• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2010

The present study was undertaken to establish reference values for the composition blood lymphocyte populations and compare forty three Hanwoo neonatal calves (KC) with twenty one Holstein calves (HC) by blood cell count and immunophynotying. The percentages of CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, CD26+, ACT2+, MHC class, MHC class II and WC1+ T cells, B cells were determined by flow cytometry. The number of lymphocyte and monocyte in HC were higher than those of KC. However, the number of neutrophils was higher in HC than KC. The proportions of CD2+, CD4+, CD8+, MHC class, and WC1+ lymphocytes remained relatively stable during the study period, while there was a moderate increase in the relative percentage of CD26+, ACT2+, MHC class II and B cell from birth to approximately 3 weeks of age. Marked differences in the relative proportions of the lymphocyte subpopulations were noted between the individual calves. The present study shows that the T-cell subpopulations are present in peripheral blood of KC at levels comparable with HC, while the MHC class II and B cell population of KC increases significantly with age. The absolute number of WBC in KC was due to the decrease of absolute number of neutrophil rather than the increase of lymphocyte. The results indicated that KC have significantly higher number of neutrophils, and proportion of MHC class II and B cell than HC.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 2014

The effect of cordycepin purified from Cordyceps militaris on macrophage activation was investigated in peritoneal macrophages isolated from C57BL6 mice. Lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse peritoneal cells showed that cordycepin treatment increased the expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), leading to early inflammation-mediated reactions, the activation of immunological responses, and T lymphocyte activation. T lymphocytes, activated by a greater production of IL-6, resulted in antibody-generating immune reactions, suggesting that cordycepin was effective at inducing immunological responses. Consistent with the increase in the inflammation-mediating factors including nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$), the toxic response of macrophages was activated and effectively induced inflammation. These findings demonstrate that cordycepin is involved in reducing cell injury provoked by inflammatory reactions. Therefore, these results suggest that cordycepin treatment of mouse peritoneal cells induces inflammation-mediated immunological responses and immunostimulation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.608-615
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• 2002

Background : ADA is an enzyme found in most cells, and is involved in purine metabolism, but its chief role concerns the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes, especially T-lymphocytes. For that reason ADA has been looked on as a marker of cell-mediate immunity, which is the key mechanism of the tuberculous pleural effusion. Thus, the pleural fluid ADA activity is increased in the tuberculous pleural effusion. Age associated immune decline is characterized by decreases in both B and T-lymphocyte function and the former may be largely a result of the latter. Therefore, the pleural fluid ADA activity would be lower in old rather than in young, patients with tuberculous pleural effusion. We studied the relationship between age, and pleural fluid ADA activity, in patients with tuberculous pleural effusion. Materials and Methods : In the 46 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion enroll in this study, the pleural fluid ADA activities were measured by means of an automated kinetic method. Results : The mean age of the patients was $53.0{\pm}22.0$ years, with a male to female ratio of 30:16. The patients were divided into two groups, young patients, regarded as < 65 and old regarded as ${\geq}65$ years with 28 and 18 patients, respectively. The pleural fluid ADA activity in both groups show significant differences : $99.4{\pm}22.6$ IU/L(young patients) Vs. $75.8{\pm}30.9$ IU/L(old patients)(p<0.05), but a negative correlation with age (r=-0.311, p<0.05). Conclusion : Although pleural fluid ADA activity was not adequately increased, tuberculous pleural effusion, in older patients, would have to be considered clinically suspicious tuberculous pleural effusion.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.390-409
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• 2011

기능성 다당체는 자연계에 두루 존재하며 특히 많은 천연소재 유래 다당체의 경우 거의 부작용없이 광범위한 면역조절 기능을 나타내는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 이들 다당체의 면역증진 기능성은 다양한 경로와 타켓을 대상으로 나타나고 있으며 각 다당체의 기능성 차이는 그들에 구조적 차이에 기인한 것으로 판단되고 있다. BRM의 일종으로 천연소재 유래 다당체는 면역기관이나 T와 B 림프구, 대식세포, NK cell, LAK 세포 및 수지상 세포 등 면역세포의 활성화, 사이토카인 및 항체의 생성, 적혈구의 면역기능에 영향을 미쳐 생체방어 기능, 즉 면역기능을 증진시켜 주는 것으로 보고 되었다. 또한 lentinan, PSK, PSP, PUPS 등과 같이 이미 잘 알려진 다당체의 경우, 이들 다당체가 지닌 품질 안정성, 정확한 효능, 낮은 독성 및 부작용 등을 근간으로 다양한 항암치료제의 보조제로서 활용가능성도 높아지고 있다. 반면 다당체를 이용한 기능성 구명 연구에서는 몇 가지 제한이 있는 것도 사실이다. 첫째로 비교가능한 적절한 기능성 다당체의 비교 표준이 부재하다는 것이며 두 번째로는 대부분의 다당체 관련 연구가 보다 철저한 구조적, 정성적 연구결과 없이 주로 추출물을 이용한 연구로 진행되어 정확한 분자수준에서의 면역조절 기전을 구명하기 어렵다는 점이다. 마지막으로 정확한 기능 구명을 위한 신호전달경로 관련 연구, 수용체 관련연구 및 임상연구 등이 부족하다는 점이다. 따라서 향후 다당체를 이용한 면역력 증진 등 기능성 구명연구의 활성화를 위해서는 보다 정확한 기능성 다당 분획의 구조분석 및 동정 연구가 수행되어야 할 것이며 이는 분자 수준의 기능성을 이해하는데 주요한 요인이 될 것으로 판단되었다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.120-122
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• 2002

A 9-year-old boy of B blood group with end-stage renal disease due to IgA nephropathy received group O kidney transplantation from his father On day 9, he developed intravascular hemolysis, and anti-B autoantibody formation was confirmed. We diagnosed as immune hemolytic anemia due to passenger lymphocyte from donor, and cyclosporine withdrawl was done. Anemia resolved spontaneously, but on day 18, graft dysfunction developed, and graft biopsy revealed acute allograft rejection. Although hemolysis due to autoantibody is very rare and often mild, and the role of hemoglobinuria on acute rejection in this case is not certain, we recommend consideration of aggressive management on severe hemolysis after minor mismatched kidney transplantation. (J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2002 ; 6 : 120-2)

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 2004

Objectives : There has been gradually increasing concern about the adverse health effects of electromagnetic radiation originating from cell phones which are widely used in modern life. Cell phone radiation may affect human health by increasing free radicals of human blood cells. This study has been designed to identify DNA damage of blood cells by electromagnetic radiation caused by cell phone use. Methods : This study investigated the health effect of acute exposure to commercially available cell phones on certain parameters such as an indicator of DNA damage for 14 healthy adult volunteers. Each volunteer during the experiment talked over the cell phone with the keypad facing the right side of the face for 4 hours. The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay), which is very sensitive in detecting the presence of DNA strand-breaks and alkali-labile damage in individual cells, was used to assess peripheral blood cells (T-cells, B-cells, granulocytes) from volunteers before and after exposure to cell phone radiation. The parameters of Comet assay measured were Olive Tail Moment and Tail DNA %. Results : The Olive Tail Moment of B-cells and granulocytes and Tail DNA % of B-cells and granulocytes were increased by a statistically significant extent after 4-hour use of a cell phone compared with controls. Conclusion : It is concluded that cell phone radiation caused the DNA damage during the 4 hours of experimental condition. Nonetheless, this study suggested that cell phone use may increase DNA damage by electromagnetic radiation and other contributing factors.

• Korean Journal of Transplantation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.84-91
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• 2018

Background: This study examined the outcomes of ABO incompatible living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). The changes in the immunologic factors that might help predict the long term outcomes were also studied. Methods: Twenty-three patients, who underwent ABO incompatible LDLT from 2010 to 2015, were reviewed retrospectively. The protocol was the same as for ABO compatible LDLT except for the administration of rituximab and plasma exchange. The clinical outcomes and immunologic factors, such as isoagglutinin titer and cluster of differentiation 20+ (CD20+) lymphocyte levels were reviewed. Results: The center showed a 3-year survival of 64% with no case of antibody-mediated rejection. When transplantation-unrelated mortalities (for example, traffic accidents and myocardial infarction) were removed from statistical analysis, the 3-year survival was 77.8%. Although isoagglutinin titers continued to remain at low levels, the CD20+ lymphocyte levels recovered to the pre-Rituximab levels at postoperative one year. Conclusions: As donor shortages continue, ABO incompatible liver transplantation is a feasible method to expand the donor pool. On the other hand, caution is still needed until more long-term outcomes are reported. Because CD20+ lymphocytes are recovered with time, more immunologic studies will be needed in the future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2007

We investigated the immunomodulatory actions of water extract from Acanthopanax senticosus in male ICR mice. The mice were treated with fermented milk containing three added doses of freeze dried extract: 3 mg/kg (A), 9 mg/kg (B), and 27 mg/kg (C) of body weight with Acanthopanax senticosus: Codonopsis lanceolata (8:2) for 7 and 10 weeks, respectively. Organ weights, plaque-forming cell tests, agglutination tests, IgG tests, differential white cell counts, and histological tests were performed at the 7th and 10th weeks of dietary treatment. There were no significant differences in body weight and organ weight. The spleen indices of group B at 7 weeks and group C at 10 weeks were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). For the plaque-forming cell test, groups B and C at 7 weeks, and group C at 10 weeks, showed significant increases over the control group (p<0.05). The agglutination test decreased with an extended experimental period. Groups A, B, and C at 7 weeks, and groups B and C at 10 weeks, had greater antibody responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) than the control group. The IgG antibody production of group C at 7 weeks and groups B and C at 10 weeks were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). In groups B and C, lymphocyte percentage was higher than the control group, and their spleen and thymus tissues showed active immune reactions.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2020

Purpose: Human parvovirus B19 infection is widespread and has a heterogeneous clinical spectrum, ranging from asymptomatic infection to potentially life-threatening complications. We investigated the various clinical features of human parvovirus B19 infection during an outbreak of the virus in our community. Methods: A retrospective chart review study was conducted at the Pusan National University Children's Hospital from December 2017 to April 2019. We investigated the clinical features of children with parvovirus B19 immunoglobulin M or parvovirus B19 DNA detected using polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 24 children were diagnosed with parvovirus B19 infection. Twelve (50%) had lace form rashes, and four (16.7%) had petechial rashes. Two (8.3%) were diagnosed with fever without a focus. Six (25%) developed aplastic crisis as a complication of infection, of whom three were previously diagnosed with hereditary spherocytosis and three with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Conclusions: In addition to erythema infectiosum, the parvovirus B19 infection can present clinically with various types of rashes and fever without a focus. Furthermore, hematologic manifestations such as neutropenia and aplastic crisis can occur during infection.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2007

The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of Korean mistletoe (KM) on performance and blood characteristics in broiler chickens. A total of four hundred eighty, 1-d-old male broiler chicks (Ross) were divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates of 30 birds each. The treatments were NC (antibiotics-free diet), PC (NC diet added antibiotics), 0.5% KM (NC diet added 0.5% of KM) and 1.0% KM (NC diet added 1.0% of KM), and the birds were raised for 49 days. There were no significant differences in feed intake and body weight gain among treatments. On d 49, the relative length of jejunum in 1.0% KM tended to be increased or significantly (P<0.05) increased compare to those of other groups. On d 35, the colony forming unit of Salmonella spp. of ceca significantly (P<0.05) decreased by feeding KM. The counts of lymphocyte of KM significantly (P<0.05) increased compare to those of the PC.