• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.65-83
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• 2011

Various related factors and tissue changes in vitro and in vivo were observed to investigate the efficacy of HYBH on atopic dermatitis. The results are described below. HYBH improved the atopic dermatitis symptoms by naked eye examination, and significantly decreased dermatitis clinical index at 14 weeks. HYBH significantly decreased CD4+/CD45+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+/CD69+ immune cell ratios in PBMC by 28%, 16%, 30%, 26% and 22% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased CD11b+/Gr-1+, CD3 immune cell ratios in dorsal skin by 35.3% and 67.5% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the expression of IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ in spleen by 23% and 15% respectively. HYBH significantly decreased the production rate of IL-5, IL-13 and histamine in serum by 17%, 23%, and 8.8% respectively and increased IL-17 production by 17%. HYBH significantly decreased immunoglubulins IgG1 and IgE production in serum. The results above indicated that treatment of HYBH improved atopic dermatitis symptoms by anti-oxidant activity and immune modulation activity as a clinical evidence. Also, different fermentation conditions using various microbial strains should be accumulated as the clinical evidence for broad application in the future.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.67-79
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• 2014

In order to investigate the efficacy of BJBB on atopic dermatitis, various immune related factors were studied. The results and conclusions are as follows. Atopic dermatitis symptoms were improved in BJBB treated group and significant decrease in dermatitis index were observed in 13 weeks. ALT, AST and BUN, Cr levels were all with in the normal ranges in BJBB treated group, indicating no induced toxicity. BJBB treated group showed significant decrease in CD4+, CD11b+/Gr-1+ immune cell ratio in dorsal skin by 33% and 62% respectively. BJBB treated group showed significant decrease in the expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and histamine by 83%, 62%, 53% and 61% respectively. Also the group showed decrease in the transcription of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 mRNA in spleen by 41%, 52% and 50% respectively. BJBB treated group showed decrease in the expression of IgE by 57% respectively. The results above indicated that treatment of BJBB improved atopic dermatitis symptoms by immune modulation activity a clinical evidence. thus, BJBB has a potential use as a composition of medicinal plants for treatment against inflammation related disease.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2007

Background: Previous research has suggested that single doses of a standardised Panax ginseng extract can decrease fasted blood-glucose levels and modulate cognitive performance in healthy young volunteers. The latter has generally been seen in terms of improved secondary memory performance. However, both the cognitive effects of chronic administration of ginseng and the potential modulation of working memory have received comparatively little research attention. Aims: The current double-blind, placebo-controlled, balanced cross-over study investigated the effects of 8-weeks administration of Korean ginseng extract (200 mg) on cognitive performance, gluco-regulatory parameters and ratings of subjective mood and 'quality of life'. Methods: 'Eighteen healthy young participants were assessed pre-dose and 3 hours post-dose on the mornings of Day 1, Day 29 and Day 57 of 8 week treatment regimens of both placebo and ginseng. A four-week placebo wash-out separated the treatment phases. Each assessment included the Cognitive Drug Research battery, computerised working memory tasks, and Bond-Lader mood scales. The WHO Quality of Life scale (WHOQOL-BREF) was completed once per visit. Gluco-regulatory parameters were assessed with assays of blood glucose, insulin and HbA1c. Results: Data from the 16 participants that completed the study showed that there were no significant, acute treatment related differences on Day 1 of treatment, or in gluco-regulatory parameters throughout the study. However, time related performance improvements were evident following chronic administration of ginseng on the '3-Back' and 'Corsi-block' computerised working memory tasks. Ginseng was also associated with an improved score on the 'social relations' subscale of the WHOQOL-100, and a significant shift on the 'calm' factor of the Bond-Lader mood scales (from calm/relaxed towards excited/tense). Conclusion: The results of the current study suggest that Korean ginseng extract can modulate working memory performance and subjective ratings of 'quality of life' and mood. Replication with a larger sample size may further elucidate the actions of this product.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2003

Fabrication process of strain-induced channel waveguides in $LiNbO_3$ was developed using strain-optic effect and compressional strain due to ~1.4 $\mu\textrm{m}$ surface Mo/Pt metal film. Characterization of the channel waveguides revealed a single transverse and depth mode in both TE and TM polarizations. Measurements showed total insertion loss of 6.2 and 7.7 ㏈/cm for TM and TE polarizations. respectively. Electro-optic intensity modulators with 11 mm long electrode length and 21 $\mu\textrm{m}$ electrode gap at $\lambda$ = 1.15 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$have been produced in $LiNbO_3$ substrates using strain-induced channel waveguides. Modulation depth of 100% at $\pi$-radian voltage of 16.1V has been demonstrated. Also, 1$\times$2 on/off power splitters at $\lambda$ = 0.63 $\mu\textrm{m}$ have been produced using strain-induced channel waveguides. On/off voltage of $\pm$ 25V has been demonstrated.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.233-240
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• 2015

Although the effects of the rice bran have recently been investigated, there is no information regarding platelet physiology available. However, it is well known that fermented natural plants have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate whether fermented rice bran extract (FRBE) with several plants (Artemisia princeps, Angelica Gigantis Radix, Cnidium officinale, and Camellia sinensis) affected agonist-induced platelet aggregation, and if so, what the underlying mechanism of its activity was. We performed several experiments, including in vitro platelet aggregation, intracellular calcium concentration and adenosine triphosphate release. In addition, the activation of integrin ${\alpha}_{II}b{\beta}3$ was determined using fibrinogen binding. Thrombus formation was also evaluated in vivo using an arterio-venous shunt model. The FRBE inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. FRBE significantly and dose dependently attenuated thrombus formation using rat arterio-venous shunt. FRBE suppressed the intracellular calcium mobilization in collagen-stimulated platelets. We also found that FRBE inhibited extracellular stimuli-responsive kinase 1/2, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinases and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. These results suggested that FRBE inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation, which was mediated by modulation of downstream signaling molecules. In conclusion, FRBE could be developed as a functional food against aberrant platelet activation-related cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.54-61
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• 2000

This paper presents the performance evaluation of channel estimation algorithm using RLS algorithm lot W-CDMA reverse link over Rayleigh fading channels. By obtaining BER(Bit Error Rate) performance through computer simulations, the RLS(Recursive Least Square) algorithm is compared with the existing WMSA(Weighted Averaging)(K=1,3) and constant gain algorithm. The channel structure, modulation and pilot patterns are applied to the ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Business) and 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) ITU-R proposal for the IMT-2000. The BER performance of RLS algorithm with linear interpolation is similar to that of WMSA(K=1) and slightly superior to that of constant gain algorithm at low Doppler frequencies. Also, RLS algorithm performance is better than that of the WMSA(K=1,3) and constant gain algorithms about 4dB at BER=2.0$\times$$10^{-2}$ and Doppler frequencies $F_D$=320Hz. With increasing Doppler frequency, therefore, the BER performance of RLS algorithm with linear interpolation is superior to WMSA(K=L.3) and constant rain algorithms.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.755-764
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose maximum likelihood (ML) decision feedback channel estimation (DFCE) for M-ary orthogonal modulation in direct sequence/code division multiple access (DS/CDMA) systems. The proposed DFCE uses the maximum combiner output in a RAKE receiver as decision feedback information, enabling M-ary orthogonal signals to be demodulated coherently and a RAKE receiver to use a em maximal ration combining (MRC) scheme. However, the performance of the proposed DFCE in the multiuser environment is severely degraded due to multiple access interference (MAI). To overcome this problem, a multistage parallel interference cancellation (PIC) scheme is combined with the proposed DFCE for multiuser environments. Accurate knowledge of the channel coefficient estimated by the proposed DFCE is used to regenerate the signal of each user for the multistage PIC scheme. According to the results of our simulations, the performance of coherent demodulation using the proposed system is significantly improved in comparison with conventional noncoherent demodulation.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.54-60
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• 2008

The atomization characteristics of the dual air supplying twin-fluid nozzle were investigated experimentally using PIV and PDA systems. The two-fluid nozzle is composed of three main parts: the feeding injector to supply fluid that is controlled by a PWM (pulse-width modulation) mode, the adaptor as a device with the ports for supplying the carrier and assist air and the main nozzle to produce the spray. The main nozzle has the swirl tip with four equally spaced tangential slots, which give the injecting fluid an angular momentum. The angle of the swirl tip varied with 0$^{\circ}$ 30$^{\circ}$, 60$^{\circ}$ and 90$^{\circ}$, and the ratios of carrier air to assist air and ALR(total air to liquid) were 0.55 and 1.23, respectively. The macroscopic behavior of the spray was investigated using PIV system, and the mean velocity, turbulent intensity and SMD distributions of the sprays were measured using PDA system. As the results, the mean axial velocity at the spray centerline decrease with the increase of the swirl angle. The turbulent intensities of the axial and radial velocity were increased with the increase of the swirl angle. The mean SMD (Sauter mean diameter) of the radial direction along the axial distance shows the lowest value at the swirl angle of 60$^{\circ}$.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.150-160
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• 2015

We previously reported that 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) accelerates hematopoiesis and has an improving effect on animal disease models such as sepsis and asthma. The effects of PLAG supplementation on immune modulation were assessed in healthy men and women. The objective was to evaluate the effects of PLAG supplementation on immune regulatory functions such as activities of immune cells and cytokine production. A randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted. Seventy-five participants were assigned to one of two groups; all participants had an appropriate number of white blood cells on the testing day. The PLAG group (n=27) received oral PLAG supplements and the control group (n=22) received oral soybean oil supplements. IL-4 and IL-6 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were lower (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) with PLAG than with soybean oil. However, the production of IL-2 and IFN-$\gamma$ by PBMC was unaltered with PLAG supplementation. The B cell proliferation decreased significantly in the PLAG group compared to the soybean oil control (p<0.05). The intake of PLAG in healthy adults for 4 weeks was deemed safe. These data suggest that PLAG has an immunomodulatory function that inhibits the excessive immune activity of immunological disorders such as atopic and autoimmune diseases. PLAG could improve the condition of these diseases safely as a health food supplement.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.8B
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• pp.809-818
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose a fast cell search algorithm keeping compatible with the standard cell search algorithm of the WCDMA system. The proposed algorithm can acquire the synchronization of slot and frame times, and the code group identification using only one synchronization channel while the standard algorithm employs two synchronization channels called P-SCH and S-SCH. The proposed synchronization channel structure is the same as the P-SCH structure of the WCDMA system. However, the P-SCH is modulated with a specific polarization code, which is one element of new code group codes. The proposed algorithm can reduce both the BS' transmission power and the complexity of receiver as compared with the conventional one since only on synchronization channel is used. It is shown through the computer simulation that the proposed algorithm yields a significant improvement in terms of cell search time compared with the standard especially in low SNR environments.