• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.373-380
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• 2017

We propose the SoMA(System of Making Avatars) based on a commercial 3D game engine. It first decomposes a given character into assemblable pieces, then gives the user them as prefab components so that he or she can reassemble and/or customize them to be plenty of characters. To accomplish this, it implements the character assembly structure as an hierarchy, the upper levels of which are categorized for gross assembly, and the lower levels of which are parameterized for detailed customization. It also defines a hierarchical naming convention for ease of access to the structure. Finally, it provides body, clothes, and attachment systems to make relevant characters.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.489-494
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• 2016

Developing 3D games of quality is getting easier as commercial game engines have significantly evolved. It is still difficult, however, for entry-level developers to create various avatars which could affect the entire game because it requires expertise in 3D design and programming. We propose a design of an avatar assembly system based on a commercial game engine, Unity. It includes the assembly, customization, and management of avatars. It also provides an avatar update mechanism via the World Wide Web(WWW) provided by Unity's asset system so that various avatars can be supplied after the initial game distribution.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1157-1166
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• 2022

With the advent of the non-face-to-face era, a new type of digital sexual crime with avatars is emerging on the Metaverse virtual reality platform. Due to the lack of clearly established in legal and regulatory systems, it is challenging to punish offenders and acquire digital proof for sexual crimes using these avatars. This research aims to suggest a service and technological solution is development platform that may assist crime prevention and the collection of digital evidence, with a particular emphasis on digital sex crimes that occur in the metaverse, a virtual reality realm. This study explores the reasons behind the difficulty of legal application in the metaverse and then determines the types of digital sex crimes that may occur in the metaverse. In addition, it is suggested what service components the metaverse should contain from the stage of construction and design, can be utilized what element of metaverse in order to prevent illegal activity of avatars.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.418-430
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze consumers' purchase decision-making process of buying avatar fashion items on the Metaverse platform. Drawing on the connection between the self-expression tendency of the MZ generation and that of avatars in the Metaverse, this study uses a qualitative research method to analyze how consumers express their self-image through the appearance of their avatars. Unlike previous studies on the clothing purchase decision-making process, this study shows that purchasing and consumption behavior involve the following six stages: recognizing desire, collecting information, evaluating alternatives, making purchases, evaluating the consumption, and post-purchase action-taking. In the first stage of the purchase decision-making process, consumers' desire arises with self-image expression and confirmation. In the second stage, consumers have a high tendency to shop in the best item category. In the alternative evaluation stage, consumers tend to seek items that match their highest standard while considering their personal preferences. In the fourth stage, when making actual purchases, unplanned purchase behavior often occurs along with an active practice of alternative evaluation. In the fifth stage, the evaluation of the consumption shows that consumers achieve satisfaction by applying a style to their avatars that they are unable to try in the real world. In the last stage, consumers often use their purchases to communicate their various styles with other online consumers. Therefore, we conclude that the online purchase decision-making process differs from the offline process as it is divided into six stages.

• Communications of the Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Engineers
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.62-67
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• 2012

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 1998

The multi-user VR system can more enhance the sense of reality than existing single user VR system, but it also cause a significant problem about network structure and protocol, since the current Internet using TCP/IP can not afford to deliver such a massive information required to the real-time constraint of multi-user VR system. In this paper, we introduce new network structure and protocol for multiple user's virtual world navigation and interaction through their avatars. The virtual worlds are based on virtual building and managed by distributed servers. The avatars have 9 behaviors and recognize the state of each other by pre-defined network protocol.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02b
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• pp.518-523
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• 2006

As digital broadcasting process and information compressing technologies developed, digital technologies have been used extensively in many visual media such as movies and TV programs, and it is required to develop a new process for 3 dimensional digital programs. The study attempts to develop a new digital video-producing process through pre-simulation using a digital storytelling method, in order to increase the quality of broadcasting, reducing the producing time and improve efficiency. This system, supposed to be used to produce actual broadcasting, includes all tools needed for broadcasting in the program, so users can select an appropriate set among the pre-made library, which saves time for making sets. Also, it offers a storyboard making function by perfectly representing the functions of a virtual camera, and enables users to make the better storyboard, checking the real time movies. In addition, it recognizes objects though avatars, organizes the appropriate set for these avatars to act, and embodies a variety of avatar movements through which it reaffirms the camera's position and organization, minimizing errors and saving time and budget.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.41-49
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• 2004

As a means of overcoming the linguistic barrier between different languages in the Internet cyberspace, a sign-language communication system has been proposed. However, the system supports avatars having the same model structure so that it is difficult to communicate between different avatar models. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new gesture communication system in which different avatars models can communicate with each other by using a FBML (Facial Body Markup Language). Using the FBML, we define a standard document format that contains the messages to be transferred between models, where the document includes the action units of facial expression and the joint angles of gesture animation. The proposed system is implemented with Visual C++ and Open Inventor on Windows platforms. The experimental results demonstrate a possibility that the method could be used as an efficient means to overcome the linguistic problem.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 1999.06b
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• pp.87-93
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• 1999

In this paper, we introduce a novel virtual studio environment where a broadcaster in the virtual set interacts with tele-viewers as if they are sharing the same environment as participants. A tele-viewer participates physically in the virtual studio environment by a dummy-head equipped with video "eyes" and microphone "ears" physically located in the studio. The dummy head as a surrogate of the tole-viewer follows the tele-viewer's head movements and views and hears through the dummy head like a tele-operated robot. By introducing the tele-presence technology in the virtual studio setting, the broadcaster can not only interact with the virtual set elements like the regular virtual studio environment but also share the physical studio with the surrogates of the tele-viewers as participants. The tele-viewer may see the real broadcaster in the virtual set environment and other participants as avatars in place of their respective dummy heads. With an immersive display like HMD, the tele-viewer may look around the studio and interact with other avatars. The new interactive virtual studio with the immersive viewer environment may be applied to immersive tele-conferencing, tele-teaching, and interactive TV program productions.program productions.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.107-127
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• 2022

Personal broadcasting utilizing Vtuber, a virtual creator made of 2D or 3D avatars, has recently appeared and is growing in popularity. Vtuber is a virtual person who broadcasts on the Internet using 2D or 3D avatars with real-time motion capture and computer graphics technologies. While the personal broadcasting industry utilizing Vtuber is proliferating, related studies have mainly concentrated on technical issues. Therefore, in this study, the antecedent factors that form the technical characteristics and virtual creator characteristics of Vtuber personal broadcasting are derived using the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model. Then the effect of these factors on viewer pleasure and satisfaction, which lead to increased paid sponsorship is to be examined. Furthermore, we investigate how this influencing mechanism fluctuates based on the avatar type (2D vs. 3D). This study contributes to empirical examinations of viewers' paid sponsorship intention in Vtuber personal broadcasting through the S-O-R model. It also offers insights that technological or virtual creator characteristics could improve viewers' pleasure, satisfaction, and even paid sponsorship.