• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

Many efforts are being made to enhance user productivity and promote collaboration while ensuring the economic efficiency of office buildings. Analyzing space utilization, indicating how users utilize spaces, has been a crucial factor in these efforts. Appropriate space utilization enhances building maintenance and space layout design, reducing unnecessary energy waste and under-occupied spaces. Recognizing the importance of space utilization, there have been several studies to predict space utilization using information about users, activities, and spaces. These studies suggested an ontology of the information and implemented automated activity-space mapping as part of space utilization prediction. Despite the existing studies, there remains a gap in integrating space utilization prediction with automated space layout design. As a foundational study to bridge this gap, our study proposes a novel methodology that automatically generates office rooms based on space utilization optimization. This methodology consists of three modules: Activity-space mapping, Space utilization calculation, and Room generation. The first two modules use data on space types and user activity types as input to calculate and optimize space utilization through requirement-based activity-space mapping. After optimizing the space utilization value within an appropriate range, the number and area of each space type are determined. The Room generation module then automatically generates rooms with optimized areas and numbers. The practical application of the developed methodology is demonstrated, highlighting its effectiveness in fabricated case scenario. By automatically generating rooms with optimal space utilization, our methodology shows potential for expanding to automated generation of optimized space layout design based on space utilization.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2015

This paper presents an automated computer vision-based system to update BIM data by leveraging multi-modal visual data collected from existing buildings under inspection. Currently, visual inspections are conducted for building envelopes or mechanical systems, and auditors analyze energy-related contextual information to examine if their performance is maintained as expected by the design. By translating 3D surface thermal profiles into energy performance metrics such as actual R-values at point-level and by mapping such properties to the associated BIM elements using XML Document Object Model (DOM), the proposed method shortens the energy performance modeling gap between the architectural information in the as-designed BIM and the as-is building condition, which improve the reliability of building energy analysis. Several case studies were conducted to experimentally evaluate their impact on BIM-based energy analysis to calculate energy load. The experimental results on existing buildings show that (1) the point-level thermography-based thermal resistance measurement can be automatically matched with the associated BIM elements; and (2) their corresponding thermal properties are automatically updated in gbXML schema. This paper provides practitioners with insight to uncover the fundamentals of how multi-modal visual data can be used to improve the accuracy of building energy modeling for retrofit analysis. Open research challenges and lessons learned from real-world case studies are discussed in detail.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.532-536
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• 2015

This paper presents an automated computer vision-based system to update BIM data by leveraging multi-modal visual data collected from existing buildings under inspection. Currently, visual inspections are conducted for building envelopes or mechanical systems, and auditors analyze energy-related contextual information to examine if their performance is maintained as expected by the design. By translating 3D surface thermal profiles into energy performance metrics such as actual R-values at point-level and by mapping such properties to the associated BIM elements using XML Document Object Model (DOM), the proposed method shortens the energy performance modeling gap between the architectural information in the as-designed BIM and the as-is building condition, which improve the reliability of building energy analysis. The experimental results on existing buildings show that (1) the point-level thermography-based thermal resistance measurement can be automatically matched with the associated BIM elements; and (2) their corresponding thermal properties are automatically updated in gbXML schema. This paper provides practitioners with insight to uncover the fundamentals of how multi-modal visual data can be used to improve the accuracy of building energy modeling for retrofit analysis. Open research challenges and lessons learned from real-world case studies are discussed in detail.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2018

구조물의 "3차원 설계"는 성공적인 BIM(building information modeling) 정착을 위한 핵심 기술이다. 이를 위해 다양한 BIM 라이브러리들이 개발되고 있지만 선형기반으로 구조물이 가설되는 교통 인프라의 설계업무에 적용하기에는 한계가 있다. 상용화된 BIM 소프트웨어들이 지원하는 라이브러리를 계획된 선형을 기반으로 구조물이 가설되는 교통 인프라의 설계업무에 적용하는 것은 사용성 측면에서 한계가 있다. 더욱이 조합을 고려하지 않고 개발된 라이브러리로 생성된 모델은 다양한 설계변경 상황에 대응하기가 쉽지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 교통인프라 구조물인 철도 교량을 대상으로, 유관 시설 또는 부재에 대한 3차원 객체를 설계변경에 효율적으로 대처할 수 있도록 매개변수 기법을 적용한 'BIM기반 3D 모델 생성자동화 모듈'을 구축하였다. 모듈의 주요기능은 기준선형을 바탕으로 기준경로를 도출하고 다른 객체와의 조합을 고려하여 목표객체를 연장 및 배열하는 것이다. 또한 모듈의 조합으로 구성된 철도교량의 통합모델에 대하여 설계변수를 입력할 수 있는 사용자 인터페이스를 구성하여 설계변경 대응능력에 대한 적용성을 검증하였다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.437-443
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• 2013

Recently, sustainable building design, a growing field within architectural design, has been emerged in the construction industry as the practice of designing, constructing, and operating facilities in such a manner that their environmental impact, which has become a great concern of construction professionals, can be minimized. A number of different green rating systems have been developed to help assess that a building project is designed and built using strategies intended to minimize or eliminate its impact on the environment. In the United States, the widely accepted national standards for sustainable building design are known as the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Green Building Rating System. The assessment of sustainability using the LEED green rating system is a challenging and time-consuming work due to its complicated process. In effect, the LEED green rating system awards points for satisfying specified green building criteria into five major categories: sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, and indoor environmental quality; and sustainability of a project is rated by accumulating scores (100 points maximum) from these five major categories. The sustainability rating process could be accelerated and facilitated by using computer technology such as BIM (Building Information Modeling), an innovative new approach to building design, engineering, and construction management that has been widely used in the construction industry. BIM is defined as a model-based technology linked with a database of project information, which can be accessed, manipulated, and retrieved for construction estimating, scheduling, project management, as well as sustainability rating. This paper will present a framework representing the building knowledge contained in the LEED green building criteria. The proposed building knowledge framework will be implemented into a BIM platform (e.g. Autodesk Revit Architecture) in which sustainability rating of a building design can be automatically performed. The development of the automated sustainability rating system and the results of its implementation will be discussed.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.87-102
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• 2022

In Japan, the population progresses to the extreme aging society and it is entering the phase of the population decrease while the population increase is continuing in the world. The construction market is expected to shrink accordingly, however the situation of labor shortage is expected to continue at a faster rate, because the aging of construction workers is progressing and new younger labor force cannot be secured. In order to supplement the labor shortage, it is required to progress mechanization, automation, labor saving, and efficiency improvement by utilizing the information well in each stage in a series of flow of planning, design, construction, operation, and disassembly in one building. The measures to maintain and expand the construction market by the new efficiency improvement techniques which enhance the utilization degree of building information are required. Currently, the elemental technologies which utilized BIM (Building Information Modeling) are accumulated by advancing digitization in each phase. DX (Digital transformation) in the construction industry can be achieved by the technology maturing and having a series of continuities. It is anticipated that this will evolve to a new method which is unprecedented. Present status of BIM and mechanized constructions in Taisei Construction are introduced, and future prospect is described.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.127-146
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• 2020

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is increasingly used throughout the facility's life cycle for various applications, such as design, construction, facility management, and maintenance. For existing buildings, the geometry of as-built BIM is often constructed using dense, three dimensional (3D) point clouds data obtained with laser scanners. Traditionally, as-built BIM systems do not contain the material and textural information of the buildings' elements. This paper presents a semi-automatic method for generation of material and texture rich as-built BIM. The method captures and integrates material and textural information of building elements into as-built BIM using thermal infrared sensing (TIS). The proposed method uses TIS to capture thermal images of the interior walls of an existing building. These images are then processed to extract the interior walls using a segmentation algorithm. The digital numbers in the resulted images are then transformed into radiance values that represent the emitted thermal infrared radiation. Machine learning techniques are then applied to build a correlation between the radiance values and the material type in each image. The radiance values were used to extract textural information from the images. The extracted textural and material information are then robustly integrated into the as-built BIM providing the data needed for the assessment of building conditions in general including energy efficiency, among others.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.507-515
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• 2024

최근 건설산업의 경쟁력을 강화하고 스마트화를 추진하기 위한 수단으로서 BIM의 도입이 확대되고 있다. 그러나 품질 및 원가측면에서 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있는 철근공사는 주로 2D 도면 위주로 철근상세도를 작성하는 등 비효율적인 방식으로 공사관리가 이루어지고 있고 BIM의 활용도도 낮은 편이다. 이에 본 논문은 철근공사의 BIM 도입을 촉진하고 공사관리를 효율화하기 위하여 철근 상세 모델을 자동화하는 시스템을 구현하였다. 현실적인 요인을 감안하여 구조설계도면이 완성된 이후의 단계에서 확정된 구조도면의 정보를 바탕으로 기둥과 보 부재의 철근 상세 모델을 자동으로 생성한다. 실무에서의 활용도를 높이기 위하여 Revit API 개발 도구을 기반으로 C# 프로그래밍 언어를 사용하여 국내 구조설계기준에 적합한 철근 상세를 자동으로 생성할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 본 시스템을 활용하면 수작업 오류를 방지할 수 있고 작업시간 또한 상대적으로 단축할 수 있으며, 생성된 철근 모델 정보를 활용하여 철근공사의 효율성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.44-58
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• 2017

The inspection for building occupancy authorization has lacked objectivity due to manual measurement methods. This is why connivance of the illegal buildings has been rampant, which has led to so many incidents. Consequently, this law has lost its intent to protect people's lives and property. In this study, for the purpose of improvement of this law, the research was conducted by the utilization of unmanned aerial vehicle for automated inspection for building occupancy authorization. Theoretical considerations about building occupancy authorization and the trend of UAV technology were accomplished. Secondly, a series of reverse engineering was conducted including digital photography, network RTK-VRS surveying and post-processing data. Thirdly, the resultant spatial information was used for building occupancy inspection authorization in a BIM platform and the effectiveness and applicability of UAV-based inspection was analyzed. As a result, methodology for UAV-based automated building occupancy inspection authorization was derived. And it was found that eleven items would be possible to be automated among thirty total items for building occupancy authorization. Also it was found that UAV-based automated inspection could be valid in inspecting building occupancy authorization due to authentic accuracy, effectiveness and applicability with government policy.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2022

건축 프로젝트에서 BIM 도입이 활성화되고 있으나 단순 반복적인 모델링 작업과 잦은 설계 오류는 BIM의 실무 활성화의 방해요소로 잔존해 있다. 특히, 건축 내부 마감부재는 가장 많은 상세화 요구사항을 포함하고 있는 만큼 설계품질 확보를 위해 모델링 효율성 증대 및 설계 오류 해결이 중요하다. 효율성 증대를 위한 방안으로 최근 실무에서는 BIM 소프트웨어에 특화된 비주얼 프로그래밍 툴을 활용한 모듈을 개발하여 일련의 반복적인 모델링 작업을 자동화하는 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 기존의 모듈 개발은 실무적 요구사항을 반영하지 않고 단순히 반복 작업을 대체하는 것에만 집중하고 있기 때문에, 실무 활용도가 떨어지거나 적용 결과물에 대한 전면적인 재검토가 필요한 문제점이 존재하였다. 본 연구는 실무에서 인력 투입량이 가장 많으면서도 오류가 빈번하게 발생하는 벽, 바닥, 천장 부재를 대상으로 비주얼 프로그래밍 기반 자동 상세화 모듈을 구축하였다. 성능 검증을 위해 구축된 모듈을 계획설계 단계의 근린생활시설 BIM 모델에 적용하였으며, 검토 결과 실무적 요구사항이 적절히 반영되었고 수작업 모델링에서 발생하는 오류사항이 적절히 해결된 것으로 확인되었다.