• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2009년 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.316-320
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• 2009

Recently, concerns about conserving proper size of urban green spaces and accessibility are increasing, regarding it as a solution to diverse urban environmental problems including pollution, ecosystem deterioration, urban climate change. Artificial ground greening such as green roofs is regarded as the only alternative that can conserve green spaces which are impossible to be secured on the ground. However, green roofs are not popularized yet and levels are very low in provincial cities despite of related technology development and support systems of related agencies. Based on the background, this study tries to present a theoretical basis of methods for green roofs, conducting green roof simulations and collecting ideas about problems and improving measures from green roof users. Finally, it aims to offer base data which help establish policy direction for activation of green roof technology. As a result of a simulation for verifying temperature reduction effect, it was possible to affirm effect of a plot that green roofs applied. Especially, it was revealed that a green roof method using ground covers such as mixed planting was the most effective way to reduce temperature. Activation methods for green roofs based on this study are as follows: First, it is a priority to readjust systems related to green roofs. Second, citizens' active and voluntary participation must be attained. Third, it is required to establish detailed promotion procedures which aim at actual conduct and to maintain an expert department which is able to manage and control the establishment. After conduct, continuous aftercare stages are also needed.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.117-134
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• 1998

The study on the Assembling Mechanism of the Hairtail, Trichiurus lenpturus, at the Fishing Grounds of the Cheju Strait had been investigated by analyzing the relationship of the oceanographic conditions and the fishing ground of the Hairtail in the Cheju Strait. 1. The fishing grounds of the hairtail at the Cheju Strait are formed at the bottom of a high temperature of the tidal front at the coast. area of northern Cheju Island, the tip of the linguiform is high in salinity at the eastern and western entrances of Cheju Island, low salinity eddy on the surface and its surrounding front, various water masses in the Strait and coastal waters of the South Sea in Korea. 2. The fishing grounds of the Hairtail at the Cheju Strait begins with the sea surface temperature higher than $15^{\circ}C$ and the incoming of low salinity water now from the East China Sea. 3. Estimation of optimum temperature and salinity per season based upon analysis for relationship between temperature of water and salinity of the bottom layer and the catch is : 15.2~$16.4^{\circ}C$, 34.20~34.40${\textperthousand}$ in spring(June); 14.4~ $17.0^{\circ}C$, 33.70~34.30${\textperthousand}$ in summer(July~September); and 15.7~ $18.6^{\circ}C$, 33.70~34.50$\textperthousand$ in autumn(October~December). Hairtail are mostly caught at the Yellow Sea Warm Current and Tsushima Current with temperature over $14.5^{\circ}C$ and salinity over 33.70${\textperthousand}$ at the bottom layers of the Cheju Strait. 4. Considering the relationship between the amount of hairtail catch and the water temperature of bottom layer, when the bottom water being above $14.0^{\circ}C$ flowed into Cheju Strait through the western entrance of the strait in summer, the ca-h appears to have been abundant. In contrast, the catch has been poor when the temperature of such water was recorded to be below $13^{\circ}C$ Therefore, distribution patterns of water at the bottom layer can be used as a forecast index whether the catch of a certain year will be good or poor.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2011

This study presents physiological rates of oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion, feeding rates, O/N ratio and assimilation efficiency of the blood cockle, Scapharca subcrenata, determined from specimens collected in Yeoja bay on the south coast of Korea. Physiological parameters were measured monthly under static, laboratory controlled conditions with ambient conditions, and measurements were performed seasonally in order to estimate scope for growth and its probable sources of variation. Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates have been increased as temperature increased with the highest value of August, 2008. Feeding rate was the highest during April whereas the lowest was during August which is a period of gametogenesis with minimum biomass of phytoplankton around sampling area. Assimilation efficiency was not significantly different seasonally and O/N ratio decreased during July to August. The scope for growth was negative during high temperature months(July to August), reflecting the high temperature and low feeding rate, and had its highest positive values during spring and autumn. Data on the physiological parameters and scope for growth of Scapharca subcrenata obtained in this study will be used to assess the carrying capacity for blood cockle cultivation.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.207-210
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• 2016

톱밥재배용 표고 품종 '산조708호'의 주요특성을 요약하면 균사생장 적온은 $25^{\circ}C$, 균사생장은 51.6 mm/7일으로 조사되었으며, 버섯 발생형태 조사에서 산발형, 버섯발생온도 범위는 $5{\sim}20^{\circ}C$로 중온성의 특성을 보였다. 갓의 크기는 65.8 mm로 중대엽형으로 나타났으며, 두께 16.1 mm, 갓형태는 반구형의 형태를 보였다. 대의 길이 42.6 mm, 굵기 19.6 mm로 나타났다. 버섯생산성은 8월부터 2월까지 동절기를 포함한 기간에 생산된 버섯발생량이 310.7 g/bag로 우수하였다. 버섯발생량이 60 g/bag이상으로 우수한 발생주기의 일별 최소온도는 $6.2^{\circ}C$, 최대온도는 $22.1^{\circ}C$로 나타났다. 표준 재배방법은 톱밥배지의 생산시기는 3~4월, 배양 환경 및 기간은 배양온도 $20{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, 이산화탄소농도 3,000~5,000 ppm의 범위로 120일간 배양하고, 배양기간 30-40일은 암배양을 진행하고 이후 명배양으로 전환한다. 배양이 완성된 배지는 재배사로 이동하여 개봉하고 이후 7~9월의 기간 동안 지속적으로 후숙관리(습도 70-80%이상, 살수 2-3회/일, 온도 $27^{\circ}C$이하)를 진행하고, 10월에서 이듬해 3월까지 버섯발생 및 생육온도 범위를 $5{\sim}20^{\circ}C$로 관리하면서 버섯을 생산할 수 있다.

• ALGAE
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2004

This study investigated the temporal and spatial dynamics of an epilithic algal community in the Hantan River in November 2001, February, May and August 2002. It was identified a total of an epiphlithic 301 taxa which were composed of 275 species, 16 varieties and 10 unidentified species. The standing crops ranged between 598,600-16,525,200 cells $\cdot$ $cm^2$ and showed the temporal and spatial variations, A higher value was found at the lower station than the upper station in winter, but a higher value was found at the upper station than the lower station in summer due to the effects of typhoons. Chlorophyll concentrations ranged between 13.4-304.2 ${\mu}g$ $\cdot$ $cm^2$. Standing crops and chlorophyll showed similar trends in autumn and winter, but temporal dynamics were not apparent in the overgrowth of Lyngbya, Schizothrix and so others in Cyanophyceae in spring and summer. They were composed of species in Chlorophyceae-Bascillariophyceae-Cyanophyceae and no seasonal effect was detected. Low diversity index values probably indicated the effects of environmental stresses (water temperature, flow and current velocity) other than organic pollution. An assessment of organic pollution using epilithic diatoms (DAIpo) showed $\alpha$-oligosaprobic states at the upper- and mid- stations, and $\alpha$-mesosaprobic states at the lower- stations.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.961-966
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• 2006

An algal assay procedure using an indigenous phytoplankton assemblage was tested to estimate the propagation of red tide phytoplankton species and determine the optimal time interval at which to measure growth yield in eutrophic marine waters where red tides frequently occur. Various red tide phytoplankton species were propagated on a large scale by adding nitrogen or phosphorous. This procedure was useful for estimating the limiting nutrient, elucidating the mechanisms underlying red tides, and determining the levels of increases in organic matter in eutrophic coastal waters. The algal assay using indigenous C. polykrikoides showed that this species did not always propagate, apparently because of very low concentrations of trigger elements that are necessary for its growth, rather than as a result of other environmental characteristics, e.g., water temperature or stress from sampling. In the winter, when water temperatures are lower than in spring, summer, or autumn, maximum propagation and the limiting nutrient could be estimated by measuring phytoplankton biomass at 2 - 3-day intervals. However, in the other seasons, when water temperatures are higher, phytoplankton biomass should be measured at 2-day intervals. In particular, daily monitoring will be required to determine precise growth yields in warm seasons.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2016

Body temperature (BT) monitoring in cattle could be used to early detect fever from infectious disease or physiological events. Various ways to measure BT have been applied at different locations on cattle including rectum, reticulum, milk, subcutis and ear canal. In other to evaluate the temperature stability and reliability of subcutaneous temperature (ST) in highly fluctuating field conditions for continuous BT monitoring, long term ST profiles were collected and analyzed from cattle in autumn/winter and summer season by surgically implanted thermo-logger devices. Purposes of this study were to assess ST in the field condition as a reference BT and to determine any location effect of implantation on ST profile. In results, ST profile in cattle showed a clear circadian rhythm with daily lowest at 05:00 to 07:00 AM and highest around midnight and rather stable temperature readings (mean${\pm}$standard deviation [SD], $37.1^{\circ}C$ to $37.36^{\circ}C{\pm}0.91^{\circ}C$ to $1.02^{\circ}C$). STs are $1.39^{\circ}C$ to $1.65^{\circ}C$ lower than the rectal temperature and sometimes showed an irregular temperature drop below the normal physiologic one: 19.4% or 36.4% of 54,192 readings were below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. Thus, for BT monitoring purposes in a fever-alarming-system, a correction algorithm is necessary to remove the influences of ambient temperature and animal resting behavior especially in winter time. One way to do this is simply discard outlier readings below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$ resulting in a much improved mean${\pm}$SD of $37.6^{\circ}C{\pm}0.64^{\circ}C$ or $37.8^{\circ}C{\pm}0.55^{\circ}C$, respectively. For location the upper scapula region seems the most reliable and convenient site for implantation of a thermo-sensor tag in terms of relatively low influence by ambient temperature and easy insertion compared to lower scapula or lateral neck.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.477-493
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• 2020

고창 연안해역의 해양환경 및 식물플랑크톤 군집의 시·공간적 변동 특성을 파악하기 위해 2016년 여름에서 2017년 봄까지 4계절 16개 정점을 조사하였다. 분석 결과, 수온은 표층에서 2.1℃에서 34.5℃의 범위로 큰 계절 변화를 보였지만, 염분은 표층에서 31.14 psu에서 32.64 psu의 범위로, 계절 변화가 크지 않아, 연안해역 수형은 수온에 지배되었다. Chl-a 역시 봄 최솟값 0.58 ㎍ L^-1에서 여름 최댓값 10.5 ㎍L^-1의 범위로 겨울에 높고, 가을과 봄에 낮았고, 큰 계절 변화를 보였다. 식물플랑크톤 군집은 53속 86종으로 단순하였다. 표층 현존량은 가을 최솟값 2.2 cells mL^-1에서 여름 최댓값 689.2 cells mL^-1의 변화 폭으로 여름에 높고, 가을에 낮았으나, 가을은 다른 계절보다 한 자릿수가 이상 낮았다. 우점종은 연중 규조류에 지배되어, 표층은 여름이 Leptocylindrus danicus, Chaetoceros curvisetus Skeletonema costatum-ls, 가을은 Paralia sulcata, Eucampia zodiacus, 겨울은 S. costatum-ls, Thalasiosira nordenskioeldii, 그리고 봄은 S. costatum-ls, Asterionella glacialis가 우점하였다. 즉 고창 연안해역의 식물플랑크톤 군집은 다양성이 높지만, 연중 특정 종에 크게 지배되는 군집구조를 나타내었다. 주성분 분석 결과 고창 연안해역은 낮은 수심으로 복사열에 의해 쉽게 가열 및 냉각되며, 조석혼합 등 해수 혼합 특성으로 표층퇴적물의 재부유에 의한 영양염 공급으로 식물플랑크톤 시·공간 분포가 결정되었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.372-379
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• 2006

Noctiluca scintillans의 시간적 변동과 생태학적 특성을 파악하기 위해 N. scintillans의 현존량과 수리-생물학적 요인에 대한 조사가 1999년 1월부터 2000년 12월까지 인천 연안에서 수행되었다. N. scintillans는 수온 $10.3{\sim}21.5^{\circ}C$ 범위를 보인 춘계 및 추계에 출현 개체수가 높았으며 동계 및 하계에 낮았다. 동계에는 $4.5^{\circ}C$이하 수온에서 출현이 제한되는 것으로 보이며 하계에는 고온과 높은 강우량에 따른 급격한 염분 감소가 제한요인으로 판단된다. 교차 상관분석에서 엽록소 a 농도는 N. scintillans 개체수와 10일 시간 지연에서 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈다. 이는 식물플랑크톤이 N. scintillans 개체군 증가에 중요한 요인이 될 수 있음을 암시한다. 춘계에 전체 개체수의 $2.9{\sim}21.1%$의 N. scintillans에서 요각류 특히 Acartia hongi 알이 관찰되었다. 이는 동일 시기에 A. hongi가 생산해낸 알의 $1.2\sim49.5%$에 해당하는 것이다. 따라서 N. scintillans는 인천 연안에서 A. hongi의 초기 성장 단계의 개체군 크기에 영향을 미칠 것으로 추측된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.274-281
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• 2020

본 연구는 2015년 8월부터 2016년 7월까지 납지리의 말조개 내 산란과 적응특성을 조사하기 위해서 만경강 봉서천 일대에서 수행하였다. 납지리의 산란기는 9-11월까지로 추정되었고 성숙한 암컷에서 확인된 알수는 17-75개(36.2 ± 16.44)였다. 조사기간 동안 확인된 조개는 476개체이었고 납지리의 산란이 확인된 조개는 129개체(27.1%)였다. 납지리의 알과 자어가 산란된 조개(46.3 ± 4.55 mm, n = 129)가 산란되지 않은 조개(42.6 ± 8.51 mm, n = 347)보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 안구가 형성되기 전 납지리 자어와 형성된 후 자어의 출현 비율은 2015년 10월부터 2016년 3월까지는 99.8% (n = 597) vs. 0.2% (n = 1)이었고, 4월에는 25.6% (n = 23) vs. 74.4% (n = 67), 5월에는 0% (n = 0) vs. 100% (n = 40)로 확인되었다. 말조개 안에서 확인된 납지리 알과 자어수는 1-18개(5.6 ± 3.81)로 나타났다. 아가미 위치에 따른 납지리 알과 자어수 및 출현빈도는 왼쪽 외반새 1개(0.01 ± 0.09, n = 1), 0.78%, 왼쪽 내반새 1-18개(2.33 ± 3.31, n = 63), 48.84%, 오른쪽 내반새 1-15개(2.97 ± 3.79, n = 76), 58.91%, 오른쪽 외반새 1-12개(0.33 ± 1.71, n = 7), 5.43%로 나타났다. 납지리 알과 자어의 아가미에서 발생위치는 안구 형성 전에는 lower part 3 (L3)에서 71.8% (n = 445), 안구 형성 후에는 L3에서 94.4% (n = 102)로 다른 부위보다 L3에서 모두 높게 나타났다. 납지리의 알과 자어수 및 출현빈도는 조개의 내반새가 외반새보다 높게 나타났다. 납지리는 추계산란종으로 다른 납자루아과 어류나 글로키디아 조개 유생과의 조개 안에서의 경쟁은 피하는 장점이 있지만 낮은 수온의 겨울을 보내야 한다. 이에 납지리는 안구형성 전인 낮은 수온에서는 배아적 휴면(embryonic diapause)을, 안구형성 후에는 수관에서 상새방으로의 이동에너지 절약을 위한 상새방 내 산란이라는 방향으로 적응해 온 것으로 판단된다.