• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.131-145
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• 2013

The purposes of this research are : to analyze biotop type and carry out conservation value assessment in study areas, Daegu Science Park national industrial complex; to supply basic data for the landscape ecological planning; and to improve the application of assessment model with the development of Biotop Value Assessment Tool (B-VAT). The result is as follows. First of all, the field survey showed 434 species of flora and 220 species of insecta. According to the result of biotop type analysis in the biotop classification system with field survey, 13 biotope groups and 63 biotope types were classified. In the map of biotop type classification, readjusted farmland biotop(FA) was prevalent and forest biotop(E) was shown to the southeast side of the site. Next, according to the first assessment with B-VAT, total 19 biotop types including natural river(BA) with abundant plants had I grade and total 16 biotop types such as vegetable garden adjacent to river(BC) had V grade. In terms of the second assessment, we analyzed total 30 areas, total 82 areas, respectively, which had special meaning for the conservation of species and biotop(1a, 1b) and which had meaning for the conservation of species and biotop(2a, 2b, 2c). This research will be a basic data, which can solve the damage problem systematically and control it landscape-friendly with biotop classification and assessment which we developed. In particular, we expect that biotop value assessment tool(B-VAT) with GIS will be a great contribution to popularity compared with the value model by complicated algorism such as adding-matrix, weight and equal distribution. In addition, this will save the time and improve the accuracy for hand-counting.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.13-26
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to select the study area, which will be formed into Daegu Science Park as an national industrial complex, and to assess the landscape value based on biotop classification with different polygon forms, and to develop and computerize Biotop Value Assessment Tool (B-VAT) based on GIS. The result is as follows. First, according to the result of biotop classification based on an advanced analysis on preliminary data, a field study, and a literature review, total 13 biotop groups such as forrest biotop groups and total 63 biotop types were classified. Second, based on the advanced research on landscape value assessment model of biotop, we development biotop value assessment tool by using visual basic programming language on the ArcGIS. The first application result with B-VAT showed that the first grade was classified into 19 types including riverside forest(BE), the second grade 12 types including artificial plantation(ED), and the third class, the fourth grade, and the fifth grade 12 types, 2 types, and 18 types respectively. Also, according to the second evaluation result with above results, we divided a total number of 31 areas and 34 areas, which had special meaning for landscape conservation(1a, 1b) and which had meaning for landscape conservation(2a, 2b, 2c). As such, biotop type classification and an landscape value evaluation, both of which were suggested from the result of the study, will help to scientifically understand a landscape value for a target land before undertaking reckless development. And it will serve to provide important preliminary data aimed to overcome damaged landscape due to developed and to manage a landscape planning in the future. In particular, we expect that B-VAT based on GIS will help overcome the limitations of applicability for of current value evaluation models, which are based on complicated algorithms, and will be a great contribution to an increase in convenience and popularity. In addition, this will save time and improve the accuracy for hand-counting. However, this study limited to aesthetic-visual part in biotop assessment. Therefore, it is certain that in the future research comprehensive assessment should be conducted with conservation and recreation view.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.241-248
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• 2001

Natural indigo dyeing has been used mainly on cellulosic fibers and silk during the course of history in Korea. In order to extend the usage of this one of the most important natural dyes, its dyeability on wool fabrics has been studied to find out the optimum dyeing condition for wool fiber which is susceptible to alkaline medium. The dyeing method used was hydrosulphite vat of extracted dye. K/S values of dyed fabrics were investigated to analyze the dyeability of natural indigo on wool fibers and colors were measured through $L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$ and Munsell Values. Highest K/S values were obtained at the temperature of 60(C and pH 7 to 8. The Munsell Values for hue of wool fabrics dyed with extracted indigo powder using hydrosulphite vat fell mostly in PB range. As the dyebath pH increased, blueness increased. Different dyeing conditions resulted in change of colors of dyed fabrics due to the difference in amounts of indigotin and indirubin contents within the dyed fiber as shown by HPLC.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2013

Hydrodynamic aspects on three-dimensional effects were investigated in this study for simple and convenient conversion of tidal stream energy using a Vertical-Axis Turbine (VAT). Numerical approach was made to reveal the differences of flow physics between 2-D estimation and rigorous 3-D simulation. It was shown that the 3-D effects were dominant mainly due to the variation of tip vortices around the tip region of rotor blade, causing the loss of lift for steadily translating hydrofoil and the reduction of torque for rotating turbine blade. The 3-D effect was found to be rather prominent for the typical VATs considered in this paper. Simple and yet efficient 2-D approach with the correction of its three-dimensionality was also proposed for practical design and analysis of VAT.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.253-259
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• 2016

Objectives: Central obesity plays a major role in the development of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. Chronic stress may be involved in the pathophysiology of central obesity. Although several large-scale genome-wide association studies have reported susceptibility genes for central adiposity, the effects of interactions between genes and psychosocial stress on central adiposity have rarely been examined. A recent study focusing on Caucasians discovered the novel gene early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1), which was associated with central obesity-related traits via interactions with stress levels. We aimed to evaluate EBF1 gene-by-stress interaction effects on central adiposity traits, including visceral adipose tissue (VAT), in Korean adults. Methods: A total of 1467 Korean adults were included in this study. We selected 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the EBF1 gene and analyzed their interactions with stress on central adiposity using additive, dominant, and recessive genetic modeling. Results: The four SNPs that had strong linkage disequilibrium relationships (rs10061900, rs10070743, rs4704967, and rs10056564) demonstrated significant interactions with the waist-hip ratio in the dominant model ($p_{int}$<0.007). In addition, two other SNPs (rs6556377 and rs13180086) were associated with VAT by interactions with stress levels, especially in the recessive genetic model ($p_{int}$<0.007). As stress levels increased, the mean values of central adiposity traits according to SNP genotypes exhibited gradual but significant changes (p<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that the common genetic variants for EBF1 are associated with central adiposity through interactions with stress levels, emphasizing the importance of managing stress in the prevention of central obesity.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 1999

This study involves the research about relationship between visual charts and illumination. The subjects were both males and females in their teens and twenties. The examination instrument used was a B-VAT II BVS(Mentol) which was produced in the USA, and the illumination used was a low illumination of 100LUX and a high illumination of 1500LUX in the clinical examination room. The results were as follows: 1. Different types of illumination resulted in similar values of visual acuity. 2. In the male teen subjects, the Snellen visual acuity was better than the numerical visual acuity when using low illumination. But the Landolt visual acuity presented similar results when using both low and high illumination. 3. In male subjects in their twenties, the Numerical visual acuity was better than the Landolt and Snellen visual acuity under low illumination. 4. In the female teen subjects, The Snellen visual acuity was better than the Landolt and Numerical visual acuity under low illumination. 5. In the female subjects in their twenties, The Snellen, Landolt and numerical visual acuities were high under low illumination. 6. Different types of illumination resulted in 0.3 or 0.4 variation of visual acuity. 7. The males and females was similar to the visual acuity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Atherosclerosis is associated with increased inflammation in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Vitamin D has been reported to modulate the inflammatory responses of stromal vascular cells (SVCs) and adipocytes in adipose tissue, but the role of vitamin D in atherosclerosis biology is unclear. This study examined the effects of in vitro 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1,25[OH]₂D₃) treatment on the inflammatory responses of SVCs and adipocytes from atherosclerotic mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6J (B6) mice were divided randomly into 2 groups and fed a 10% kcal fat control diet (control group, CON) or 41% kcal fat, 0.21% cholesterol (high fat + cholesterol, HFC) diet (obese group, OB), and B6.129S7-Ldlr^tm1Her/J (Ldlr^-/-) mice were fed a HFC diet (obese with atherosclerosis group, OBA) for 16 weeks. SVCs and adipocytes isolated from VAT were pre-incubated with 1,25(OH)₂D₃ for 24 h and stimulated with lipopolysaccarides for the next 24 h. Proinflammatory cytokine production by adipocytes and SVCs, the immune cell population in SVCs, and the expression of the genes involved in the inflammatory signaling pathway in SVCs were determined. RESULTS: The numbers of total macrophages and SVCs per mouse were higher in OB and OBA groups than the CON group. The in vitro 1,25(OH)₂D₃ treatment significantly reduced macrophages/SVCs (%) in the OBA group. Consistent with this change, the production of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) by SVCs from the OBA group was decreased by 1,25(OH)₂D₃ treatment. The 1,25(OH)₂D₃ treatment significantly reduced the toll-like receptor 4 and dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1 (also known as mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1) mRNA levels in SVCs and MCP-1 production by adipocytes from all 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that vitamin D can attribute to the inhibition of the inflammatory response in VAT from atherosclerotic mice by reducing proinflammatory cytokine production.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.17-32
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• 2013

Reckless development policy, which has continued during the past several decades, caused landscape damage. In order to solve this problem, it is very urgent to conserve the habitat and to establish systematic database. Recently, various researches related to landscape damage have been conducted actively and the necessity of landscape ecological planning based on the biotop mapping has been issued as one of the solutions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to select the study area, which is located in Guji-meon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu and will be formed into Daegu Science Park, and then to develop and apply the landscape ecological planning model based on biotop mapping in district unit. The results are as follows. Fist of all, according to the results of biotop classification with field survey and literature review, total 13 biotop and total 63 biotop types were classified. According to the first evaluation with B-VAT, total 19 biotop types were classified I grade including natural river with abundant plants(BA) and so on. While V grade, which has lowest value, was classified 16 biotop types including vegetable garden adjacent to river(BC). Also the second evaluation, we analyzed total 30 areas such as 1a, 1b grades, which had special meaning for the conservation of species and biotop. Next, 2a, 2b, 2c grades were analyzed total 82 areas. Secondly, in the compliance with Ecological landscape planning, we divided landscape planning model into two parts such as setting of improvement goal and detailed implement plan. For instance, setting of improvement goal, we classified 9 parts such as conservation region and parts of detailed implement plan, we classified total 28 planning indicators with 4 view such as the region which should be special protected from nature and landscape. Lastly, with the developed landscape model we applied to research areas, made maps, and differentiate proposals in each region. Specially, the final master plan was made to help understand the contents of detailed landscape planning. This study will be a useful data, which can solve the landscape damage problem systematically and control it landscape-friendly with biotop classification, evaluation, landscape ecological planning model, and application method which we developed.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-37
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• 2006

This paper focuses on finding out visualization process by means of VTA(Visual Task Analysis) of expert teachers' simple task. Findings indicate teachers have coding schema of performing visual task as such; (a) the analyzing by reading and some activities in the task text, (b) conceptualizing or understanding in his/her own way, (c) the explaining of the action or product, (d) the searching by thinking or finding, (e) the decision of visualizing of the task. Expert teachers tried to visualize in the form of abstract graph, and to omit the object which was not directly related to the topic at the pilot study. VAT based on ground theory and protocol analysis was developed and performed. This case study suggests that an additional study for searching a guide and method might be beneficial for conducting a visual task analysis.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.529-535
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• 2020

The present study investigated the photodegradation of synthetic organic dye; violet-3B, without and with the addition of C-N-codoped TiO₂ catalyst using a visible halogen-lamp as a light source. The catalyst was synthesized by using a peroxo sol-gel method with free-organic solvent. The effects of initial dye concentration, catalyst dosage, and pH solution on the photodegradation of violet-3B were examined. The efficiency of the photodegradation process for violet-3B dye was higher at neutral to less acidic pH. The kinetics reaction rate of photodegradation of violet-3B dye with the addition of C-N-codoped TiO₂ followed pseudo-first order kinetics represented by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, and increasing the initial concentration of dyes decreased rate constants of photodegradation. Photodegradation of 5 mg L^-1 violet-3B dye achieved 96% color removal within 240 min of irradiation in the presence of C-N-codoped TiO₂ catalyst, and approximately 44% TOC was removed as a result of the mineralization.