• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3950-3957
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• 2013

The study was done to identify factors influencing self-care in tuberculosis (here in after TB) patients. Data were collected by questionnaires from 216 TB chemotherapy as outpatients by visiting a "M" TB hospital located in the C city. Measures were self-care, health-belief(susceptibility and severity, benefit, barrier), and family support. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 19.0 version. The subjects' self-care score 3.76 out of 5. There were significant differences in self-care among the subjects due to gender, marital status, family structure with the subjects, average monthly income, smoking status, drinking status and period of taking TB drugs. There were significant correlations among benefit, barrier, family support, and self-care. According to the research, influencing factors on self-care in TB patients included family support, barrier, average monthly income, smoking status, and benefit. Findings from this study can be used as basic data to develop self-care programs for TB patients.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.126-135
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of entrance exam stress on oral health behaviors and subjective oral health status in female high school students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was administered to 216 female high school students in the Gwangju area. We performed an independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: The average of the entrance exam stress was 2.73, and among the sub-areas, the tension for exam/poor stress was the highest with 3.21. As a result of analysis of general characteristics and subjective oral health status, oral mucosal disease was lower in family income level (p<0.05), bad breath was significantly higher with lower academic performance (p<0.001) and family income level (p<0.05). As a result of oral health behavior and subjective oral health status analysis, dental caries has more than 4 times of caries snacks (per week) (p<0.05), bad breath was found to be more perceived when the average number of daily brushing was 2 or less (p<0.01). Factors affecting subjective oral health status were that dental caries was a patients pressure stress (β=0.202); temporomandibular disorder (β=0.227), xerostomia (β=0.342), and oral mucosal disease (β=0.190) were insufficient spare time; bad breath was academic performance (lower) (β=0.231) and insufficient spare time (β=0.184). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the subjective oral health status and the subarea of entrance exam stress, excluding future uncertainty stress. Conclusion: It is considered that oral health education should be conducted to prevent oral diseases for students with high parental pressure and insufficient spare time stress as well as finding practical ways to reduce entrance stress.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.347-358
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between health promoting behavior and self-esteem, and the relationship between health promoting behavior and self-efficacy. The instrument of this study was a structured questionnaire included health promoting lifestyle, self-esteem and self-efficacy. The data were collected from August 24 to September 3, 1999 and analyzed by Cronbach alpha, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression by using SPSS/PC+ program. The results of research were as follows : 1. The average score of performance in the health promoting behavior variables was 2.61. The variable with the highest degree of performance was the sanitary life(3.14), whereas the one with the lowest degree was the professional health maintenance(1.50). The average score of self-esteem was 2.89, and self-efficacy was 6.60. 2. There was significant difference according to the demographic variables. The total health promoting behavior was predicted by age, religion, monthly income. personality, perceived health status and frequency of exercise. Self-esteem was predicted by religion, monthly income and personality. Self-efficacy was predicted by age, religion and personality. 3. There was a significant correlation between health promoting behavior and self-esteem, self-efficacy. 4. Self-efficacy was the highest factor (variable) predicting health promoting behavior. A total of 44.7% of the variance was explained in the total health promoting behavior by the self-efficacy, frequency of exercise, self-esteem, perceived health status and personality. In conclusion, this study revealed that self-efficacy, self-esteem may be important factors that can improve health promoting behavior. Therefore the findings of this study may provide significant basic data for health promoting program development.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-73
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to understand which factors affect on the leisure constraint and leisure attitude of workers, to observe how the factors of leisure constraints affect on the leisure attitude. The subjects of this study were 267 urban workers who are older than 20 years old and resident in Seoul. The periods of this study was from November 15 to December 5. The modified versions of leisure constraint scale and leisure attitude scale were utilized for this study. The results of this study are as follows : First, as a result to compare the average of leisure constraint factors, intrapersonal constraint, which are individual mental status as interest, self-consciousness, uneasiness et at., was founded generally less than interpersonal constraints as personal relationship for leisure activity, or structural constraints as financial, time, information et at., Secondly, it was found that interpersonal constraint was statistically different in age, and that structural constraint was statistically different in sex, education, health status, marital status, income, and career. Thirdly, there were statistically different in cognitive leisure attitude, feeling leisure attitude, and behavioral leisure attitude according to the average monthly income and career. But, it was found that marital status and the five-day workweek system were not statistically different in 3 leisure attitude factors. Finally, 3 leisure constraint factors(intrapersonal, interpersonal, structural) had statistically significant effect on cognitive leisure attitude. Also, intrapersonal leisure constraint and interpersonal leisure constraint had statistically significant effect on feeling leisure attitude and behavioral leisure attitude

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.380-390
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• 2007

The purpose of this study(Part I) was to provide the guidance in more objective and proper clothing design and wearing rule to make good image making by analysis of fashion sensibilities about adult women's town wear in unlimited circumstance. The specific objectives were; 1)to investigate about fashion sensibility of women's town wear at season 2)to investigate about fashion sensibilities of women's town wear of properties which are age, marriage or not, job, average income per month, and schooling. 3)to compare fashion sensibility between Good and Bad women's town wear. The collected photos at shopping mall, department stores, and churches(S/S, F/W:2004.4.28~2005.5.1) were prepared removing face and background that can affect in estimator and attached on gray board. To investigate fashion sensibilities, the stimulus were 80 photos('good':40, 'Bad':40). The questionnaire consisted of bi-polar 25 pairs adjective scale of fashion sensibilities was distributed 60 female(20's~40's) living in Busan. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe. The results of this study are summarized as follows; For fashion sensibilities at 'Good' and 'Bad' wear, the variances(season, age, marriage or not, job, average income per month, and schooling) are important. Especially, the fashion sensibility at 30's women are very unique and importance age zone to catch both young women's fashion sensibility and old women's fashion sensibility, Through that age zone, we could read women's various fashion sensibility and prospect complicate consumers' fashion mind. This study result will be utilized in the clothing design for target age zone of women's town wear, database of wearing rule and good image making, and planning fashion marketing strategies.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.285-294
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was carried out in order to examine organizational commitment in dental technicians and turnover intention level according to it, and to analyze its effects. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire survey was carried out by having convenience sampling as 200 dental technicians. An analysis of the collected data was computationally processed by using SPSS Win 19.0 program. An analytical technique was made by using statistical techniques such as frequency & percentage, t-test, One-way ANOVA analysis. The following are the analytical results of the collected materials. Results: In consequence of analyzing organizational commitment level in research subjects, there was a significant difference in the items for age, task field, job position in charge, career in dental laboratory technology, and monthly income(p<.05). The average of the item for organizational commitment level stood at 3.29, thereby having been indicated to be high. As a result of analyzing turnover intention level in research subjects, there was a significant difference in the items for task field, job position in charge, career in dental laboratory technology, and monthly income(p<.05). The average of the item for turnover intention reached 3.04, thereby having appeared to be relatively high. As for a correlation between organizational commitment and turnover intention, all variables were shown to have inverse correlation at a significant level. In consequence of conducting regression analysis in order to analyze the influence of organizational commitment upon turnover intention, a factor of having the most impact on turnover intention appeared to be normative commitment. The test value of the model was statistically significant. The explanation power about this was indicated to be 26.9%. Conclusion : In the above findings, the dental technicians are considered to need to be immersed in work with a sense of mission in performing job in charge, to strive to possibly have an opportunity of achievement and self-growth, and to perform a research and development in a manpower management strategy such as turnover prevention.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-46
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of the degree of preparation for old age and the sense of crisis on the marital satisfaction of married mid-life women. The participants in this study were 300 women ranging in age from 40 to 59 years residing in Gyeonggi-do. Two hundred and forty-nine self-reported questionnaires were used for final analysis by SPSS PASW 18.0. The major results of this study were as follows. First, the mean score on the sense of crisis scale was $2.56{\pm}0.65$, representing a medium level. The mean scores for degree of preparation for later life and marital satisfaction were $3.54{\pm}0.57$ and $3.67{\pm}0.88$, which were somewhat high. Second, socio-demographic characteristics have a significant influence on married, middle-aged women. There were primarily differences in the sense of crisis by age cohort(such as women in their 50s) and level of education. Moreover, there were differences in the degree of preparation for later life by marriage duration and differences in marital satisfaction by level of education, monthly average income, and employment status. Third, in multiple regression analysis, the variables significantly influencing the marital satisfaction of married, middle-aged women included health status and monthly average income as control variables. Mid-life crisis also had a significant effect. The degree of preparation for emotional later life had a significant effect as an independent variable. These findings suggest that the level of sense of crisis and the degree of preparation for emotional later life affected the women's marital satisfaction. Other factors did not have a significant affect. Based on the above results, intervention alternatives are needed to improve the marital satisfaction of married, middle-aged women.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.791-799
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aimed at examining the aspects of utilization of the dental services in some regions and analyzing the related factors with a view to helping the old solve the dental problems and overcome the difficulties. Methods : This investigation was intended for 422 old people living in Jeon-ju city and Jang-su county from July 18, 2006 to August 25 by direct interviewing posing questions. The survey data sets were analyzed by chi-square, correlation, multiple regression and logistic regression. Results : 1. The average number of the existing teeth per an old person was 13.6 and the 28.8% of the old who didn't use denture called for dentures. 2. The annual coefficient of utilization in dental services for an old person was 52.3% and the annual average visits to dental clinics were 3.12 days while 38.6% of the old experienced illegal dental treatments. 3. The affecting factors on the dental utilization for treatment were as follows: family income, dental clinics available, the number of existing teeth, the days of dental trouble, the recognition of the prevention of the dental disease, the knowledge for the dental treatment and the oral health judged by himself. 4. The major variables influencing the utilization of dental services were spouse presence, form of family, income, having a regular dental care, denture presence and the experience of inconvenience in living. Conclusions : To conclude, the following suggestions could be made. First, It was necessary that enforcement practice of free dental prosthesis service and application to the national health insurance in old people's prosthetic therapy for government support because the economic factor was barrier to utilization of the dental services. Second, Dental clinic was required to the health center because availability of common dental services was big impact in utilization of the dental services.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.192-198
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• 2020

Background: Korea National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) is operated as a social insurance system in which people pay a portion of their monthly income as insurance premiums and receive benefits when they experience illness or injury. Since 2005, the national health insurance remained surplus accumulating cumulative reserves each year. However, as of 2018, NHIS revenue recorded 62.11 trillion won and spending of 62.29 trillion won. The deterioration of NHIS finances is expected to accelerate with the aging population, income growth, new medical technology development, and enhanced security policies. Methods: To examine the financial health and sustainability of NHIS, we estimated the future revenue and spending until 2030 using the data from Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service statistical yearbook. 2004-2018 average percentage change in NHIS revenue and spending was calculated. We estimated the future NHIS financial status using two methods. In the first method, we calculated the revenue and spending of the future NHIS by applying the 2004-2018 average percentage change to the subsequent years consecutively. In the second method, we estimated the future NHIS financial status after adjusting for the predicted demographic changes such as the aging population and declining birth rate in South Korea. Results: The estimates from this study suggest that the NHIS's cumulative reserves will run out by 2024. Conclusion: In terms of spending on current health insurance, there should be a search for ways of more efficient spending and funding options.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.100-110
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• 2003

The purpose of this study were 1) to find out the structural elements in classifying clothes images, and 2) to segment the consumer market for women's street clothes based on clothes image preferences and to identify the group differences in psychological variables, purchasing behavior variables and demographic variables. The sample was taken from 1106 middle class women who were in thier 30's∼40's living in Gwangju city. Consumers were classified into six groups: active image group (35.4%), feminine image group (25.9%). daring image group (16.5%), elegant image group (10.8%), dressy image group (8.9%) and brisk image group (3.5%). Women in their 30's∼40's preferred elegant image, daring image, active image and feminine image. Elegant image oriented group: This group is the lowest education level group and has the highest rating of housewife. This group has the lowest scores use of person information search, Daring image oriented group: Woman in their 30's prefers daring image. This group thinks practical benefit sought is less important than self-expression benefit sought. This group has the highest scores use of non-person information search, Active image oriented group: This group is practical benefit seeking group. and purchases the lowest amount of clothes. The amount of average household income is the lowest. Feminine image oriented group: The amount of average household income is the highest. This group perceives more youth$.$fashion benefit sought and self-expression benefit sought than elegant image oriented group. ANOVA, $\chi$$^2$-test revealed differences among groups according to benefit sought use of information sources, purchasing behavior variables and demographic variables.