• 한국정보처리학회논문지
• /
• 제6권11호
• /
• pp.3165-3177
• /
• 1999

With the recent outstanding advance in computer software and hardware, a number of researches to enhance the manufacturing speed and the process accuracy has been undertaken in many fields of textile industry. Frequently issued problems of automatic recognition of textile wrinkles in a grey scale image are as follows. First, changes in grey level intensity of wrinkles are so minute. Second, as both colors and patterns in a grey scale image appear in grey level intensity, it is difficult to sort out the wrinkle information only. Third, it is also difficult to distinguish grey level intensity changed by wrinkles from those by uneven illumination. This paper suggests a method of automatic recognition of textile wrinkles that can solve above problems concerned with wrinkles, which can be raised in a manufacturing process as one of errors. In this paper, we first make the outline of wrinkles distinctly, apply the block matching algorithm used in motion estimation, and then estimate block locations of target images corresponding to blocks of standard images with the assumption that wrinkles are kind of textile distortions caused by directional forces. We plot a "wrinkle map" considering distances between wrinkles as depths of wrinkles. But because mismatch can occur by different illumination intensity and changes in tensions and directions of the force, there are also undesirable patterns in the map. Post processing is needed to filter them out and get wrinkles information only. We use average grey level intensity of wrinkle map to recognize wrinkles. When it comes to textile with colors and patterns, previous researches on wrinkles in grey scale image hasn't been successful. But we make it possible by considering wrinkles as distortion.istortion.

• 대한공간정보학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2008

사진기준점측량을 위한 지상기준점 선점시에 산악지역과 해안지역, 갯벌 등 지상기준점을 선점할 수 있는 뚜렷한 지형과 지물이 없는 지역에서는 효율적으로 지상기준점을 추출할 수 없기 때문에 현지측량의 시간과 비용, 정확도 등에서 문제점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 항공 라이다 반사강도를 지상기준점으로 사용하여 사진기준점측량을 수행한 후에 기 구축된 수치지도에서 추출한 지상기준과 비교하였으며, 또한 현지측량된 검사점을 기준으로 비교 평가하였다. 연구 결과, 라이다 반사강도를 이용하였을 시에는 평균오차가 ${\pm}1.02m$로 나타났으며, 기 구축된 수치지도를 이용하였을 경우에 ${\pm}1.13m$로 나타났다. 이 결과는 라이다 반사강도를 지상기준점으로 사용하는 것이 수치지도에서 추출한 것보다 0.11m 향상되었음을 보여준다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.722-730
• /
• 2001

The local heat transfer of an axisymmetric submerged air jet impinging on a heated flat plate is investigated experimentally with the variation of mesh-screen solidity. The screen installed in front of the nozzle exit modifies the flow structure and local heat transfer characteristics. The mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles of streamwise velocity component are measured using a hot-wire anemometry. The temperature distribution on the heated flat surface is measured with thermocouples. The smoke-wire flow visualization technique was employed to understand the near-field flow structure qualitatively for different mesh screens. Large-scale toroidal vortices and high turbulence intensity enhance the heat transfer rate in the stagnation region. For a higher solidity, turbulence intensity become higher which increases the local heat transfer at small nozzle-to-plate spacings such as L/D<6. The local and average Nusselt numbers of impinging jet from the $\sigma$(sub)s=0.83 screen at L/D=2 are about 5.6∼7.5% and 7.1% larger than those for the case of no screen, respectively. For the nozzle-to-plate spacings larger than 6, however, the turbulence intensities for all tested screens approach to an asymptotic curve and the mean velocity along the jet centerline decreases monotonically. As the nozzle-to-plat spacing increases for high solidity screens, the heat transfer rate decreases due to the reduction in turbulence intensity and jet momentum.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.361-370
• /
• 2012

이 연구의 목적은 경피신경전기자극을 저빈도-저강도, 저빈도-고강도, 고빈도-저강도, 고빈도-고강도 네 개의 치료조건으로 나누어 만성요통환자에게 적용하였을 때 각기 다른 주파수 빈도와 강도가 만성요통환자의 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 연구대상은 평균연령 39.19(${\pm}12.96$)세, 발병기간 8.57(${\pm}3.07$)개월인 요통환자 32명이었다. 치료기간은 2주 횟수는 총 10회로 1일 1회 15분간 시행하였으며 치료부위는 통증이 가장 심한 요추주변 부위에 시행하였다. 치료 전 후의 변화를 평가하기 위해 요통정도(요통장애지수)와 요추부 유연성을 측정하였다. 각 군간 윌콕슨, 맨-휘트니 검정을 하였고, 통계적 유의성은 p< .05로 하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 네 군 모두 실험 후 요통장애지수와 요추부 유연성에 유의한 결과가 나왔으며, 저빈도군에서는 고강도가, 고빈도군에서는 고강도가 보다 효과적이었다. 고빈도-고강도가 요통장애지수와 요추부 유연성에 유의한 차이는 없었지만 가장 효과적이었다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국표면공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.1-2
• /
• 2000

In chip plating, several parameters must be taken into consideration. Current density, solution concentration, pH, solution temperature, components volume, chip and media ratio, barrel geometrical shape were most likely found to have an effect to the process yields. The 3 types of barrels utilized in chip plating industry are the onventional rotating barrel, vibrational barrel(vibarrel), and the centrifugal type. Conventional rotating barrel is a close type and is commonly used. The components inside the barrel are circulated by the barrel's rotation at a horizontal axis. Process yield has known to have higher thickness deviation. The vibrational barrel is an open type which offers a wide exposure to electrolyte resulting to a stable thickness deviation. It rotates in a vertical axis coupled with multi-vibration action to facilitate mixed up and easy transportation of components. The centrifugal barrel has its plated work centrifugally compacted against the cathode ring for superior electrical contact with simultaneous rotary motion. This experiment has determined the effect of barrel vibration intensity to the plating thickness distribution. The procedures carried out in the experiment involved the overall plating process., cleaning, rinse, Nickel plating, Tin-Lead plating. Plating time was adjusted to meet the required specification. All other parameters were maintained constant. Two trials were performed to confirm the consistency of the result. The thickness data of the experiment conducted showed thatbthe average mean value obtained from higher vibrational intensity is nearer to the standard mean. The distribution curve shown has a narrower specification limits and it has a reduced variation around the target value. Generally, intensity control in vi-barrel facilitates mixed up and easy transportation of components. However, it is desirable to maintain an optimum vibration intensity to prevent solution intrusion into the chips' internal electrode. A cathodic reaction can occur in the interface of the external and internal electrode. 2H20 + e $\rightarrow$M/TEX> 20H + H2.. Hydrogen can penetrate into the body and create pressure which can cause cracks. At high intensity, the chip's motion becomes stronger, its contact between each other is delayed and so plating action is being controlled. However, the strong impact created by its collision can damage the external electrode's structure there by resulting to bad plating condition.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.45-45
• /
• 2019

This experiment was carried out using artificial clay and LED in the plastic film house (irradiation time: 08:00~18:00/day). Seedlings (n = 63 per $3.3m^2$) of ginseng was planted on May 17, 2018. LED was combined with red and blue light in a 3:1 ratio and irradiated with different light intensity. The average air temperature from April to September was $12.3^{\circ}C$ $-26.0^{\circ}C$ and it was the the highest at $26.0^{\circ}C$ in August. The test area where fluorescent lamp was irradiated tended to be somewhat higher than the LED irradiation area. The chemical properties of the test soil are as follows. pH levels was 5.3~5.5, EC levels 0.45~0.52 dS/m and OM levels 33~37%. The total nitrogen content was 0.35~0.47% and the available $P_2O_5$ contents was 13.7~16.0 mg/kg, which was lower than the suitable level of 70~200 mg/kg. Exchangeable cations K and Mg contents were within acceptable ranges, but the Ca contents was $28{\sim}38cmol^+/kg$ levels higher than the permissible level ($2{\sim}6cmol^+/kg$). Germination of ginseng leaves took 8~9 days and the overall germination rate was 70~75%. The photometric characteristics of LED light intensity are as follows. The greater the light intensity, the higher the PAR (Photosynthetic Action Radiation) value, illuminance and solar irradiation. Photosynthetic rate was also increased with higher light intensity was investigated at $1.7{\sim}3.2{\mu}mol\;CO_2/m^2/s$. Leaf temperature ($23.7{\sim}24.8^{\circ}C$) by light intensity was the same trend. The growth of aerial parts (plant height etc.) were generally excellent when irradiated with 3 times the light intensity, the growth of the ginseng aerial parts were excellent as follows. The plant height was 42.6 cm, stem length was 25.2 cm, leaf length was 9.6 cm and stem diameter was 5.0 mm. The growth of underground part (root length etc.) was the same, and the root length was 24.4 cm, the tap root length was 6.0 cm, diameter of taproot was 18.2 mm and the fresh root weight was 17.2 g. There were no disease incidence such as Alternaria blight, Gray mold and Anthracnose. Disease of Damping off occurred 2.2~3.6% and incidence ratio of rusty root ginseng was 14.6~20.7%. Leaf discoloration rate was 13.7~48.9% and increased with increasing light intensity. Ginsenoside content of ginseng by light intensity is under analysis.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제13권10호
• /
• pp.4740-4744
• /
• 2012

본 논문은 Zigbee를 이용한 LED 조명 제어 모듈을 구성 하고자 하였다. LED 조명 제어 모듈은 주변 밝기의 변화에 따라 LED 조명의 밝기를 제어하도록 하였으며, 논문에서 구성된 제어 모듈은 8bit 마이크로 컨트롤러를 사용하여 LED 디밍 및 무선 조도 측정이 가능하도록 구성하였다. 제안된 방법을 적용시 소비전력량 3.4~0.4W의 변화로 평균 48%까지 개선될 수 있다. 측정된 주변 조도값을 ADC 변환하여 설정된 PWM 파형으로 출력하게된다. 이렇게 출력된 파형에 따라 LED Driver에서 출력되는 전류값 변화에 따라 LED 조명의 밝기를 제어하게 된다. 또한 근거리 무선통신이 가능한 Zigbee를 이용하여 무선을 이용한 조도 측정값을 전송가능 하도록 구성하였다.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.125-135
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify pain intensity according to activities over postoperative days and to identify factors of patient satisfaction with pain management after abdominal surgery. Methods: The subjects were 123 patients who were admitted at a general surgical ward and had abdominal surgery from Mar. 2005 to June 2005. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: The average postoperative pain scores were 6.13 at POD 1, 5.46 at POD 2, and 4.22 at POD 3. In stepwise multiple regression analysis a total of 40% of variance in satisfaction with pain management was accounted for by pain intensity on POD 3 at rest (29.4%) and attitude toward using pain medicine (6.6%), and side effects of pain medicine (4.0%). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, patients had inadequate pain management after abdominal surgery. Therefore, nurses need to provide educational programs focused on changing attitudes toward using pain medicine, to reduce side effects of pain medicine, and to develop nursing intervention for relieving pain.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제12권11호
• /
• pp.1547-1556
• /
• 2009

본 논문에서는 적외선 영상에서 영역확장 및 온라인 분산을 이용한 화염검출 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안된 화염검출 방법은 화염 후보영역을 효과적으로 검출하기 위하여, 먼저 적외선 자기 영상에 높은 임계값을 적용하여 초기 화염영역의 후보영역을 분할하고, 영역확장 방법을 이용하여 유사한 높은 값을 갖는 이웃영역으로 확장시켜 최종후보영역을 검출한다. 분할된 후보영역은 나대지 와 건물같은 비 화염 영역을 포함할 수 있기 때문에, 화염 영역을 검출하기 위하여 분할영역을 시간에 따라 추적하면서, 각 후보영역의 밝기 값의 변화 정도를 추적영역의 분산을 온라인 갱신에 의해 효과적으로 계산하였다. 적외선 영상에서의 실험을 통하여 영영 확장 방법과 온라인 분산에 의한 제안방법이 적외선 영상에서 효율적으로 화염을 검출함을 보였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.56-60
• /
• 1986

The purpose of this study is to find the light intensity which induced maximum gathering rate and to observe the variation of the gathering rate both in daytime and at night by using rock trout, He.'~agrammos otakii (Jordan et starks). An experimental tank (360L x SOW x 55H cm) was set up in a dark room. An illumination system was attached to the end of one side of the tank to control horizontal light intensity. Six artificial light sources were prepared by combination of two light bulbs (5 W, 150 W) and seven filters. During the experiment water depth was maintained 50 em level in the tank. The tank was marked into six longitudinal sections each being 60 em long to observe the distribution of fish. The fish were acclimatized in dark condition for 50 minutes prior to the main experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish in each section was counted 40 times every 30 seconds. and the gathering rate was obtained from the average number of fish in each section. The light intensity inducing maximum gathering rate was O. 7 lux (0. 5~1. 1 lux) in the daytime and 5. 2/ux (3.2-7.7 lux) at night. The variation of the gathering rate of fish in illumination time was sma II and showed the decreasing trend.