• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.1187-1193
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• 2015

This study determined the effects of dietary restriction on growth and the expression of lipid metabolism and growth hormone signaling genes in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) of Korean cattle. Thirty-one Korean cattle steers (average age 10.5 months) were allocated to normal (N; n = 16) or dietary restriction (DR; n = 15) groups. The feeding trial consisted of two stages: for the 8-month growing period, the DR group was fed 80% of the food intake of the normal diet, and for the 6-month growth-finishing period, the DR group was fed a DR total mixed ration with 78.4% of the crude protein and 64% of the net energy for gain of the normal diet. The LM was biopsied 5 months (period 1 [P1] at 15.5 months of age) and 14 months (period 2 [P2] at 24.5 months of age) after the start of feeding. The mRNA levels were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Body weight, daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed efficiency were lower in the DR group compared with the normal group at both P1 and P2. At P1, the lipogenic fatty acid synthase (FASN) mRNA levels were lower (p<0.05) in the DR group compared with the normal group. The DR group tended (p = 0.06) to have higher of levels of growth hormone receptor (GHR) mRNA than the normal group. At P2, the DR group tended to have lower (p = 0.06) androgen receptor (AR) mRNA levels than the normal group. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that dietary restriction partially decreases the transcription of lipogenic FASN and growth hormone signaling AR genes, but increases transcription of the GHR gene. These changes in gene transcription might affect body fat accumulation and the growth of the animals.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.102-127
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to analyze a current trend of and relating factors on profitability of the Korean Public Corporation Medical Centers(KPCMCs, hereinafter, hospitals) in Korea. There are 34 hospitals in Korea as of 2004. Among these hospitals some are red ink hospitals, others are black inks in terms of profitability. Data were collected by Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI) Statistics for Hospital Management 2000-2002 and Ministry of Health and Welfare(MOHW) financial data of public hospitals which was planned to coordinate public health care services roadmap in the long run. The samples are 32 hospitals. Profitability was measured in the aspect of profit rate with normal profit to total assets, and normal profit to gross revenues as dependent variables in respective. Independent variables were classified by general factors, i.e., location, intern/resident training, period of opening, number of beds, and managerial factors(current ratio, fixed ratio, liability to total assets, total assets turnover, personnel costs, materials cost, administrative cost), and finally factors related to patient treatment(average length of stay, bed occupancy rate, admission ratio of outpatients). The methods of analysis are correlation and multiple regression analysis. This study shows firstly, a lot of hospitals are optimal current ratio. Hospitals in upper 100% current ratio are 81.2%. And the personnel cost in total costs are high. Secondly, the trend of normal profit to gross revenues of hospitals are deteriorating gradually. And lastly, as a result of multiple regression analysis, the factors had on significant effect on normal profit to total assets are fixed ratio(+), liability to total assets(-), bed occupancy rate(+), admissions of outpatients(+), etc. And the factors had on significant effect on normal profit to gross revenues are current ration(+), fixed ratio(+), personnel cost(-), administrative expenses(-), admissions of outpatients(+), etc. In conclusion, to improve the profitability of hospitals, the efforts to reduce personnel cost and average length of stay might be needed. And also beds utilization rate need to be increased.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.462-472
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• 2021

With an increase in the scale of recommender systems, users' rating data tend to be extremely sparse. Some methods have been utilized to alleviate this problem; nevertheless, it has not been satisfactorily solved yet. Therefore, we propose an effective pre-rating method based on users' dichotomous preferences and average ratings fusion. First, based on a user-item ratings matrix, a new user-item preference matrix was constructed to analyze and model user preferences. The items were then divided into two categories based on a parameterized dynamic threshold. The missing ratings for items that the user was not interested in were directly filled with the lowest user rating; otherwise, fusion ratings were utilized to fill the missing ratings. Further, an optimized parameter λ was introduced to adjust their weights. Finally, we verified our method on a standard dataset. The experimental results show that our method can effectively reduce the prediction error and improve the recommendation quality. As for its application, our method is effective, but not complicated.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.466-470
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• 2011

This paper proposes the new method based on fuzzy logic which recognizes between normal and abnormal. The object image was the Thyroid Gland cell image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal(two types of abnormal : follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. The nuclei were successfully diagnosed as normal and abnormal. The multiple feature parameters (pre-obtained 16 feature parameters of image data) were used to extract the features of each nucleus. As a consequence of using fuzzy logic algorithm, proposed in this paper, average recognition rate of 98.25% was obtained.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the international symposium on the fusion technology
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• pp.156-161
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• 2003

Mechanical behavior of rock joints usually can be characterized by small-scale laboratory shear tests due to economical and technical limitations, but their applicability to the behaviour of rock mass has been always questioned by a number of researchers because of scale effect. Though there have been several researches regarding the scale effect, it has been a controversial problem how to apply the result of small-scale laboratory shear test directly to field design from different conclusions among researchers. In order to grasp the trend of scale effect of shear behavior, a series of direct shear tests on replicas of natural rock joint surfaces made of gypsum cement with different size and roughness were conducted and analyzed. Result showed that as the size of the specimen increased, average peak shear displacement increased, but average shear stiffness and average peak dilation angle decreased. As for the dependency of scale on shear strength, the degree of scale effect was dependent on normal stress and roughness of rock joint. For the condition of low normal stress and high roughness, decrease of average peak shear strength with increasing size of joint was evident.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 1978

This study was conducted in order to determine width, length of lung by radiographic method. The measurements carried out on normal chest X-ray film of 1,036 persons who took the radiograph from the April of 1977 to the June of 1978. As a result of this study, the following conclusions were obtained: 1. In the case of male, the average width, and length of both side lung size from new birth to nineteen of age was larger than female with the exception of partly age group. 2. Lung size in average width at adult was from 27.60cm to 29.20cm and female was 25.10cm to 26.22cm. 3. The mean length of left lung at adult was from 26.32cm to 25.27cm in female. 4. The average length of right lung at adult was from 25.8cm to 28.35cm in male and female was from 24.86cm to 25.17cm. 5. It was found that lung sige in width and length was slightly increased until 39 years of age, but was trend to decrease it of lung in the age of 40 years old. 6. In the case of adult, the difference of the average length between right and left lung, the length of right lung was slightly shorter than left that.

• 치과방사선
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 1990

The aim of this study was to establish the diagnostic criteria of normal parotid glands in adults revealing the anatomical shape, its variations and the postitional relationships of the gland. Materials included 96 lateral and anterior-posterior sialograms of selected person from 23 to 28 years of age. Results were as follows: 1. The average length and lateral displacement of main duct was 48.43㎜ and l6.88㎜. The mean lumen diameter of that was 0.91㎜ in distal end and 1.40㎜ in hilar end in parotid glands. 2. The average angle of main duct to the inferior border of mandib was 34.32 degree. In configurations of main duct, modified curvilinear type was. most prevalent and followed by curvilinear, reverse sigmoid, sigmoid type. 3. The mean caliber of parotid gland was the longest in superior-inferior. 4. The interlobar ducts showed relatively well defined in all cases, its average number was 5.72. Arrangement of these ducts showed at random. Accessory lobe showed 87.5% in the all cases, its average number was 1.7. 5. There were no difference between the well and poorly defined acinar fillings in the glandular parenchyme. 6. There were no differences between right and left parotid glands in size and shape of main duct and parenchymal portion, but there were great variations in each individuals.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2007

폭발하한계는 가연성물질의 화재 및 폭발 위험성을 결정하는데 사용되는 중요한 연소특성치의 하나이다. 본 연구에서 에스테르 화합물에 대한 폭발하한계는 액체 열역학이론을 근거로 표준끓는점과 인화점을 이용하여 예측하였다. 그 결과, 문헌값과 예측값의 A.A.P.E.(average absolute percent error)는 8.80vo1%이고, A.A.D.(average absolute deviation)는 0.18vo1% 그리고 상관계수는 0.965로써 문헌값과 예측값은 일치하였다. 제시된 방법론 사용에 의해 다른 가연성물질의 폭발하한계 예측이 가능하다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2024

Purpose: The aims of this study were to create a deep learning model to distinguish between nasopalatine duct cysts (NDCs), radicular cysts, and no-lesions (normal) in the midline region of the anterior maxilla on panoramic radiographs and to compare its performance with that of dental residents. Materials and Methods: One hundred patients with a confirmed diagnosis of NDC (53 men, 47 women; average age, 44.6±16.5 years), 100 with radicular cysts (49 men, 51 women; average age, 47.5±16.4 years), and 100 with normal groups (56 men, 44 women; average age, 34.4±14.6 years) were enrolled in this study. Cases were randomly assigned to the training datasets (80%) and the test dataset (20%). Then, 20% of the training data were randomly assigned as validation data. A learning model was created using a customized DetectNet built in Digits version 5.0 (NVIDIA, Santa Clara, USA). The performance of the deep learning system was assessed and compared with that of two dental residents. Results: The performance of the deep learning system was superior to that of the dental residents except for the recall of radicular cysts. The areas under the curve (AUCs) for NDCs and radicular cysts in the deep learning system were significantly higher than those of the dental residents. The results for the dental residents revealed a significant difference in AUC between NDCs and normal groups. Conclusion: This study showed superior performance in detecting NDCs and radicular cysts and in distinguishing between these lesions and normal groups.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1982

Activities of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase [SGPT], serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT] and serum lactic dehydrogenase [LDH] were determined during and after surgery In a total of 18 patients with heart diseases Including 8 cases of congenital heart anomaly and 10 cases of acquired valvular diseases who undergone open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. The results obtained are as follows: 1]The average value of the activity of SGPT before the surgery was $27.94{\pm}12.24$ units. The value was increased following the operation and reached to the maximum value of $43.83{\pm}37.02$ units 2 days after the operation, which was slightly deviated from the normal range. The enzyme activity returned to the normal range of $32.82{\pm}23.61$ units 4 days after the operation. 2]The average value of the activity of SGOT before the surgery was observed to be $30.5{\pm}11.29$ units. The value increased during the operation and reached to the maximum value of $95.56{\pm}43.38$ units. 2 days after the operation, the enzyme activity was gradually decreased thereafter and returned to the normal range 6 days after the operation. 3]The average value of the activity of serum LDH before the surgery was found to be $258.0{\pm}88.96$ units. The value was increased during the operation and reached to the maximum value of $930.55{\pm} 258.23$ units 2 days after the operation. The enzyme activity was gradually decreased thereafter and returned to normal range 7 days after the operation. 4]It was observed that the longer the time required for the extracorporeal circulation in the open heart surgery became, the greater the changed in activity of SGOT, SGPT and serum LDH were found.