• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Many people recognize the fact that women are basically poor at financial and retirement planning. A small number of scholars have explored the factors and situations that influence the level of awareness of pre-retirement women and men with regards to planning for their retirement years. In most developing countries, including Malaysia, there are more men in the younger segment of the population and more women in the older segment, since women tend to live longer than men due to having jobs of relatively lower risk, their behaviors, and activities. Research design, data and methodology: Given that it is hard to predict whether they will be healthy in old age, women may require additional resources to obtain the care and assistance that they need. The transition from career life into retirement is a long process for people to go through. Some may be able to prepare for the next stage of life, and some may not be able to prepare due to personal reasons. Planning for future retirement is important because it will affect the quality of a woman's life after a certain age. Results: Without proper planning, women may face financial instability, depression, and poor psychological well-being. However, many women are unaware of their financial status or do not know their family's financial status, such as tracking the main income, budget, and expenses, financial commitments and have no proper record of assets owned, loans owed, or updated loan balances. Conclusions: The findings of this research have led to the conclusion that pre-retiree women are likely to regard their retirement savings as sufficient without realizing that they should have at least several types of savings instead of just one, and the grave consequences of not having any savings at all for their retirement years.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.12-22
• /
• 2013

This study investigated the recognition and preference of a chicken menu according to the age of adults in the Jeonbuk area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 394 adults (male 55.3%, female 44.7%) residing in the Jeonbuk area. Descriptive and comparative statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS v. 12.0. The frequency of consumption of chicken-containing foods for the younger group (20~30 years old) was significantly higher than the frequency of older groups (over 40) (p<0.001). The younger group also consumed chicken food through a delivery service, whereas the older group consumed chicken through delivery and self-cooking. Approximately 50.0% of the older group preferred the chicken leg whereas 38.1% of the younger group preferred the chicken breast (p<0.001). The most highly recognized chicken menu items, among 36 chicken menus, were Samgyetang (2.93), chicken dori-tang (2.93), and fried chicken (2.93). The older group knew about a chicken menu made by traditional cooking much more than the younger group. The most highly preferred chicken menu item was spicy fried chicken (4.18). The preference for Western-style chicken menu (e.g. Cajun chicken salad, chicken sandwich) was significantly higher in the younger group than the older group (p<0.001, p<0.05). Therefore, to develop a new chicken menu, the consideration of favorite chicken parts and an age-based menu is necessary.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.522-531
• /
• 2013

Objectives: A field survey was conducted in a hog-raising industry in order to help develop personal protective equipment for workers which would secure the safety and the health of these workers. The attempt by this study will help enhance safety in the livestock industry and contribute to the advancement of the industry. Method: The study first selected a total of 111 workers from the hog-raising industry as research participants and designed a survey with questions on general characteristics, indoor and outdoor working environments, how the workers would in practice wear or purchase the working clothes, what needs to be improved in these new working clothes, how much the workers would be likely to accept the working clothes and protective equipment, and lastly, conditions of the communicable disease control overgarment. The collected data underwent frequency analysis and cross analysis with SPSS 21.0. Result: The research targets' average age was 50 years. Work efficiency by environmental factor was normal, but all age groups had experience of accidents (79.3%). Major wounded parts were under elbow and under knee. Protective equipment most commonly worn was helmet (83.4%), gloves (98.2%) and boots (99.1%), and satisfaction with them was normal at 3.41. Working clothing most commonly worn was old clothing (31.8%) and everyday wear (17.6%) and satisfaction with it was low. Considering the improvement of working clothing, they required attached pouches, elasticity and deodorization. The acceptability of improved working clothing was high at 69.2%. Conclusion: After problems have been addressed in relevant future research, what has been learned from the concerned study will be referred to as a useful basic reference when the relevant field works to develop high-quality working clothing and protective equipment for workers in the hog-raising industry.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.695-702
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was conducted with suggesting a clue to improve the perception of jobs for the elderly, and the final study subject was 110 people. As a research methods were student t-test, ⲭ²-test, one-way ANOVA(Scheffe). The result of the study are as follows. The perception and economic status of the young elderly(65-74 years old) were significantly higher. The perception of public jobs was significantly higher when married, religious, and monthly income was more than 4 million won. The perception of social service-type jobs was significantly higher when married and when there was a religion. The perception of private jobs was high when the monthly income was more than 4 million won (p<0.05). The preference for "parking order service" in the public sector, "support for elderly facilities" in the social service sector, and "fast food restaurant employees, kitchen, restaurant assistants, and food delivery service workers" in the private sector was the highest. In conclusion, there is a need for an education program to improve the perception of jobs for the elderly in order to raise the awareness of job policies for the elderly, which decrease with age. It is expected to be used as basic data for job creation and job creation that can be done according to the age of the elderly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.352-363
• /
• 2016

The study was an exploratory research on the awareness of informatization and attitudes to information technology (IT) and its use among elderly women in a metropolitan area. The questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data on IT use or non-use of elderly women aged 60 or older in senior welfare centers in Seoul, Korea. The data on 343 cases were analysed using SPSS 21.0. As a result, the rate of internet use was relatively high and different according to socio-demographic factors, such as age. The elderly women's attitudes like the levels of awareness and expectation of informatization were positive. Elderly women learned to use IT for psychological, emotional reasons as well as for practical ones, and the satisfaction level of IT use was relatively high. Finally, most IT non-users were indifferent and ignorant about IT use. In addition, the dissatisfaction level of IT non-use was normal, but elderly women had a relatively positive expectation of IT use in the future. This study may contribute to understanding the diverse pictures of IT use and the digital divide in old age, and assist in the development of practical programs and policies for the informatization and welfare for older adults.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.659-689
• /
• 2020

This study focuses on the process of internalizing the perception of negative discrimination among elderly people who have experienced age discrimination. The grounded theory method was used to identify the age discrimination experienced by the elderly in their daily lives and to explore the consequences of such discrimination through self-ageism. According to the analysis results, the elderly respond not only to explicit discrimination but also to implicit discrimination. In this process, the stronger the pain of old age (poverty, disease, ignorance, and solitude) and the stronger the memory of failing to respond to discrimination, the higher the level of self-ageism. "Self-ageism" has internalized the negative image of the elderly, who have been discriminated against by age, resulting in disadvantages in terms of quality of life through various reject/separate/suspension actions in reality. In the presence of supportive resources such as health, institutional support, and caregivers, the elderly have room to overcome self-ageism through more active ways. However elderly people who cannot motivate themselves and they lack these resources, elderly are trapped in negative reflux caused by self-ageism and sustained a depressed and shrinking life. In this state, it is not easy to motivate themselves and make physical, cognitive, emotional and social responses. Therefore, in this analysis, we specifically noted two aspects, contextual conditions and interventional conditions, and proposed programs for synchronizing senior citizens and improving resiliency from a microscopic point of view, and argued for the need to develop systems such as supplementing welfare and health service systems related to the entire life cycle, expanding accessibility and 'age-integration' through 'Community Care', awareness improvement and anti-discrimination laws.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1973

This study is designed to meet the following objectives: (1) To study attitude and behavior regarding marriage and age at marriage, (2) To learn correlates of age at marriage and to examine their relations, (3) To measure relative importance of the correlates of age at marriage, and (4) To study relations of age at marriage and family planning practice to fertility and their relative importance as correlates of fertility. The data are obtained by an independent cross-sectional survey in three study areas purposively selected to represent metropolitan. semihuman. rural population. The study population is confined to women age 17-50 as of survey. The overall response rate is 90%. Reliability of data is measured by . individual and aggregate inconsistency based upon a 15% subsample of the original interviews. The individual inconsistency (31%) is found to be high compared to the aggregate inconsistency (6%) for all 85 variables. However, the magnitude of differences between means is small, and the mean absolute shifts and proportional shifts are also small on the whole. In a word respondents did not change their answers too extremely or radically. The study populations of each study area are compared on some basic characteristics. It is found that the three study populations have more dissimilarities than similarities. The findings on seven different attitudinal positions of women toward marriage indicate that there have been tremendous changes in all study areas Iron "traditional" attitudes which have been prevalent for a long time in Korean society to "liberalized" or "modernized" attitudes. An apparent tendency is that women generally take a position of a "golden mean" attitude by not preferring either extreme of marriage attitudes. Nevertheless, the young, single, educated, and urbanite appears more "liberalized. " There has been some increase in ideal age at marriage from 1958 to 1970 for both sexes. No age group, marital status, or study area differentials in ideal age at marriage are found, the average ideal age at marriage in every sub-group being 24-25. Awareness of existing legal marriageable ages is low; only 4.4% are aware that "with parental permission: minimum age for males is 18 years and for females 16 years,"and only 3.7% are aware that "without parental permission: 27 years for males and 23 years for females." People in Korra tend to marry spouses who are in various social ways like themselves: the similarities include (a) education, occupational status of father, (c) economic status, (d) usual residence before marriage, and (e) religion. Both singulars and actual mean ages at marriage in this study confirm the trend of rising age at marriage previously established by other independent studies. The urban-rural differential in age at marriage is observed, but the differential narrows down gradually from 1935 to 1970. All socio-economic, demographic, and other variables pertaining to wife before and at first marriage, excluding (a) religion, (b) father′s of occupation, and (c) as: of menarche, are correlated with respondent's age at first marriage, whereas only three variables out of all socio-economic variables relating to husband before and at wife′s first marriage, viz., (a) education, (b) usual residence, and (c) economic level of his old home, are correlated with respondent′s age at marriage. Among socio-economic and modernity variables related to either husband or wife at the time of survey, only education and duration of residence are correlated with wife′s age at first marriage. Among the correlates of respondent′age at first marriage, education is in general the most important variable. However, it is found that wife′s education is more important than husband′s. The combined effects or the correlates studied explain no more than about 40% of variance for any of the selected groups of variables. Points which might counteract the effects of late marriage on fertility are not serious in Korea. For each of the correlates of the three fertility indices chosen for this study. namely, (a) number of living children, (b) number of live births, and (c) number of pregnancies, age at marriage is the major contributor to the variance in all age groups except the age group of 20-29 in which the index of family planning practice is the major contributor. The proportion of variability in fertility indices accounted for by the correlates is never more than 40% of the total variance in any age group. Based upon the findings from this study, it could be concluded that in the foreseeable future (a) celibate group will no! be increased to a point that would slow down population growth rate in Korea, (b) age at marriage will not increase continually, (c) although education stands out as the major contributing variable which independently explains the variation in age at marriage, it seems probable that education may not be the major variable in the near future, and (d) despite the fact found by this study that age at marriages has been the major contributor to the variance of each of the fertility indices used, family planning practice will play a more important role in the reduction of fertility in the Korean society. Therefore, factors interrupting practice of family planning must be eliminated and family planning program should be strengthened if further fertility reduction is needed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2021

This study investigated the association between depression and oral health and the factors influencing depression in adults. Data on 13,199 people (male 5,793, female 7,406; age ≥19 years old) were extracted from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VIII (KNHANES VIII) (2016~2018) and analyzed using frequency, percentage, an x² test, a T-test, and logistic regression analysis. Depression was defined as either a medical diagnosis or a score ≥10 on Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The probability of depression was found to be statistically different for general characteristics, such as gender, age, school grade, income, and drinking. The logistic regression analysis showed that the independent variables, general health awareness (OR=9.094, 95% CI 7.139~11.585) and oral health awareness (OR=1.936, 95% CI 1.465~2.560), were associated with depression, and speaking discomfort, chewing discomfort, oral pain (within 1 year), and prosthesis were found to increase depression probability. The depression probability was also was found to significantly increase by 1.81 times if brushing frequency was less that once a day, if people used dental floss (OR=1.42), and had to have an oral examination (OR=1.31). These results indicated that oral health and oral health behaviors are associated with the depression, with the influencing factors having oral health and behavior-related characteristics. Therefore, proper oral health and oral health risk factor behavior management programs should be developed to assist in reducing depression.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.9 no.7
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to awareness of dental care services in the elderly long-term care insurance system and retirement preparation of middle-aged people. The survey respondents had a 56.1% saving for old age life, And showed a tendency to they don't like depend on one's family(41.8%), elderly care was intended to use facility services and nursing care. 36.7% of respondents answered "I know a little" about the system. Also, the need for dental care services within the system was high (98.5%), If the service is provided, 92.3% of the respondents said that they would participate, otherwise unrecognized rate of dental care services in long-term care insurance was 85.2%. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the awareness of the part of dental care service in the system. The results of this study can be used as basic data for the improvement of the system of dental care services in long-term care insurance for elderly.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.172-182
• /
• 2020

Objectives : In this study, we conducted a focus group interview among expatriates living in Korea, to investigate their experiences and perceptions of acupuncture and Korean Medicine in order to improve the usage of Korean Medicine in the medical tourism market. Methods : The inclusion criteria for the focus group interview was: (1) participants between the age of 20 to 75 years old; (2) those who had lived in Korea for more than 90 days, and (3) those who were able to express their thoughts freely in English. The participants were informed that the interviews will be recorded and transcribed. We ended recruitment once saturation of materials was met. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data was analyzed after each interview. Results : The interviews were held between June to December 2016. Twenty-four participants were recruited but four dropped out and a total of twenty participants successfully finished the interviews. Six focus group interviews were conducted. Analysis revealed that Korean Medicine was relatively less known compared to Traditional Chinese Medicine or Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Participants automatically associated acupuncture with the management of pain or stress and replied that these were the areas that they thought acupuncture would be most effective. Positive experiences with acupuncture and with the acupuncture practitioners were factors that promoted the use of acupuncture whereas lack of awareness, accessibility and accreditation were factors that hindered its use. Other factors that hindered the use of acupuncture was needle phobia and the perception that acupuncture lacks scientific evidence. Conclusions : Awareness on Korean Medicine and acupuncture is low. Participants lack awareness on what diseases acupuncture can treat, the scientific evidence behind the mechanism of action, and the rigorous education system that Korean Medicine doctors must go through to get their license. Rigorous marketing should be encouraged, which includes greater exposure in the media, more honest reviews from patients, and promotion of the scientific evidence base.