• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제28권7호
• /
• pp.818-825
• /
• 2004

In this paper, the study of effects of flow parameters on flame structure and NOx emission concentration was performed in co-axial. laminar partially premixed methane/air flames. Such (low parameters as equivalence ratio(${\Phi}$), fuel split percentage($\sigma$), and mixing distance(x/D$\_$i/) were defined as a premixing degree and varied within ${\Phi}$=1.36∼9.52, $\sigma$=50∼100, and x/D$\_$i/=5∼20. The image of OH$\^$*/ and NOx concentration were obtained with an ICCD camera and a NOx analyzer. The flame structure observations show a categorization of partially premixed flames into three distinct flame regimes corresponding to ${\Phi}$<1.7(premixed flame structure), 1.7<${\Phi}$<3.3(hybrid structure), and ${\Phi}$>3.3(diffusion flame structure existing a luminous sooting region) at $\sigma$=75%, and x/D$\_$i/=10. As o decreases from 100% to 50%, and x/D$\_$i/ decreases, nonpremixed flame structure appear at low equivalence ratio relatively. In addition, the measured emissions for NOx rise steeply from ${\Phi}$=1.7, to ${\Phi}$=3.3, then constants ${\Phi}$>4.76. NOx emissions decrease with increase the level of premixing level. In conclusion, the main effect on flame structure and NOx production was at first equivalence ratio(${\Phi}$), and next fuel split percentage($\sigma$), and finally mixing distance(x/D$\_$i/).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.528-539
• /
• 2004

It is essential in commercial reactors that the safety limits imposed on the fuel pellets and fuel clad barriers, such as the linear power density (LPD) and the departure from nucleate boiling ratio (DNBR), are not violated during reactor operations. In order to accurately monitor the safety limits of current reactor states, a detailed three-dimensional (3D) core power distribution should be estimated from the in-core detector signals. In this paper, we propose a calculation methodology for detailed 3D core power distribution, using in-core detector signals and core monitoring constants such as the 3D Coupling Coefficients (3DCC), node power fraction, and pin-to-node factors. Also, the calculation method for several core safety parameters is introduced. The core monitoring constants for the real core state are promptly provided by the core design code and on-line MASTER (Multi-purpose Analyzer for Static and Transient Effects of Reactors), coupled with the core monitoring program. through the plant computer, core state variables, which include reactor thermal power, control rod bank position, boron concentration, inlet moderator temperature, and flow rate, are supplied as input data for MASTER. MASTER performs the core calculation based on the neutron balance equation and generates several core monitoring constants corresponding to the real core state in addition to the expected core power distribution. The accuracy of the developed method is verified through a comparison with the current CECOR method. Because in all the verification calculation cases the proposed method shows a more conservative value than the best estimated value and a less conservative one than the current CECOR and COLSS methods, it is also confirmed that this method secures a greater operating margin through the simulation of the YGN-3 Cycle-1 core from the viewpoint of the power peaking factor for the LPD and the pseudo hot pin axial power distribution for the DNBR calculation.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제31권10호
• /
• pp.845-852
• /
• 2007

OWE형 파력발전장치는 해수면의 승강운동을 공기실 내의 공기 흐름으로 전환하고 이를 터빈의 구동력으로 사용하는 발전장치이다. 파랑에너지가, 터빈으로 유입되는 공기에너지로 전환하도록 하는 공기실의 내부 수위의 주기적 변동은 상하대칭이 이루어지지 않고, 공기실 내 공기 유동의 압축과 팽창 과정에서 유량차가 발생하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이를 이용하여 보다 많은 유량을 임펄스터빈의 압력면으로 유도하여 날개의 압력면과 흡입면의 압력차를 크게 하는 Staggered Blade의 적용에 대해 검토하고 그에 대한 성능 해석을 수행하였다. 터빈의 압력면으로의 공기 흐름을 제어하기 위해 Self-Pitched Blade(가변 피치 날개)를 제안하였고, 이러한 유량차를 토대로 동 조건에서 최대의 발전량과 최고 효율의 터빈을 설계하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.116-124
• /
• 2007

An optical method to measure the size and number density of soot aggregates in diesel exhaust has been proposed in this study. Two laser beams in co-axial alignment transmit a soot loaded exhaust gas flow, and the transmittance at each wavelength is detected by a photo diode simultaneously. The volume equivalent diameter and number density of soot aggregates in the optical path can be theoretically given by the transmittance values measured at two wavelengths. A test conducted by a single cylinder, 4 cycle, small and DI diesel engine shows that the temporal variations of the size and number density of soot aggregates in the diesel exhaust can be measured by the proposed method at a transient mode operation. It is found that the volume equivalent diameter varied temporally from 70 to 110 nm during the period that high soot concentration is observed. One can also conclude that the optical length longer than 1 m in the dynamic range regarding this method is preferable for measuring soot concentration at the level of $1\;mg/m^3$.

• 한국추진공학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.9-19
• /
• 2015

초공동 수중운동체의 연료 및 산화제 분사기 설계를 위한 동축형 분사기를 이용한 입자 부상유동의 특성에 대한 실험적 연구가 수행되었다. 입자와 유동의 특성을 계측하기 위하여 $1{\mu}m$의 $42{\mu}m$의 입자를 동시에 분사하였다. 작은 입자($1{\mu}m$)와 큰 입자($42{\mu}m$)는 각각 유동장와 연료의 특성을 대표한다. 작은 입자는 PIV 기법을 사용하고 큰 입자는 PTV 기법을 통하여 속도장을 측정하였다. 이를 통하여 입자의 로딩비가 증가 할수록 유동의 축방향 속도 변화가 크다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 입자 분포는 높은 와도를 지니는 혼합영역 바깥 부분에 주로 분포한다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2008년도 제31회 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.424-426
• /
• 2008

초소형 가스터빈에 사용되는 소형 고속 구름베어링의 연료윤활 특성을 실험적으로 조사하였다. 윤활유로는 항공용 가스터빈에서 사용되는 MIL-PRF-7808 터빈오일과 항공용 가스터빈의 추진연료로 사용되는 JP-8 연료를 사용하여 운용특성을 비교하였고, 시험용 베어링으로는 내경 17 mm의 깊은 홈(deep groove) ball bearing과 내경 20 mm의 원통형(cylindrical) roller bearing을 사용하였다. 베어링의 연료윤활에 따른 특성을 비교하기 위하여 오일 및 연료를 공급하며 고속베어링 시험을 수행할 수 있는 시험 장치를 개발하여 하중, 냉각공기 온도, 윤활유량 및 회전속도를 변화시키면서 시험을 수행하였다. 30,000 rpm에서 70,000 rpm까지 회전속도를 변화시키면서 시험한 결과 깊은 홈 볼베어링은 축하중과 회전속도가 증가하는 경우 베어링 케이지에 마모가 발생하였으며 마모상태는 오일윤활보다 연료윤활시 마모가 더 많이 발생하였고 본 베어링의 속도한계인 59,000 rpm까지는 연료 윤활로 운용이 가능하다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 연료윤활의 경우가 오일윤활의 경우보다 베어링 온도가 더 낮은 것을 알 수 있었는데 이는 베어링의 냉각특성이 연료윤활인 경우가 오일윤활의 경우보다 더 좋기 때문이라 판단된다. 본 실험을 통하여 소형 항공용 가스터빈의 주축 베어링 윤활방식으로 연료윤활 방식이 적용 가능함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제52권12호
• /
• pp.2699-2708
• /
• 2020

Helical-coil steam generator (HCSG) technology is a major design candidate for small modular reactors due to its compactness and capability to produce superheated steam with high generation efficiency. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of the passively autonomous power maneuvering by coupling the 3-D transient multi-physics of a soluble-boron-free (SBF) core with a time-dependent HCSG model. The predictor corrector quasi-static method was used to reduce the cost of the transient 3-D neutronic solution. In the numerical system simulations, the feedwater flow rate to the secondary of the HCSGs is adjusted to extract the demanded power from the primary loop. This varies the coolant temperature at the inlet of the SBF core, which governs the passively autonomous power maneuvering due to the strongly negative coolant reactivity feedback. Here, we simulate a 100-50-100 load-follow operation with a 5%/minute power ramping speed to investigate the feasibility of the passively autonomous load-follow in a 450 MW_th SBF PWR. In addition, the passively autonomous frequency control operation is investigated. The various system models are coupled, and they are solved by an in-house Fortran-95 code. The results of this work demonstrate constant steam temperature in the secondary side and limited variation of the primary coolant temperature. Meanwhile, the variations of the core axial shape index and the core power peaking are sufficiently small.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.259-271
• /
• 2019

It is important to obtain reasonable predictions of the extent of the damage during maritime accidents such as ship collisions and groundings. Many fracture models based on different mechanical backgrounds have been proposed and can be used to estimate the extent of damage involving ductile fracture. The goal of this study was to compare the damage extents provided by some selected fracture models. Instead of performing a new series of material constant calibration tests, the fracture test results for the ship building steel EH36 obtained by Park et al. (2019) were used which included specimens with different geometries such as central hole, pure shear, and notched tensile specimens. The test results were compared with seven ductile fracture surfaces: Johnson-Cook, Cockcroft-Latham-Oh, Bai-Wierzbicki, Modified Mohr-Coulomb, Lou-Huh, Maximum shear stress, and Hosford-Coulomb. The linear damage accumulation law was applied to consider the effect of the loading path on each fracture surface. The Swift-Voce combined constitutive model was used to accurately define the flow stress in a large strain region. The reliability of these simulations was verified by the good agreement between the axial tension force elongation relations captured from the tests and simulations without fracture assignment. The material constants corresponding to each fracture surface were calibrated using an optimization technique with the minimized object function of the residual sum of errors between the simulated and predicted stress triaxiality and load angle parameter values to fracture initiation. The reliabilities of the calibrated material constants of B-W, MMC, L-H, and HC were the best, whereas there was a high residual sum of errors in the case of the MMS, C-L-O, and J-C models. The most accurate fracture predictions for the fracture specimens were made by the B-W, MMC, L-H, and HC models.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.71-84
• /
• 2020

In order to improve the performance of marine centrifugal pump, a centrifugal pump whose specific speed is 66.7 was selected for the research. Outlet diameter D2, outlet width b2, blade outlet angle β2, blade wrap φ and blade number z of the impeller were chosen as the variables. The maximum weighted average efficiency and the minimum vibration intensity at the base were calculated as objectives. Based on the Latin Hypercube method, the impeller was numerically optimized. The numerical results show that after optimization, the amplitudes of pressure fluctuation on the main frequency at different monitoring points decrease in varying degrees. The radial force on impeller decreases obviously under off-design flow rates and is more symmetrical during the operation of the pump. The variation of the axial force is relatively small, which has no obvious relationship with the rotating angle of the impeller. The energy performance and vibration experiment was performed for verifying. The test results show that the weighted average efficiency under 0.8Qd, 1.0Qd and 1.2Qd increases by 4.3% after optimization. The maximal vibration intensity at M1-M4 on the pump base reduced from 0.36 mm/s to 0.25 mm/s, decreasing by 30.5%. In addition, the vibration velocities of bracket in pump side and outlet flange also have significant reductions.

• 한국추진공학회지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 2021

본 연구에서는 실험실 규모의 산업용 가스터빈 싱글노즐 연소기에서의 공진주파수 해석을 위한 고유값 도출을 목적으로 하는 1D 네트워크 모델을 개발하였다. 현대의 산업용 가스터빈은 다양한 요구 조건을 동시에 만족시키기 위하여 일반적으로 매우 복잡한 구조와 유동의 형태를 가지고 있다. 이러한 복잡한 연소기 특징 중 하나인 동일한 축 방향 위치에서 서로 반대 방향의 유동 흐름을 갖는 시스템에서의 네트워크 모델 구현을 목적으로 하였다. 네트워크 모델을 통해 음향장을 해석한 결과를 실제 형상을 그대로 해석한 헬름홀츠 기반의 모델링 결과와 비교하였을 때, 공진주파수와 모드 분포로부터 해석의 타당성을 검증하였다.