• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.2831-2834
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the mortality rate and burden of urinary tract cancers among residents of Inner Mongolia. We analyzed mortality data reported by the Death Registry System from 2008 to 2012. The rate of mortality due to urinary tract cancer was 2.04 per 100,000 person-years for the total population, 2.91 for men, and 1.11 for women. Therefore, the mortality rate for men was 2.62-fold the mortality rate for women, constituting a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Over the period 2008 through 2012, the total potential years of life lost was 1388.1 person-years for men and 777.1 person-years for women, and the average years of life lost were 7.71 years per male decedent and 12.0 years per female decedent. Mortality due to urinary tract cancers is substantially greater among the elderly population. Further, the mortality rate associated with urinary tract cancers is greater for elderly men than it is for elderly women. Therefore, in Inner Mongolia, urinary tract cancers appear to pose a greater mortality risk for men than they do for women.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.185-189
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine and to standardize the time of emergence of Protaetia brevitarsis adults, through four breeding experiments, including one which selected the dominant individuals of Protaetia brevitarsis. The breeding experiments were divided into two groups with hibernating and non-hibernating Protaetia brevitarsis by placing 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 Protaetia brevitarsis in each breeding box (50 cm × 35 cm × 15 cm) filled with 12 L of fermented sawdust. Breeding tests were with four replicates each for 3 months. The test period was classified into four stages: Exp. 1 (Sep 1, 2019 to Nov 30, 2019), Exp. 2 (Dec 1, 2019 to Feb 29, 2020), Exp. 3 (Mar 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020) and Exp. 4 (Jun 1, 2020 to Aug 31, 2020). The survey items included average dead number, average emergence number, average mortality, and average emergence rate. In Exp. 1 and 2, the changes in Protaetia brevitarsis adults were similar. In Tables 1 and 2, the allegorical changes of adult white-spotted flowers were similar. In addition, the average dead number, average emergence number, average mortality, and average emergence rate showed better results in the hibernation state than in both Exp. 1 and 2. Exp. 3 and 4 showed a pattern of change different from the results of Exp. 1 and 2 and these characteristics were superior in the hibernation states compared to the non-hibernation states. In conclusion, this result was found to be most appropriate as a standardization of the emergence time of 200 Protaetia brevitarsis treatments through four breeding experiments in the hibernating state.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3579-3586
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• 2015

Geographic information system (GIS) technology has useful applications for epidemiology, enabling the detection of spatial patterns of disease dispersion and locating geographic areas at increased risk. In this study, we applied GIS technology to characterize the spatial pattern of mortality due to liver cancer in the autonomous region of Guangxi Zhuang in southwest China. A database with liver cancer mortality data for 1971-1973, 1990-1992, and 2004-2005, including geographic locations and climate conditions, was constructed, and the appropriate associations were investigated. It was found that the regions with the highest mortality rates were central Guangxi with Guigang City at the center, and southwest Guangxi centered in Fusui County. Regions with the lowest mortality rates were eastern Guangxi with Pingnan County at the center, and northern Guangxi centered in Sanjiang and Rongshui counties. Regarding climate conditions, in the 1990s the mortality rate of liver cancer positively correlated with average temperature and average minimum temperature, and negatively correlated with average precipitation. In 2004 through 2005, mortality due to liver cancer positively correlated with the average minimum temperature. Regions of high mortality had lower average humidity and higher average barometric pressure than did regions of low mortality. Our results provide information to benefit development of a regional liver cancer prevention program in Guangxi, and provide important information and a reference for exploring causes of liver cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1895-1899
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• 2012

Background and Aims: Liver cancer is a major health problem in low-resource countries. Approximately 55% of all liver cancer occurs in China. Hebei Province is one of the important covering nearly 6% of the population of China. The aim of this paper was to explore liver cancer mortality trends during past 30 years, and provide basic information on prevention strategies. Methods: Hebei was covered covered all the three national surveys during 1973-1975, 1990-1992, and 2004-2005 and one provincial survey during 1984-1986. Subjects included all cases dying from liver cancer in Hebei Province. Liver cancer mortality trend and geographic differences across cities and counties were analyzed. Results: There were 82,878 deaths in Hebei Province during 2004-2005 with an average mortality rate was 600.9/10,000, and an age-adjusted rate of 552.3/10,000. Those dying of cancer were 18,424 cases, accounting for 22.2% of all deaths, second only to cerebrovascular disease as a cause of death. Cancer mortality was 133.6/100,000 (age-adjusted rate was 119.2/100,000). Liver cancer ranked fourth in this survey with a mortality rate of 21.0/100,000, 28.4/100,000 in males and 13.35/10,000 in females, accounting for 15.7%, 17.1% and 13.4% of the total number of cancer deaths and in males and females, respectively. The sex ratio was 2.13. Since the 1970s, liver cancer deaths of Hebei province have been increasing slightly. The crude mortality rates in the four surveys were 11.3, 16.0, 17.4, 21.0 per 100,000, respectively, with age-adjusted rates fluctuating during the past 30 years, but the trend also being upwards. There is a tendency for the mortality rates to be higher in coastal than mountain areas, and is relative lower in the plain area, with crude mortality rates of 25.3, 22.1, and 19.1 per 100,000, respectively. There were no notable differences in cride data between urban and rural, but the age-adjusted mortality rate in rural was much higher. Conclusion: Our study indicated that the mortality of liver cancer in Hebei Province is lower than the national average level. There is a slightly increase trend, especially in some counties. Liver cancer is a major health problem and it is necessary to further promote prevention strategies in Hebei province.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.191-194
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• 2021

This study aimed to provide information and data for the management of insect breeding farms by identifying the appropriate density when rearing Protaetia brevitarsis larvae. The breeding box of the insects was filled with 2 L of fermented sawdust on a 50 × 35 × 15 cm sheet of plastic, and the density of the treatments was 200, 300 and 400 P. brevitarsis in the first, second, and third larval stages. Each treatment was repeated five times, and the sawdust medium was replaced three times (10 intervals). The experiments were conducted for a total of 30 days from March 1, 2020. Overall, 200 P.brevitarsis in the first, second, and third larval stages reared in the breeding box had a higher average survival rate and lower average mortality rate, thereby contributing to efficient production. In conclusion, this result suggests a way to increase production efficiency through the environmental management of insect breeding farms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.381-386
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• 2016

Background: Bladder cancer is an international public health problem. It is the ninth most common cancer and the fourteenth leading cause of death due to cancer worldwide. Given aging populations, the incidence of this cancer is rising. Information on the incidence and mortality of the disease, and their relationship with level of economic development is essential for better planning. The aim of the study was to investigate bladder cancer incidence and mortality rates, and their relationship with the the Human Development Index (HDI) in the world. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from incidence and mortality rates presented by GLOBOCAN in 2012. Data on HDI and its components were extracted from the global bank site. The number and standardized incidence and mortality rates were reported by regions and the distribution of the disease were drawn in the world. For data analysis, the relationship between incidence and death rates, and HDI and its components was measured using correlation coefficients and SPSS software. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: In 2012, 429,793 bladder cancer cases and 165,084 bladder death cases occurred in the world. Five countries that had the highest age-standardized incidence were Belgium 17.5 per 100,000, Lebanon 16.6/100,000, Malta 15.8/100,000, Turkey 15.2/100,000, and Denmark 14.4/100,000. Five countries that had the highest age-standardized death rates were Turkey 6.6 per 100,000, Egypt 6.5/100,000, Iraq 6.3/100,000, Lebanon 6.3/100,000, and Mali 5.2/100,000. There was a positive linear relationship between the standardized incidence rate and HDI (r=0.653, P<0.001), so that there was a positive correlation between the standardized incidence rate with life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and the level of income per person of population. A positive linear relationship was also noted between the standardized mortality rate and HDI (r=0.308, P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the standardized mortality rate with life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and the level of income per person of population. Conclusions: The incidence of bladder cancer in developed countries and parts of Africa was higher, while the highest mortality rate was observed in the countries of North Africa and the Middle East. The program for better treatment in developing countries to reduce mortality from the cancer and more detaiuled studies on the etiology of are essential.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7569-7573
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• 2014

The main objective of this study was to analyze the mortality trends of female breast cancer in Turkey between the years 1987-2008. The rates per 100,000 age-standardized to the European standard population were assessed and time trends presented using joinpoint regression analysis. Average annual percent change (AAPC), anual percent change (APC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Nearly 23,000 breast cancer deaths occurred in Turkey during the period 1987-2008, with the average annual age-standardized mortality rate (ASR) being 11.9 per 100,000 women. In the last five years, significant increases were observed in all age groups, but there was no significant change over the age of 65. In this period, the biggest significant increase was in the 45-54 age group (AAPC=4.3, 95%CI=2.6 to 6.0).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.157-162
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• 2015

The descriptive epidemiological study aimed to analyse the mortality trends from gynaecological cancer in Serbia. Average annual percentage of change (AAPC) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed for trend using joinpoint regression analysis. Nearly 25,000 gynaecological cancer deaths occurred in Serbia during the 1991-2010 period, with the average annual age-standardised mortality rate being 17.2 per 100,000 women. Increase of mortality was observed for cancer of the vulva and vagina (AAPC=+1.3%, 95% CI=0.1 to 2.6), ovarian cancer (AAPC=+0.8%, 95% CI=0.4-1.3) and for cervical cancer (AAPC=+0.7%, 95% CI=0.3 to 1.1). Mortality rates for gynaecological cancer overall declined in women aged 30-39 years, but mortality was increased in middle-aged women (for cervical cancer) and in the elderly (for ovarian cancer). Improvements to and implementation of the national cervical cancer screening programme conducted in 2013 and expected to be finalised in the following years throughout Serbia should contribute to improvement.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.423-426
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• 1993

A total 930 outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) were recorded in Bangladesh from 1988 to 1991. Number of FMD outbreaks was recorded highest in Rajshahi division (304) followed by Dhaka (272), Khulna (203) and Chittagong (151). During 1988 to 1991, FMD outbreaks reached in peak level in 1990 (540) followed by 1989 (209), 1988 (95) and 1991 (86). Outbreaks though occurred throughout the year were higher in premonsoon and winter seasons. Morbidity rate was found significantly higher (p<0.01) in cattle (35.5%) than buffaloes (23.3%) and sheep/goats (4.8%). Of the cattle, bull/bullock infected more (p<0.01) than cows and calves. Morbidity rate in different animals was observed significantly higher (p<0.01) in Rajshahi and Dhaka divisions than in Khulna and Chittagong. Mortality specially in calves was found at the rate of 50.9%. Loss in milk yield was found to be 66.6%. Disease period for a FMD affected cattle varied from 16 to 26 days (average 22.7 days). Loss of working days per working cattle ranged from 14 to 24 days (average 21.2 days) and the loss in draft energy per cattle was found to be 12.7 to 18.9 KW hour.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.237-244
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• 2018

Objective: Piglet pre-weaning mortality is an important variable indicating the efficacy of farrowing management and animal well-being during lactation. The present study determined the association of newborn traits measured soon after birth with piglet pre-weaning mortality and growth. Methods: In total, 805 piglets born from 57 multiparous sows were investigated. Their blood oxygen saturation, blood glucose and rectal temperature at 24 h after birth (RT24h) were monitored. Birth order, sex, skin color, integrity of the umbilical cord, attempts to stand and birth intervention were monitored. Piglets were weighed at day 0, 7, and 21 to evaluate average daily gain (ADG). Results: Piglet pre-weaning mortality for lactation period was 12.6% and cumulative mortality during the first 7 days of age was 8.6%. A higher proportion of piglets with pale skin color died compared to piglets with normal skin color (26.7% vs 7.7%, p<0.001). A higher (p<0.001) proportion of piglets that attempted to stand after 5 min (38.5%) died compared to piglets that attempted to stand within 1 min (6.3%) after birth. Piglet body weight at birth ($BW_B$), blood glucose and the number of piglets born alive (BA) were correlated with ADG (p<0.05). Piglets with $BW_B$ <1.30 kg had higher (p<0.001) mortality rate than piglets with $BW_B{\geq}1.80 kg$ (19.0% vs 3.3%) and piglets with $BW_B$ 1.30 to 1.79 kg (4.0%). Piglet with RT24h <$37.0^{\circ}C$ had higher (p<0.001) mortality rate (86.2%) than piglets with RT24h >$38.5^{\circ}C$ (3.9%). Conclusion: Low $BW_B$ and low RT24h compromise piglet survival during the lactation period in the tropical conditions. Piglets in the litters with a high BA, low $BW_B$ and low blood glucose have reduced ADG.