• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.2029-2037
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 척수분절레벨에 적용한 간섭전류의 자극수준에 따른 정상성인의 자율신경계에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 간섭전류는 T1-T4 분절에 접착식 패드전극을 2극 배치 후 20분간 전기자극하여, 전기자극 전과 후, 30분 후의 변화를 확인하였다. 연구대상은 광주시에 소재한 N대학교에 다니는 건강한 성인남녀 45명을 대상으로 감각자극수준은 100 bps, 10~12 mA, 운동자극수준은 5 bps, 45~50 mA, 유해자극수준은 100 bps, 80~90 mA으로 각각 15명씩 무작위 배치하여 연구를 수행하였으며 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 각 집단의 교감신경활성도의 변화는 시간과 집단 간의 상호작용에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 시간에 따라 유의한 변화를 보여주었다(p<.05). 사후 분석결과 전기자극 직후와 전기자극 후 30분에서 유의한 차이를 보여주었다(p<.05). 각 집단의 부교감신경활성도의 변화는 시간과 집단 간의 상호작용에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 시간에 따라 유의한 변화를 보여주었다(p<.05). 사후 분석결과 전기자극 직후와 전기자극 후 30분에서 유의한 차이를 보여주었다(p<.05). 이상의 결과로 전기자극 수준은 특정목적과 상황에 따라 다양하게 적용되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.443-455
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was designed to research whether HRV can yield a suitable diagnosis for activity of autonomic nerve system on functional dyspepsia. Methods : The testing of HRV was carried out at the Oriental Medical Center of Dong-Eui University with the participation of 28 functional dyspepsia patients, 25 dyspepsia caused by organic disease patients and 33 control group people. We checked HRV of the three groups for 5 minutes and compared HRV index(frequency domain analysis: HF, LF, VLF, LF/HF Ratio, TP) between groups. Results were as follows : 1. In the frequency domain analysis, HF, LF, VLF, and TP were significantly lower than the control group in the functional dyspepsia patients and dyspepsia caused by organic disease groups. HF, LF, VLF, LF/HF ratio, and TP were not significantly different between functional dyspepsia group and dyspepsia caused by organic disease group. 2. Age in dyspepsia patient group was significantly higher than in the control group. 3. In the frequency domain analysis, LF, VLF, and TP were significantly lower in the functional dyspepsia group than the control group in age 20-30 years. HF, LF, VLF, LF/HF ratio, and TP were not significantly different between the control group and dyspepsia caused by organic disease group in ages 20-30 years. HF, LF, VLF, LF/HF ratio, and TP were not significantly different between functional dyspepsia group and dyspepsia caused by organic disease group in age 20-30 years. Conclusion : According to this study, autonomic nerve system and parasympathetic nerve system decreased more in the functional dyspepsia patient group compared with the control group.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.104-120
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• 2006

Background : Pulse-respiration ratio has been used for estimating subject's status in oriental medicine. Pulse and respiration is strongly associated with autonomic nerve system. But there is no research about correlation between pulse-respiration ratio and autonomic nerve system. Objectives : We performed this study to know correlation between pulse-respiration ratio and HRV(heart rate variability) that shows autonomic nerve system status well and to clarify clinical meaning of pulse-respiration ratio. Methods : After subject's 10 minutes rest, we measured subject's ECG, respiration pattern and HRV. In this research, subject's number is 95(Male 50/Female 45). We calculated pulse-respiration ratio from ECG and respiration pattern. Then, we analyzed correlation between pulse-respiration ratio and HRV parameters in all subjects, 2 group divided by Wan-Maek(P-R ratio 4.28). We tried to compare HRV parameters among Wan-Maek, Sak-Maek and Ji-Maek group. Correlation analysis between pulse-respiration Ratio and Pulse rate, respiration rate is performed. Finally correlation analysis between Respiration and HRV parameters in all subjects, 2 group divided by Wan-Maek(4.28) is studied. Results : 1. Mean pulse-respiration is 4.10${\pm}$0.67, Mean pulse rate is 68.06${\pm}$7.82bpm, Mean respiration rate is 16.81${\pm}$2.72 times per minute in all subjects. 2. Correlation analysis between pulse-respiration ratio and HRV parameters of high pulse-respiration ratio group is not significant. But, in low pulse-respiration ratio group, HFnorm(correlation coefficient 0.306, p= 0.018), lnHF (0.308, p=0.002) is significantly correlated with pulse-respiration ratio. 3. Comparison of HRV parameters among Wan-Maek, Sak-Maek and Ji-Maek Group is not significant. 4. Pulse-respiration ratio is more affected by respiration rate(correlation coefficient-0.17, p=0.000) than pulse rate (correlation coefficient 0.396, p=0.000). 5. Correlation analysis between respiration rate and HRV parameters of high pulse-respiration ratio group is not significant. But, in low pulse-respiration ratio group, HFnorm (correlation coefficient -0.327, p=0.011), LF/HF(0.346, p=0.007), lnHF (-0.355, p=0.006) are significantly correlated with respiration rate. Conclusion : Pulse-respiration ratio and parasympathetic index has positive correlation. The closer Wan-Maek, The higher parasympathetic index in low pulse-respiration ratio group. Respiration rate is more related with pulse-respiration ratio than pulse rate. Respiration is negatively correlated with autonomic parameters. And the slower respiration, the higher parasympathetic index in low pulse-respiration ratio group.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.73-86
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• 1994

In addition to classic cholinergic and adrenergic pathways, the existence of a third division of autonomic control in the human airways has been proved. It is called a nonadrenergic noncholinergic(NANC) nervous system, and difficult to study in the absence of specific blockers. Neuropeptides are certainly suggested to be transmitters of this NANC nervous system. It is very frustrating to understand the pathophysiologic role of these peptides in the absence of any specific antagonists. However, further studies of neuropeptides might eventually lead to novel forms of treatment for bronchial asthma. Another study of the interaction between different components of the autonomic nervous system, either in ganglionic neurotransmission or by presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitters at the end-organ will elute neural control in airway disease, particularly in asthma. Studies of how autonomic control may be disordered in airway disease should lead to improvements in clinical management. Epithelial damage due to airway inflammation in asthma may induce bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Axon reflex mechanism is one of possible mechanisms in bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Epithelial damage may expose sensory nerve terminals and C-fiber nrve endings are stimulated by inflammatory mediators. Bi-directional communication between the nerves and mast cells may have important roles in allergic process. The psychological factors and conditioning of allergic reactions is suggested that mast cell activation might be partly regulated by the central nervous system via the peripheral nerves. Studies in animal models, in huamn airways in vitro and in patients with airway disease will uncover the interaction between allergic disease processes and psychologic factors or neural mechainsms.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2018

We developed multimedia esophageal catheters for use with birds to measure and record ECG and angular velocity while anesthesized, at rest, and in flight. These catheters enable estimates of blood pressure based on readings given by an angular velocity sensor and by RR intervals of ECG affected by EMG. In our experiments, the catheters had the following characteristics: 1. Esophageal catheters offer a topological advantage with 8-dB SNR improvement due to elimination of electromyography (EMG). 2. We observed a very strong correlation between blood pressure and the angular velocity of esophageal catheter axial rotation. 3. The impulse conduction pathway (Purkinje fibers) of the cardiac ventricle has a direction opposite to that of the mammalian pathway. 4. Sympathetic nerves predominate in flight, and RR interval variations are strongly suppressed. The electrophysiological data obtained by this study provided especially the state of the avian autonomic nervous system activity, so we can suspect individual's health condition. If the change of the RR interval was small, we can perform an isolation or screening from the group that prevent the pandemics of avian influenza. This catheter shall be useful to analysis an avian autonomic system, to perform a screening, and to make a positive policy against the massive infected avian influenza.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제31호
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• pp.7-24
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 경호경비현장에서 이루어지고 있는 실제적인 경호경비원들의 장시간 경계근무 중 발생하는 하는 생체리듬의 변화를 알아보기 위해 K대학교 경호학과 학생 9명을 대상으로 실제 경계근무와 같은 형태로 180분간 경계근무를 실시하였다. 30분 간격으로 HRV(Heart rate variability)를 통하여 심박동 변이도와 자율신경검사를 실시 한 결과 심박동 변이도 HRT과 SDNN은 유의한 차이가 없어 180분간의 경계근무 시간 동안 안정적으로 유지 하였다. 자율신경계의 전체적인 활성정도를 반영하는 TP는 안정시 보다 90분과 120분에 유의(p<.05)한 차이로 높게 나타났다. 또한 120분 이후에는 유의한 감소하여, 120분 이상의 경계근무에서는 자율신경계의 활성도가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. VLF, LF, HF 모두 유의한 차이는 아니지만 120분에 감소하는 경향을 보여 TP 변화에 영향을 주었다. 교감신경과 부교감신경의 균형도를 나타내는 LF/HF ratio는 경계근무 30분에 유의하게(p<.05)높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 경계근무 120분 이후에는 집중력이 감소하는 것으로 사료되며, 경계근무 시작 30분 까지는 근무시작으로 인한 긴장감과 흥분감이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.7-10
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of electrical stimulation applied in dominant forearm on autonomic nervous system response of both hands. Methods : Fourteen healthy subjects (women) received low frequency-high intensity electrical stimulation to one forearm. The subjects assigned to two groups; a ipsilateral stimulation group (n=7) and a contralateral stimulation group (n=7). The electrode attachment was arranged on the forearm of the dominant arm and the electricity stimulus time was set as 15 minutes. Measuring items were the skin conduction velocity, the blood flow, and the pulse rate, which were measured total 3 times (pre, post, and post 10 min.). Results : The skin conduction velocity showed a significant difference according to the change of the time in both hands, but there was no significant difference according to time in the blood flow, and the change of the pulse frequency regardless of stimulus side. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that the low frequency-high intensity electrical stimulation applied dominant forearm can increase selectively only with the skin conduction velocity, which may be helpful for the activation of the sudomotor function of both hands by the activation of sympathetic nerve.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.904-912
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• 2008

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between swallowing acid symptom and autonomic nerve system in dyspepsia patients. Methods : The test for heart rate variability (HRV) was done to 50 dyspepsia patients at the Department of Internal Medicine, Kang-Nam Kyung-Hee Korean Hospital. 21 among 50 patients had swallowing acid symptom and 29 didn't. We checked HRV and compared HRV index between the two groups. We also divided the patients into functional dyspepsia and organic dyspepsia groups, and then checked HRV respectively. Results were as follows : 1. In dyspepsia patients with swallowing acid, LF/HF ratio was higher than the dyspepsia patients without swallowing acid but the result was not statistically significant. 2. TP, LF, VLF, and LF/HF ratio was higher in the functional dyspepsia group than in the organic dyspepsia group. Average age in the organic dyspepsia group was significantly higher than in the other group. Both results showed statistically significant difference. 3. In the functional dyspepsia group, LF/HF ratio was significantly higher in patients with swallowing acid symptom than those without. However, in eructation and nausea symptoms, HRV index was not statistically significant. Conclusion : This study shows the ratio of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve system increased in the swallowing acid patient group compared with the non-swallowing acid patient group in functional dyspepsia patients.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to find the location of acupoints that are effective for increasing parasympathetic nervous system(PNS) activity among acupoints used to relieve symptoms such as dizziness and nausea. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy adult men participated in this experiment. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) was applied to P6(Neiguan), ST36(Zusanli) and BL20(Pishu) for 30 minutes. For 5 minutes before and after stimulation, Electrocardiogram(ECG), Electrodermal activity(EDA), Respiration, and Skin temperature(SKT) were measured using biosignalsplux Professional(biosignalsplux; Portugal). Paired t-test was performed for the results before and after stimulation, and a one-way ANOVA test between stimulations was performed for the rate of change before and after stimulation. Results: When each acupoint was stimulated with TENS, it was found that the PNS was generally activated. In addition, when considering the change in biosignals after stimulation, the participants stimulated with P6 showed the most consistent results. Conclusion: As a result of stimulating each acupoint, it was found that stimulating P6 can effectively increase PNS activity. These results indicate that methods of stimulating P6 may be most effective in alleviating symptoms of motion sickness.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2008

Objectives : Chronic pain affects and is affected by physical and psychosocial factors. It also has a complicated and indefinite mechanism. This research is for clarifying relations with chronic pain, stress, and autonomic nerve system by comparing HRV and Stress Reaction Index(SRI) of chronic pain patients with those of acute pain patients. Methods : The subjects were 32 patients who visited Kangnam Kyunghee Hospital for nuchal pain or low back pain treatment from March 2008 to September 2008. Among them, 16 patients who suffered over 6 months are classified chronic pain group and 16 patients who suffered under 6 months as acute pain group. All subjects had their HRV(SA-2000E: Medicore Co..Ltd. Korea) and SRI measured at first visit. We studied the difference of HRV between two groups.(Statistics by Student t-test, p<0.05) Results : R-MSSD, TP, VLF, LF, HF and LF/HF ratio of the chronic pain group were significantly lower than those of the acute pain group. Compared with those of the acute pain group, total SRI of the chronic pain group were low but it's not significant except frustration. Conclusion : The results of HRV of the chronic pain group patients show that chronic pain is related to psychosocial factor and autonomic disturbance.