다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2008

To improve mating rate of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, temperature, photoperiod and illumination during mating periods favorable for B. terrestris were investigated. The mating rate of queen mated at $19^{\circ}C$ was 92.1%, which was 2.1-5.9% higher than that of $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. $19^{\circ}C$ was more effective than at $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ in death rate during mating periods. The survival rate after hibernation of queen mated at $19^{\circ}C$ was 3.0-17.7% higher than that of $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. At the photoperiod regimes during mating periods, queen mated at 14 L was more effective than 12 L and 16 L in death rate during mating, survival rate after hibernation, and egg-characteristics. In case of illumination during mating periods, intensity of over 1000 lux was suitable for mating B. terrestris queen in colony development. Therefore, we supposed that mating temperature favorable for B. terrestris was $19^{\circ}C$ and photoperiod for mating was 14 L, and illumination was over 1000 lux.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2014

To develop a composition for enhancing immunity, based on alcohol extracts of the bumblebee as an active ingredient, bumblebee ethanol extracts were evaluated for their protective effect in chronic models of inflammation, adjuvant induced rat arthritis. B. terrestris worker extract (SDIEX) and, B. hypocrita sapporoensis lava and pupa extract (SPDYBEX), significantly decreased paw edema in arthritic rats, at a dose 100 mg/kg, respectively. The cytokine levels related inflammation of COX-2, $sPLA_2$, VEGF, and TNF-${\alpha}$, were decreased, compared to positive control, indomethacin (5 mg/kg). Histopathological data demonstrated decreases inflammatory activity, hind paw edema, and repaired hyaline articular cartilage in DRG over a 2 wk administration. HPLC and GC-MS analysis of SDIEX and SPDYBEX revealed the presence of cantharidin.