• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2009

In the automotive industry, aluminum is widely used to reduce the vehicle weight. Aluminum curved extruded components are used for the design of frame parts. This study investigates the curvature extrusion process to produce the aluminum curved suspension arm. In the curvature extrusion process, the bending process is simultaneously carried out with the extrusion process. Firstly, porthole extrusion was investigated by using FE analysis to produce aluminum suspension arm. And then the bending process condition was determined to produce the final suspension arm with the required curvature. In this research, the guide roll movement causes the bending of extruded product. The moving distance and velocity of guide roll were controlled to meet the required curvature of suspension arm. Finally, the curved suspension arm was manufactured by the curvature extrusion experiment under the proposed curvature extrusion condition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.135-144
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• 2005

The Effects of intake swirl and combustion parameters on the performance and emission characteristics in a V8 type turbocharged intercooler D.I. diesel engine of the displacement $16.7\iota$ were studied experimentally in this paper. Generally the swirl in the combustion process of diesel engine promotes mixing of the injection fuel and the intake air. Also, TCI diesel engine is put to practically use intercooler in order to increase boost efficiency which is cooled boost air. As a result of steady flow test, when the swirl ratio is increased, the mean flow coefficient is decreased, whereas the Gulf factor is increased. And through engine test, its can be effected to meet performance and emission by optimizing the main parameters; the swirl ratio is 2.25, compression ratio is 17.5, combustion bowl is re-entrant $8.5^{\circ}$, nozzle hole diameter is $\phi0.33^{\ast}3+\phi0.35^{\ast}2$, injection timing is BTDC $12^{\circ}CA$ and turbocharger is T02 model which are compressor 0.6A/R+46trim and turbine 1.0A/R+57trim.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.299-312
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• 2021

Autonomous vehicles using V2X can drive safely information on areas outside the sensor coverage of autonomous vehicles conventional autonomous vehicles. As V2X technology has emerged as a key component of autonomous vehicles, research on V2X security is actively underway research on risk analysis due to failure of V2X communication is insufficient. In this paper, the service scenario and function of autonomous driving system V2X were derived by presenting the intersection scenario of the autonomous vehicle, the malfunction was defined by analyzing the hazard of V2X. he ISO26262 Part3 process was used to analyze the risk of malfunction of autonomous vehicle V2X. In addition, a fault injection scenario was presented to verify the fail-safe of the simulation-based intersection scenario.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.96-101
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• 2020

In this paper, we present the results of our research to perform 3D laser scanning functions by adding a focusing lens to a conventional 2D laser scanner. For the optical design, the ray-tracing technique was used along with a total of four lenses as the variable incident focusing lens, the collimating lens, and the F-Theta lens. As design variables, the curvature of the incident focusing lens (Lens #1) was assumed to be us, l mm and sumed mm, and the incident angles were set at 0cidenus, l. In addition, the distance between the focusing lens and the collimating lens was set to vary from 5 mm to 15 mm. When the incident focal length was varied from 5 mm to 15 mm, the exit focal length was calculated to vary from 67.5 mm to 56.8 mm for the lens with R = 100 mm and from 108.5 mm to 99.0 mm for the lens with R = 150 mm. When the incident angle was 0°, the focal aberration was only slightly observable at 10㎛ in both the x- and y-direction. At 7.5° was the focal aberration of approximately 20~50㎛ was measured at 20㎛. To investigate the chromatic aberration of the designed optical device, the distortion of the focus was observed when the 550 nm beam was simulated on lens designed for a 980 nm wavelength.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.867-872
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• 2006

Fuel cells are devices that convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. Owing to the high efficiency of the fuel cells, a large number of research work have been done during these years. Among many kinds of the fuel cells, a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is such kind of thing which works under low temperature. Because of the specialty, it stimulated intense global R&D competition. Most of the major world automakers are racing to develop polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell passenger vehicles. Unfortunately, there are still many problems to be solved in order to make them into the commercial use, such as the thermal and water management in working process of PEMFCs. To solve the difficulites facing the researcher, the analysis of the inner mechanism of PEMFC should be implemented as much as possible and mathematical modeling is an important tool for the research of the fuel cell especially with the combination of experiment. By regarding some of the assumptions and simplifications, using the finite element technique, a two-dimensional electrochemical mode is presented in this paper for the further comparison with experimental data. Based on the principals of the problem, the equations of electronic charge conservation equation, gas-phase continuity equation, and mass balance equation are used in calculating. Finally, modeling results indicate some of the phenomenon in a unit cell, and the relationships between potential and current density.

• IE interfaces
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2012

Very special and tentative considerations including emotional aspects are required to apply any new mechanism and methodologies for manufacturing fields due to several reasons. This study reviews the characteristics of manufacturing collaborations through specific cases applied digital engineering to enhance the collaboration performance in manufacturing domains. Two cases of collaboration related with automotive manufacturing process are analyzed to extract meaningful insights for better collaboration model suggestions. The first case deals the robot simulation to find out advance errors in jig and fixture design during the various welding process of body-in-whites. The effective communication protocol to share their idea and agreed schedules are essential for this collaboration. More severe requirement of collaboration between R&D and manufacturing departments are studied in the second case for e-coating process. The invisible barriers among different departments are lowered by the process application of Computer Aided Engineering which can make sure their own interesting effectively. Those technical and managerial suggestions can be used when the information system and standard process are sought to implement and update not only when innovation projects are executed.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.16-23
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• 2008

This paper describes $R_p,\;R_d,\;R_c,\;R_{cp},\;R_{cd}$ for design and manufacture of die by comparing the results. Results of this study could be reduced from three processes to two processes and drawing can be conducted using one die set by modifying structure of the punch head and die plate. Oil canning phenomenon can be prevented when circle blanking or ellipse blanking in blanking drawing. $R_c$, the important factor of drawing process was able to evaluate properly in designing of product.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.666-671
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• 2014

Using positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater as supplementary heating for diesel engine vehicles with low heat source is a good method to enhance the heating performance during cold start. In this study, the PTC elements were made by using screen printing process for forming ohmic contact layer, and prototype of PTC heater was designed and made for a diesel engine vehicle. In process of designing the PTC heater, the thermal flow analysis of PTC element modules was conducted for verifying the effect of the shapes of contact surface between each of the components (cooling fin, insulator, ceramic element). We also investigated the performance characteristic (heating capacity, energy efficiency, pressure drop) of the PTC heater through the experiments. Therefore, the experimental results indicated that prototype of PTC heater had satisfactory performance. This study will be basis for improving the manufacturing process and increasing the performance of the PTC element and heater.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.186-189
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• 2001

In keeping with the needs of the times for energy and labor saving and simplifying production processes, interests has been growing in warm forging. Moreover, it is interested in increasing the material usage and production amounts. To improve the productivity and material usage, it is studied the process design of warm forging for socket. Until now, socket is manufactured by hot forging in hammer. The percentage of material usage is under $60\%$ in hammer forging. On the other han4 the percentage can be increased over $90\%$ in warm forging. To change the process from hot forging to warm forging, process designs must be performed. In this time, by using the FEM package, DEFORM-3D, we could get the shape of 1st process and minimum sealing pressure. They are very essential design data to decrease the trial and error. Practically, the overlap defect could be detected and eliminated with design modification of rib height and fillet radius. Moreover, forging load and minimum sealing pressure was defined by the 3D FEM analysis.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.46-51
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• 2012

Injection pressure, an important factor in filling process, should be minimized to enhance injection molding quality. Injection pressure can be controlled by valve gate open timing. In this work, we decided the valve gate open timing to minimize the injection pressure. To solve this design problem, we integrated MAPS-3D (Mold Analysis and Plastic Solution-3Dimension), a commercial injection molding CAE tool, to PIAnO (Process Integration, Automation and Optimization), a commercial PIDO (Process Integration, and Design Optimization) tool using the file parsing method. In order to reduce computational cost, we performed an approximate optimization using meta-models that replaced expensive computer simulations. At first, we carried out DOE (Design of Experiments) using OLHD (Optimal Latin Hypercube Design) available in PIAnO. Then, we built Kriging models using the simulation results at the sampling points. Finally, we used micro GA (Genetic Algorithm) available in PIAnO. Using the proposed design approach, the injection pressure has been reduced by 13.7% compared to the initial one. This design result clearly shows the validity of the proposed design approach.