• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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• pp.17-17
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• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.118-126
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• 2001

목적 : 본 연구에서는 원발성 간암의 국소 방사선치료 시 조사선량을 높여준 것이 종양의 반응의 향상을 유도하였는지 분석하고자 하였다. 또한, 저선량을 조사하였던 환자들과 고선량을 조사하였던 환자들의 종양의 반응 및 부작용과 이에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 분석함으로써 향후 적절한 조사선량 범위를 결정하는데 유용한 기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 대상 환자의 선정 기준은 방사선치료의 과거력이 없는 경우, 간외전이가 없는 경우, 간경변증의 정도가 Child's class A 또는 B군인 경우, 종양이 전체 간 용적의 2/3를 넘지 않는 경우, 전신수행도가 ECOG 3기 이상으로 악화되지 않은 경우로 하였다. 1992년 1월부터 2000년 3월까지 원발성 간암에 국소 방사선치료를 시행 받은 환자들 중 158명이 연구 대상에 포함되었다. 조사영역은 종양과 주변 부위 $2\~3\;cm$를 포함하였고 일일 1.8 Gy씩 주 5회 조사되었다. 방사선치료 전과 종료 후 $4\~6$주째의 컴퓨터 단층 촬영 영상 및 자기 공명 영상, 간동맥 혈관 촬영 영상 등을 이용하여 조사영역 내의 종양의 반응을 평가하였다. 주 1회 혈액 검사를 시행하여 말초 혈액 혈구수 및 간기능을 관찰하였다. 치료의 종료 후 체중 증가, 복수, 간종대 등의 소견을 관찰하였고 4주와 8주에 간기능 검사를 시행하였다. 위장관계의 부작용은 상부위장관 내시경을 시행하여 확인하였다. 종양의 관해 정도에 따라 반응군과 비반응군으로 구분한 후 조사선량의 분포를 통계적으로 분석하였다. 또한, 연구대상을 조사선량에 따라 세 군으로 분류하고 종양의 반응과 임상적 특성을 분석하였다. 결과 : 종양의 반응은 106명이 부분 관해를 보여서 반응군의 비율은 $67.1\%$이었다. 완전 관해는 없었다. 종양이 $50\%$ 이하로 감소된 경우가 41명$(25.9\%)$, 종양의 진행을 보인 경우가 11명$(7\%)$이었다. 반응군의 평균 조사선량은 $50.1{\pm}6.6\;Gy$이었고 비반응군의 평균 조사선량은 $44.3{\pm}9.0\;Gy$로 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이를 보였다. 다변량 분석에서도 조사선량이 p-value 0.001로 유일하게 의미 있는 인자로 나타났다. 종양의 반응률은 조사선량이 40 Gy 미만인 군에서 $29.2\%$, 40 Gy에서 50 Gy사이인 군에서 $68.6\%$, 50 Gy를 넘는 환자 군에서 $77.1\%$로 나타났다. 종양의 크기는 40 Gy 미만인 군에서 $9.8{\pm}2.6\;cm$, 40 Gy에서 50 Gy사이인 군에서 $9.8{\pm}2.6\;cm$, 50 Gy를 넘는 환자 군에서 $8.3{\pm}3.2\;cm$로 고선량을 조사한 군에서 작았다. 간문맥 혈전증은 각각 $66.7\%,\;64.7\%,\;37.3\%$에서 양성으로 50 Gy를 넘는 선량이 조사된 군에서 상대적으로 간문맥 혈전증의 양성률이 낮았다. 방사선 간염, 십이지장의 궤양은 조사선량을 증가시킬수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 경미한 정도의 복수가 발생하거나 전형적인 방사선 간염의 발생, 위장관계의 염증 등이 치료 전 간경변증이 심할수록 현저히 많이 발생하는 경향을 보였다. 결론 : 원발성 간암에서 국소 방사선치료를 시행하는 경우 고선량이 조사될수록 반응군의 비율이 증가하는 선량반응 관계가 성립함을 확인할 수 있었다. 고선량이 조사될수록 대상 환자의 종양의 크기가 작았고 간문맥 혈전증의 비율도 적었는데 이는 병기가 낮은 경우 완치를 목표로 오히려 고선량을 투여하는 경향 때문으로 생각되었다. 조사선량이 50 Gy를 넘는 경우 조사선량의 증가에 따른 반응률의 향상이 현저하지 않은 반면 방사선 간염의 발생은 간경변증의 정도에 크게 영향을 받는다는 점을 고려할 때, 조사선량의 증가는 반드시 치료를 받는 대상 환자의 간기능과 간경변증의 정도 등을 고려하여 조심스럽게 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.254-261
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• 1995

1992년(년) 전국(全國) 9개도(個道) 121개(個) 시 군(市 郡)의 2459개소(個所)에서 논종류(種類), 작부양식(作付樣式), 재배양식(裁培樣式), 이앙시기(移快時期), 경운방법(耕耘方法) 및 시기(時期)에 따른 논잡초발생(雜草發生) 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果), 1. 논잡초(雜草)의 형태적(形態的) 특성(特性)에 따른 분포비율(分布比率)은 화본과(禾本科) 9.0%, 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草) 42.6%, 방동사니과 33.4%, 기타 15.0%로 나타났다. 2. 1992년 발생한 논잡초(雜草)의 형태별(形態別) 초종수(草種數)는 화본과(禾本科) 5, 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草) 27, 방동사니과 7등 총(總) 39개(個) 초종(草種)인 것으로 알려졌다. 3. 전국(全國) 논잡초(雜草)의 생활형(生活型)에 따른 분포비율(分布比率)은 일년생(一年生) 33.4%, 다년생(多年生) 66.6%로 나타났다. 4. 논유형별(類型別) 논잡초의 발생양상(發生樣相)은 보통답, 사질답, 미숙답에서 올방개의 발생이 가장 높았으며 습답에서는 벗풀이 가장 많이 우점(優占)하는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 간척답에서는 물달개비의 발생량이 높은 것으로 알려졌다. 5. 벼 재배양식별(栽培樣式別) 논 잡초(雜草)의 발생정도(發生程度)는 손이앙재배답(移秧我培畓)에서는 벗풀, 물달개비, 사마귀풀 등의 발생량이 많았으며 어린모 및 중묘기계이앙답(機械移秧畓)에서는 올방개, 벗풀의 우점도(優占度)가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편 관수직파재배(灌水直播栽培)에서는 물달개비, 피, 나도겨풀 등이 건(乾) 답직파재배(畓直播栽培)에서는 피, 너도방동사니 등의 발생량이 매우 많은 것으로 알려졌다. 6. 작부양식별(作付樣式別) 논잡초(雜草)의 발생양상(發生樣相)은 일모작지대(一毛作地帶)에서는 올방개, 벗풀, 물달개비, 피, 올미 등이 우점(優占)하였고, 이모작지대(二毛作地帶)에서는 벗풀, 올미, 물달개비, 피, 올방개 등이 각각 많았다. 7. 이앙시기(移秧時期)에 따른 전국(全國) 논잡초(雅草) 우점정도(優占程度)에서는 5월 25일 이앙(移秧)에서는 올방개, 벗풀, 올미, 물달개비, 피, 너도방동사니 등의 발생량이 많았으며, 6월 10일 이앙(移秧)에서는 올방개, 벗풀, 피, 너도방동사니, 물달개비 등이, 6월 25일 이앙(移秧)에서는 올미, 올방개, 물달개비, 벗풀, 피 등의 발생량(發生量)이 각각 많은 것으로 알려졌다. 8. 경운시기(耕耘時期)에 따른 논잡초(雜草)의 발생현황(發生現況)은 추경답(秋耕畓)에서는 벗풀, 올방개, 물달개비, 올미, 피 등이, 춘경답(春耕畓)에서는 올방개, 벗풀, 피, 물달개비, 올미 등의 우점도(優占度)가 높은 편이었다. 특히 무경운(無耕耘) 벼 재배답(栽培畓)에서는 사마귀풀, 올미, 너도방동사니, 올방개, 피 등의 발생이 각각 많았다. 9. 지대별(地帶別) 논잡초(雜草)의 발생양상(發生樣相)은 평야지(平野地)에서는 올방개, 벗풀, 물달개비, 피, 올미 등이, 중산간지(中山間地)에서는 벗풀, 올방개, 물달개비, 피, 여뀌바늘 등이, 산간지(山間地)에서는 벗풀, 물달개비, 가래, 올방개, 피 등의 발생량이 각각 많은 것으로 나타났다. 10. 1992년 전국(全國) 10대 주요 논잡초(雜草)의 우점도(優占度)는 올방개, 벗풀, 피, 물달개비, 올미, 너도방동사니, 여뀌바늘, 가래, 사마귀풀, 올챙이고랭이 순(順)으로 높았다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.736-745
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• 1998

연구배경: 횡격막의 운동은 흉부 단순 촬영과 fluoroscopy로 관찰해 왔으나 근래 초음파에 의해서 횡격막의 운동거리와 두께를 측정하는 연구들이 있어왔다. 초음파 검사의 장점을 살펴보면 간편하고 비침습적이며 방사선조사가 없고 재현성과 정확성이 있다는 점을 들 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 횡격막 운동 측정에 대한 초음파의 장점을 이용하여 정상인과 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서 횡격막 운동을 조사하고 그 결과를 폐기능 지표들과 비교하였다. 연구방법: 정상 성인 28례(의과대학생 16례, 나이를 고려한 대조군 12례)와 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자 17례를 대상으로 각각에서 폐기능 검사, 최대 흡기압, 최대 호기압과 초음파상 횡격막의 이동 거리를 측정하여 비교하였다. 초음파는 Aloka 사의 KEC-620 모델을 이용하였으며 앙와위 상태에서 환자의 쇄골 중심선에 해당하는 부위의 우상복부에 횡으로 3.5MHz 탐촉자를 대고 간을 에코창으로 이용하여 M-mode 상에서 평상 호흡시와 폐활량 호흡 또는 최대 호흡시의 횡격막 이동 거리를 3회 측정하여 그 평균값을 얻었으며 최대 흡기압과 최대호기압은 Chest사의 Vitalopower KH-101을 이용하여 3회 측정하여 그 평균값을 얻었다. 결 과: 정상인에서의 횡격막 이동거리는 평상호흡에는 1.5cm-1.7cm를 보였고 최대호흡시에는 5.7cm-6.7cm를 보였다. 정상인에서의 최대호흡시에 횡격막 이동거리는 $FEV_1$ $FEV_1/FVC$, PEF, PIF, 신장과 유의한 상관관계를 보였으나 다중 희귀분석에서는 $FEV_1$ 만이 유용한 예측지표로 계산되었다. 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서의 횡격막 이용거리는 평상호흡시에는 $1.5{\pm}0.6cm$로 정상인과 유의한 차이가 없었으나 최대호흡시에는 $3.7{\pm}1.3cm$로 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소되어 있었다. 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자군의 각 병기에 따라 횡격막 이동거리를 비교해 본 결과 최대호흡시 횡격막의 이동거리는 $FEV_1$이 감소할수록 짧은 경향을 보였으나 통계적 의의는 없었다. 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서의 최대호흡시에 횡격막 이동거리는 연령, PEmax, %FVC와 유의한 상관관계를 보였으나 다중 회귀분석에서는 최대호기압(PEmax)과 연령이 유의한 예측인자로 계산되었다. 결 론: 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자의 횡격막 이동거리는 정상인에 비해 유의하게 감소하였으며 최대호기압과 가장 좋은 상관관계를 보였다. 그러나 만성폐쇄성 폐질환 환자에서 횡격막 이동거리는 $FEV_1$과 유의한 상관관계를 발견할 수 없어서 초음파를 통한 횡격막 운동검사가 폐기능 평가의 또다른 생리적 지표로 이용될 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2002

인천 영종도와 영유도를 잇는 새로운 간척지에 건설되고 있는 인천국제공의 녹지 조경 식재 지반을 조성하는 데 필요한 기술적 지표와 효율적 관리 방안을 마련하기 위한 현지 연구가 1996년 6월부터 1998년 6월까지 24개월간 수행되었다. 인천국제공항 건설 부지 중 1995년 8월에 매립이 완료된 여객터미날 주차장 예정지에 8 ha의 시험포장을 조성하였다. 갯벌 지역에 대한 연구를 위하여 자생잔디 보호 구역 부근에 염생 식물 종자 채취 구역을 별도로 1.5ha 조성하였다. 조성된 $492{\times}190m^2$의 시험 포장에 암거 배수의 효과 및 적절한 배수 간격을 설정하기 위해 무암거배수구(A), 암거 간격 45m구(B), 암거간격 22.5m구(C)를 설치하였다. 배수 시설은 처리는 단반복으로 하였다. 토양 개량을 위한 식재 지반 처리는 준설 모래로 매립하여 지균작업을 하여 매립고를 맞춘 무처리를 두고, 산토 5-cm 복토구와 20-cm 복토구 처리, 화학비료 사용과 유기질비료의 시용, 인공 토양 조성구, 그리고 보습재의 처리 등을 조합하여 17개 처리를 하였다. 식재된 잔디는 5종으로 한국형 잔디로 들잔디, 영종도 자생 갯잔디, 도입 한지형 잔디로 한지형 혼파I(tall fescue 30%, kentucky blue grass 40%, perenial ryegrass 30%), 한지형 혼파II(tall fescue 40%, perenial ryegrass 20%, fine fescue 20%, alkaligrass 20%)이었다. 시험 포장의 토성은 모래로 염농도가 높았고, 유기물 함량과 비료 성분 함량이 낮아 비옥도가 낮은 토양이었다. 투수속도는 빠른 토양이었다. 암거 배수 후 제염은 빨랐다. 잔디 식재 후 암거 배수 처리간에는 토양의 투수속도가 매우 빠른 때문으로 잔디 생육도에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 토양 개량 처리에 따른 잔디의 피복도와 생육도를 비교한 결과 들잔디 영양체 식재구가 가장 좋았고, 한국잔디도 양호하였다. 양종도 자생 갯잔디의 피복도와 생육도는 이들보다 떨어졌다. 도입 잔디 한지형 혼파는 한국잔디 영양체 식재구에 비하여 떨어졌는 데, 이는 여양체 증식과 파종의 차이로 판단된다. 산토 20cm 복토구와 5cm 복토구의 잔디 생육을 비교한 결과 한국잔디 생육은 20cm복토구에서 좋았으나, 화하비료 사용시 도입 잔디 혼파구에서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 토양 개량재 시용구와 화학비료 시용구간에 큰 생육의 차이가 없었다. 축분 유기질 비료의 사용구는 화학비료 사용구에 비하여 한국잔디 영양체 식재에는 효과가 있었으나, 도입잔디 혼파에는 차이가 없었다. 보슘재 처리는 무처리에 비해 효과가 있었고, 산토 복토 보다는 미흡하나, 큰 차이는 없어, 산토 부족시 대체 효과가 있었다. 이 연구의 결과 인천공항 착륙대 잔디 식재 지반 조성에는 준설토 특성 상 암거 배수는 불필요하며, 토양 개량에는 한국 잔디 영양체가 식재에 산토 5-cm를 복토하면 충분한 것으로 판단되었다. 이와 함께 축분 발효 퇴비와 복합비료 기비가 필요하며, 고밀도의 잔디가 요구되는 곳에서는 산토 20cm 복토가 바람직한 것으로 판단되었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제7권
• /
• pp.92-104
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• 1966

서울대학교농과대학남녀기숙사생(大學校農科大學男女寄宿舍生) 552명(名)을 위(爲)한 영양관리향상(營養管理向上)과 영양교육(營養敎育)의 중요성(重要性)을 강조(强調)하기 위(爲)해서 위양조사(爲養調査)를 남자기숙사(男子寄宿舍)에 대(對)하여 1966년(年) 3월(月) 7일(日)부터 13일(日)까지 또 여학생기숙사(女學生寄宿舍)에 대(對)하여 동년(同年) 3월(月) 14일(日)부터 20일(日)까지 1주간(週間) 실시(實施)하였다. 상록사급식(常綠舍給食)은 한인(韓人) 25(歲男子營養勸?量)에 비교(比較)하면 Riboflavin 섭취량(攝取量)의 약간(若干)의 부족(不足)이 있는 이외(以外)는 칼로리 및 모-든 영양섭취량(營養攝取量)을 훨씬 능가(凌駕)하였다. 녹원사(鹿苑舍)의 급식(給食)은 한인(韓人) 25세여자권장량(歲女子勸?量)에 비교(比較)해서 칼로리 섭취량부족(攝取量不足)을 보였으나 생활양식(生活樣式)이 유사(類似)한 숙명여자대학교(淑明女子大學校) 기숙사생(寄宿舍生)을 대상(對象)으로 실측(實測)한 1 일평균(日平均)칼로리소비량(消費量)에 비(比)하면 150 칼로리만 부족(不足)하였다. 녹원사(鹿苑舍)는 철분(鐵分)과 Ascorbic acid를 제외(除外)한 모든 무기질(無機質)과 비타민류섭취량(類攝取量)이 약간(若干)식 부족(不足)하였다. 양기숙사(兩寄宿舍)의 P.cal%는 12.8% 내지(乃至) 12.8% 이었고, 단백가(蛋白價)는 상록사(常綠舍)에 있어서는 70, 녹원사(鹿苑舍)에 있어서는 79, NDp Cal%는 상록사(常綠舍)가 7 녹원사(鹿苑舍)가 8, Reference protein은 상록사(常綠舍) 55.8g, 녹원사(鹿苑舍)가 36.9g 임이 밝혀졌다. 일반적(一般的)으로 단백질(蛋白質)은 최소한도(最小限度) 1/3은 동물원(動物源)에서 섭취(攝取)할것을 영양학적(營養學的)으로 권장(勸?)하고 있으나 이연구조사(硏究調査)에서 얻은 결과(結果)와 Reference protein 및 NDp Cal%의 권장치(勸?値)를 비교(比較)하므로서 동식물성단백질(動植物性蛋白質)을 1 : 5의 비율(比率)로 섭취(攝取)하여도 질적(質的)으로 우수(優秀)한 다종류(多種類)의 식물성단백질(植物性蛋白質)의 합리적(合理的)인 혼식(混食)으로 말미암아 만족(滿足)스러운 결과(結果)를 나타낼수가 있음을 명백(明白)히 알게되었다. 조미료소비량(調味料消費量)에 있어서는 남녀사생간(男女舍生間)에 현저(顯著)한 차(差)를 보게 되었다. 남자사생(男子舍生)은 고춧가루에 있어서는 1.5g로서 여자사생(女子舍生)의 15 배(倍)를 소비(消費)하였으며, 고추장은 13g로서 여자사생(女子舍生)의 약 21 배(倍)를 소비(消費)하였다. 소금의 섭취소(攝取消)은 남자사생(男子舍生)이 34g를 소비(消費)하였고 여자사생(女子舍生)은 23g 를 소비(消費)하였으며 남자사생(男子舍生)이 여학생(女學生)보다 매웁고 짠것을 더 즐기는것을 알게 되었다. 상록사(常綠舍)에게는 단배질(蛋白質)의 량(量)을 다소감(多少減)하고 질(質)을 높이며 지방섭취량(脂肪攝取量)을 증가(增加)시켜, 급식(給食)의 부피를 줄일 것을 권하며 Riboflavin 의 증가(增加)도 필요(必要)하다. 녹원사(鹿苑舍)는 칼로리 및 비타민 B군(群)의 섭취량증가(攝取量增加)를 위(爲)하여 더많은 곡류(穀類), 특(特)히 보리를 취(取)하여야 할것이다. 또 녹황색채소(綠黃色菜蔬)의 증가(增加)시킬 필요(必要)가 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.19-62
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• 1985

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 국내(國內) 활엽수로서 중요한 참나무속(屬)의 상수리나무와 침엽수(針葉樹)의 대표적(代表的) 수종(樹種)인 소나무를 공시목(公試木)으로 선정(選定)하여 곡목가공분야(曲木加工分野)에서 널리 이용(利用)하는 자비법(煮沸法)과 증자법(蒸煮法)에 의한 휨가공성(加工性)을 조사(調査)하고, 이에 관련(關聯)된 인자(因子)로서 변(邊) 심재(心材), 연륜각도(年輪角度), 연화처리온도(軟化處理溫度), 연화처리시간(軟化處理時間), 목재함수율(木材含水率) 및 목재결함(木材缺陷) 등(等)의 영향(影響)과 휨가공(加工)후의 곡율반경변화(曲率半經變化) 및 약제처리(藥劑處理)에 의한 휨가공성(加工性)의 개선방법(改善方法)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 실시(實施)되었다. 이 때 사용(使用)된 자비(煮沸)와 증자처리용(蒸煮處理用) 시편(試片)의 크기는 두께와 너비 15mm, 길이 350mm이고 약제처리용시편(藥劑處理試片)의 크기는 두께 5mm, 너비 10mm 및 길이 200mm로 제작(製作)하였으며, 시편(試片)의 함수율(含水率)은 자비처리(煮沸處理)에는 생재(生材)를 사용(使用)하고 증자처리(蒸煮處理)에는 15%로 조습(調濕)된 건조재(乾燥材)를 사용(使用)하였다. 또한 약제처리(藥劑處理)는 포화요소용액(飽和尿素溶液), 35% 포르말린 용액(溶液), 25% 폴리에칠렌(400) 수용액(水溶液) 및 25% 암모니아수에 5일간(日間) 상온(常溫)으로 침지(浸漬)한 우 휨가공(加工)을 행하였다. 본(本) 시험(試驗)에서 얻은 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 상수리나무와 소나무의 목재내부온도(木材內部溫度)는 자비(煮沸) 또는 증자처리시간(蒸煮處理時間)에 따라 초기(初期) 약(約) $30^{\circ}C$까지 완만(緩慢)한 상승(上昇)을 보이다가 그 후 직선적(直線的)으로 급상승(急上昇)하며 후기(後期) $80{\sim}90^{\circ}C$부터는 다시 완만(緩慢)해지는 경향(傾向)을 나타냈다. 2. 최종온도(最終溫度) $100^{\circ}C$까지 도달(到達)하는 데 소요(所要)되는 연화처리시간(軟化處理時間)은 목재(木材)의 두께에 비례(比例)하며 두께 15mm 각재(角材)에 대한 $25^{\circ}C$에서 $100^{\circ}C$까지의 소요시간(所要時間)은 상수리나무 9.6~11.2분(分), 소나무 7.6~8.1분(分)으로서 소나무의 연화속도(軟化速度)가 보다 빠르게 나타났다. 3. 증자처리시간(蒸煮處理時間)의 경과(經過)에 따른 목재(木材)의 함수율증가경향(含水率增加傾向)은 처음 약(約)4분(分)까지 급증(急增)하나 그후 점차(漸次) 둔화(鈍化)되어 상수리나무는 20분(分), 소나무는 15분경(分頃)부터 거의 직선적(直線的)으로 완만(緩慢)하게 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타냈다. 두께 15mm 각재(角材)에 대한 초기함수율(初期含水率) 15%에서 50분간(分間) 증자처리(蒸煮處理) 후의 함수율증가량(含水率增加量)은 상수리나무 3.6%, 소나무 7.4%로서 소나무의 흡습속도(吸濕速度)가 빠르게 나타났다. 4. 자비처리시간(煮沸處理時間)이 경과(經過)함에 따라 두 수종(樹種) 모두 기계적(機械的) 성질(性質)이 현저하게 감소(減少)하였으며, 60분간(分間) 자비처리(煮沸處理)에 의한 기계적(機械的) 성질(性質)의 감소율)減少率)은 압축강도(壓縮强度) 35.6~45.0%, 인장간도(引張强度) 12.5~17.5%, 휨강도(强度) 31.6~40.9% 및 휨탄성계수(彈性係數) 23.3~34.6%로 나타났다. 5. 변재(邊材)와 심재별(心材別) 최소곡률반경(最小曲律半徑)은 각각(各各) 상수리나무에서 60~80mm 및 90mm, 소나무에서 260~300mm 및 280~300mm로 두 수종(樹種) 모두 변재(邊材)의 휨가공성(加工性)이 양호하였다. 6. 상수리나무의 정목재(柾木材)와 판목재별(板目材別) 최소곡률반경(最小曲律半徑)은 모두 60~80mm로서 차이(差異)가 없었으나 소나무에서는 각각(各各) 240~280mm 및 260~300mm로 정목재(柾木材) 휨가공성(加工性)이 양호하였다. 7. 연화처리온도(軟化處理溫度)가 증가(增加)할수록 상수리나무와 소나무 모두 휨가공성(加工性)이 향상(向上)되었으며 휨가공(加工)을 위한 최저처리온도(最低處理溫度)는 각각(各各) $90^{\circ}C$ 및 $80^{\circ}C$로서 처리온도(處理溫度)에 대한 의존도(依存度)는 상수리나무에서 약간 높게 나타났다. 8. 연화처리시간(軟化處理時間)이 증가(增加)할수록 상승온도(上昇溫度)와 상응(相應)하여 휨가공성(加工性)을 향상(向上)시켰으나 최종온도(最終溫度)에 도달(到達)한 후에도 계속 연화(軟化)을 지속(持續)해야 비로서 최적연화상태(最適軟化狀態)를 나타냈다. 휨가공(加工)을 위한 최소처리시간(最少處理時間) 두께 15mm 각재(角材)에 대하여 상수리나무에서 자비처리시(煮沸處理時) 10분(分), 증자처리시(蒸煮處理時) 30분(分) 및 소나무에서 자비처리시(煮沸處理時) 10분(分), 증자처리시(蒸煮處理時) 20분(分)으로 나타났다. 9. 휨가공(加工)을 위한 상수리나무의 적정함수율(適定含水率)은 20%로 나타났으며 섬유포화점(纖維飽和點) 이상(以上)에서는 오히려 휨가공성(加工性)이 저하(低下)되었다. 반면(反面)에 소나무의 적정함수율(適定含水率)은 30% 이상(以上)을 필요(必要)로 하였다. 10. 본(本) 시험(試驗)에서 얻은 최적조건(最適條件)(Table 19)으로 휨가공(加工)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果) 상수리나무의 최소곡률반경(最小曲律半徑)은 자비처리시(煮沸處理時) 80 mm, 증자처리시(蒸煮處理時) 50 mm이고 소나무에서는 자비처리시(煮沸處理時) 240 mm, 증자처리시(蒸煮處理時) 280 mm로서 상수리나무는 증자처리(蒸煮處理)의 연화효과(軟化效果)가 양호하였으나 소나무는 자비처리(煮沸處理)가 양호하였다. 11. 인장대철(引張帶鐵) 사용(使用)하지 않았을 경우 상수리나무와 소나무의 시편(試片)두께(t)와 최소곡률반경(最小曲律半徑)(r)의 비(比)(r/t)는 각각(各各) 자비처리시(煮沸處理時) 16.0 및 21.3, 증자처리시(蒸煮處理時) 17.3 및 24.0으로 나타났으나 인장대철(引張帶鐵) 사용(使用)하였을 때는 각각(各各) 자비처리시(煮沸處理時) 5.3 및 16.0, 증자처리시(蒸煮處理時) 3.3 및 18.7로서 휨가공성(加工性)의 현저한 향상(向上)을 나타냈다. 12. 미소(微小)한 옹이의 위치별(位置別) 상수리나무의 휨가공성(加工性)에 미치는 영향(影響)은 매우 심하게 나타났는 데 특히 옹이의 의치(位置)를 휨재(材)의 압축측(壓縮側)에 두고 곡률반경(曲律半徑) 100 mm로 휨가공(加工)하였을 때는 파양율(破壤率)이 90%로서 거의 휨가공(加工)이 불가능(不可能)하였다. 그러나 옹이를 인장측(引張側)에 두었을 경우에는 파양율(破壤率)이 10%에 불과(不過)하였다. 13. 곡률반경(曲律半徑) 300 mm로 휨가공(加工) 후 30 일간(日間) 실내조건(室內條件)에서 방치(放置)하였을 때의 곡률반경변화율(曲律半徑變化率)은 자비처리시(煮沸處理時) 4.0~10.3%, 증자처리시(蒸煮處理時) 13.0~15.0%로서 증자처리(蒸煮處理)에 의한 복원현상(復元現象)이 자비처리(煮沸處理)보다 심하게 나타났으며 에폭시수지(樹脂)를 도포(塗布)하여 방습처리(防濕處理) 하였을 경우에는 곡률반경변화율(曲律半徑變化率)이 -10~0%에 불과(不過)하였다. 14. 약제처리(藥劑處理)에 의한 가소성(可塑性) 효과(效果)는 35% 포르말린 용액(溶液)과 25% 폴리에칠렌 글리콜(400) 수용액(水溶液)에서는 나타나지 않았고 포화요소용액(飽和尿素溶液)과 25% 암모니아수에서는 나타났으나 증자처리(蒸煮處理)의 효과(效果)에는 미치지 못하였다. 그러나 약제처리(藥劑處理) 후 증자처리(蒸煮處理)를 병용실시(倂用實施)하였을 때는 증자처리(蒸煮處理)보다 10~24% 휨가공성(加工性)이 향상(向上)되었다. 15. 소서계수(塑性係數)와 곡률반경(曲律半徑)과의 관계(關係)는 하중(荷重)-변형계수(變形係數), 변형계수(變形係數) 및 에너지계수(係數) 모두 1% 수준(水準)에서 유의적(有意的)인 상관(相關)이 인정(認定)되므로 휨 가공용재(加工用材)의 품질지표(品質指標)로서 적합(適合)하였고 적합도(適合度)는 하중(荷重)-변형계수(變形係數), 에너지계수(係數) 및 변형계수(變形係數)의 순(順)으로 크게 나타났다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 1973

우리나라에서 식물생장(植物生長)이 가장 나쁜 니암지대(泥岩地帶) 황폐림지(荒廢林地)에 지피식생(地被植生)을 조성(造成)시키기 위하여 지피식생(地被植生) 조성시험(造成試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 객토량시험(客土量試驗)에 있어서 객토(客土)는 두께 15cm이상을 하여야만 객토(客土)의 효과(効果)를 인정(認定)할 수있었고, 10cm의 객토(客土)를 하고서도 시비(施肥)를 하지 않으면 생장(生長)이 불량(不良)하여 1cm 객토후(客土後) 비료(肥料)를 충분(充分)히 사용(使用)한 구(區)보다 못하였다. 또 파종혈(播種穴)의 깊이에 있어서 30cm구(區)와 40cm구(區)와는 그 성적차(成績差)를 인정(認定)할 수가 없었다. 식생대피복구(植生袋被覆區)와 무피복구(無被覆區)는 식물(植物)이 발아당시(發芽當時)에는 종자(種子)의 유실여부(流失如否)와 유시(幼時) 생장상(生長上)의 차(差)가 다소(多少)있었으나 가을 성적(成績) 결과(結果)는 차(差)를 인정(認定)할 수 없어서, 이것을 종합(綜合)하여 보면 객토(客土)는 10cm이상(以上)이고 파종혈(播種穴)($30cm{\times}30cm$)당(當) 30g(22:22:11 복비(複肥) 55g)의 시비(施肥)를 하여야 한다. 2. 객토파종별(客土播種別) 시험(試驗)에 있어서 화강암풍화토(花崗巖風化土), 응회암풍화토(凝灰岩風化土), 니암풍화토별(泥岩風化土別) 성적(成績)은 고도(高度)의 유의차(有意差)가 없어고, 각종녹화자재별(各種綠化資材別) 처리(處理)에서도 모연공구(毛筵工區)에서만 1%의 유의차(有意差)를 나타내었다. 이것을 종합(綜合)하면 본 바닥 산록(山麓)의 성취(成就)된 니암풍화토(泥岩風化土)를 객토(客土)로 사용(使用)하는 것이 효과적(効果的)이며 모연공구(毛筵工區)가 좋았다. 3. 니암지대(泥岩地帶)의 임지비암(林地肥岩)임지에는 기존임목(旣存林木)(소나무, 해송)이 1ha당(當) 2,000~3,000본(本) 산재(散在)되어 있으므로 1ah당(當) 22:22:11 복합비료(複合肥料)를 성분량(成分量)으로 110kg을 시용(施用)한 결과(結果) 시비당년(施肥當年)에는 차(差)를 인정(認定)할수 없었으나 다만 엽색(葉色)이 농록색(濃綠色)을 정(呈)하고 엽장(葉長)이 30~40% 더 신장(伸張)하였고 사방오리나무에 있어서 14:37:12 및 9:12:3 복비(複肥)를 본당성분량(本當成分量)으로 20g 구(區)와 40g 구(區)로 나누어 시비(施肥)한 결과(結果) 40g구(區)가 월등(越等)히 생장(生長)이 양호(良好)하였으며 비종간(肥種間)에는 차(差)이를 인정(認定)할수 없었다. 4. 임목(林木)의 근계신장상황(根系伸張狀況)은 소나무는 40년(年)을 자라도 니암(泥岩)을 뚫고 생장(生長)하는 직근신장(直根伸張)은 15cm에 불과(不過)하나 곰솔은 23cm까지 주근(主根)이 신장(伸張)할 수가 있으므로 소나무보다 해송의 직근(直根) 신장력(伸張力)이 강(强)하다. 측근전장(側根全長)은 소나무에서 20m 해송에서 13m이였고, 아까시아나무는 식재당시(植栽當時)에 길이에서 더밑으로 암석을 뚫지 못하고 측근(側根)만 발달(發達)하여 비교적(比較的) 수분(水分)이 보지(保持)되는 소나무밑으로 신장(伸張)하는 것이 통례(通例)이였으며, 니암잔적토(泥岩殘積土)에서는 8~10년(年)만에 고사(枯死)되고 만다. 한편 소나무의 수형(樹型)은 편편상(偏偏狀)인데 해송은 삼각형(三角形)에 수형(樹型)을 이루고 있는 것이 특이하다. 이상(以上)의 사실(事實)을 종합(綜合)하면 인공(人工) 조림시(造林時) 충분(充分)한 식혈(植穴)을 파주지 않으면 임목(林木) 생육(生育)이 어려우므로 충분(充分)한 식혈(植穴)과 비료(肥料)를 시용(施用)하여야만 니암지대(泥岩地帶) 황폐림지(荒廢林地)를 복구(復舊)할수 있을것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제38권7호
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• pp.489-495
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• 2005

대동맥 박리에서 완전 순환 정지 하에 대동맥 궁의 확인 및 치환이 필요한 경우가 많다. 이런 경우 뇌의 보호를 위해 역행성 뇌 관류 또는 전방성 뇌 관류를 사용하게 된다. 최근에는 역행성 뇌관류의 한계를 극복하기 위해 전방성 뇌 관류가 보편화되고 있는 실정이다. 저자들은 이 두 가지 방법에 대해 신경학적 이상에 중점을 두고 비교하였다 대상 및 법: 2000년 5월부터 2004년 5월까지 대동맥 박리 환자 중 뇌관류를 시행한 40명을 대상으로 하였으며, 회복과정 및 신경학적 합병증에 관해 비교하였다. 결과: 동맥관 삽관은 전방성 뇌 관류군의 15예 중 10예에서 액와동맥에 시행하고, 역행성 뇌 관류군의 25예 중 24예에서 대퇴 동맥에 시행하였다. 완전 순환정지 시식도 온도와 직장 온도를 비교하여 보면, $17.2^{\circ}C,\;22.8^{\circ}C$ (전방성 뇌 관류군)와 $16.1^{\circ}C,\;19.7^{\circ}C$ (역행성 뇌 관류군)로 전방성 뇌 관류 군이 통계적으로 높게 나타났다 이는 수술시간 및 체외순환시간을 의미 있게 단축시켰다. 회복에서는 통계적 차이가 없었다. 신경학적 합병증의 발생에서도 11예와 13예로 통계적 차이가 없었다. 하지만 영구적 신경계 이상을 진단받은 각 군의 5예를 비교하여 보면, 전방성 뇌 관류군에서 영구적 신경계이상을 보인 5명의 환자 모두가 일상생활에 지장을 받지 않는 상태로 회복되었지만, 역행성 뇌 관류군에서의 5명 모두는 일상생활의 장애를 가진 채 퇴원하였다. 결론: 전방성 뇌 관류는 정방향성 혈류를 유지함으로써 중등도의 체온 저하, 수술시간 및 체외순환시간을 단축시키고 뇌의 기능을 보다 더 보호할 수 있는 것으로 생각된다. 저자들은 향후 전방성 뇌 관류법이 보다 적극적으로 사용되어져야 할 것으로 생각한다..96$이었다. 관상동맥 우회술시 다른 수술이 동반되었던 경우가 총 10예$(6.5\%)$였다. 수술 후 대동맥내 풍선펌프는 21예$(13.6\%)$에서 이용하였으나, 비체외순환하 수술에서는 4예$(5.1\%)$로 줄었으며, 전체 사망환자는 12명$(7.9\%)$이었으나, 2001년 이후에는 111예 중 5명$(4.5\%)$으로 감소하였다. 수술합병증으로 수술 전후의 심근경색증 9예$(5.8\%)$, 저심박출증 17예$(11\%)$, 부정맥 30예$(19.5\%)$등이었다. 결론: 국립의료원 흉부외과에서는 관상동맥 우회술을 시작한 이래 수술경험의 축적, 비체외순환하 관상동맥 우회술의 도입, 내흉동맥 및 요골동맥으로의 이식편 이용 변화에 따라 수술성적이 향상되었음을 알 수 있으며, 향후 더 많은 임상경험의 축적 및 장기 추적 관찰이 필요하다고 사료된다.보였으며, 난중, 난황색, 난백고 및 Haugh unit는 처리 간 차이(p>0.05)가 없었다.이고, 환자 1인당 Wedge filter의 교체작업이 $1{\sim}2$회일 때 10MV의 경우 연간선량이 $0.08{\sim}0.4mSv$로 평가되었으며, 15MV의 경우 $0.27{\sim}1.36mSv$로 평가되어 작업종사자의 연간 허용선량인 20mSv에 비해 안전한 것으로 평가되었다.서 정상조직이 적게 조사되었다. 결과 : 기존의 ICRU계획은 그 효과 및 안전성이 입증되었음에도 불구하고 CT를 이용한 CTV계획 등을 적용 한다면 잔류종양이 적은 경우 정상조직에 대한 조사를 줄이면서 잔류종양에 목표선량을 조사할 수 있을 것이다. 다만 잔류종양이