• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.24-36
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• 2020

To solve social problems such as traffic accidents caused by human driver factors and to guarantee the convenience of movement, research on the commercialization of automated vehicles is being actively conducted worldwide. In automated driving levels 2 and 3, the driver must be ready to drive at any time as the automated driving system sometimes requires manual driving by the driver. The purpose of this research is to analyze the trends in global automated vehicle guidelines and prepare guidelines for the characteristics of human factors necessary for the control rights transition system of automated vehicles. To this end, we reviewed at the guidelines for automated vehicles in the US, Germany, and Japan; ISO international standards; domestic automated vehicle standards; and the EU AdaptiVe project. In addition, a guideline is presented that can be referenced and applied by organizations related to automated vehicle manufacturing and operation. It was developed by utilizing the results of our studies on the human factors affecting the guideline of control rights transition. As national laws and regulations and continuous technology development for commercialization of automated vehicles are in progress, further research into and the revision of guidelines for safe automated vehicle production and use should be continued.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.605-611
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• 2007

In order to become a mega hub port, major ports all over the world are making every effort to enhance their productivity through efficiency of internal operation. Accordingly, in order to enhance the competitiveness of a container terminal, an automated container terminal is considered as the best alternative. An automated container terminal is using such automated handling equipment as AGV(Automated Guided Vehicles) and ATC(Automated Transfer Crane). The efficient equipment operation plays a critical role in enhancing the productivity of an automated container terminal. In an automated container terminal, the most important equipments are AGV and ATC. Each block of containers with a vertical layout is generally operating two ATCs. The two ATCs can be crossed or not at each block. In the case of operating crossover ATC, it has an advantage of high flexibility that ATC work is possible at both TP(Transfer Point) of each block. But it has also a disadvantage that the yard has to be operated at a low storage level of containers in the terminal yard. Recently, for automated container terminals, which are being prepared for opening in Korea, they plan to use uncrossed twin ATC in order to make the storage level of their yards high at a low cost. Therefore, studies have to be made in order to increase the efficiency of twin ATC system based on the flexibility that the crossover ATC system has. This research aims to suggest an operation strategy to improve efficiency of twin ATC at each storage block in a yard.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1642-1647
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• 2004

In this article, we present the development of the automated system for adjusting the 6 D.O.F circular fixator. The system includes scheduling software to adjust the Hexapod Circular Fixator (HCF) and an automated strut system with the ability of the multiple synchronized motion. HCF was designed to control a 6 degree-of-freedom Ilizarove fixator and it's mechanism is known as the Stewart Platform. HCF scheduler evaluates each value of altered length of the HCF struts to correct the complex skeletal deformity by using the X-ray data of the patient. The data of HCF scheduler feed into the automated strut system which be able to provide the scheduled adjustment and the automated strut is synchronized by input data.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2012

The automated construction machines have been recently developed to help solve the construction industry problems that significantly affect labour, productivity, quality, and profit. Despite the importance of performance analysis to commercialize the automated construction machines, previous studies have mainly concentrated on developing hardware and software of automated construction machines. This research now focuses on two objectives: (1) to propose an analysis model which can measure productivity, quality, and safety improvement rate of automated construction machines based on research and development (R&D); and (2) to develop a performance analysis system which will aid the evaluator in analysing the performance of automated construction machines. Finally, it is anticipated that the effective use of the performance analysis model and computerized system will ably develop the high-performance, automated construction machines and establish the marketing strategy to increase not only the commercial value but also the upkeep and development of construction machines.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2023

This study presents the direction of data triggers and elements to be recorded in automated vehicles in the future in relation to the event data recorder (EDR) and data storage system for automated driving (DSSAD). It does not distinguish between the EDR and DSSAD, but suggests data triggers and elements in preparation for overall automated vehicle accidents and dangerous situations. To propose, the current status of discussions on EDR/DSSAD internationally and the case of investigating accidents with automated vehicles under temporary driving licenses in Korea were analyzed. Based on the analysis, the direction of data triggers and elements of the EDR/DSSAD of automated vehicles were presented.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.607-614
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• 2000

A cost-effective automated slope monitoring system is developed to monitor hazardous cut slopes along highways. This automated slope monitoring system consists of data-collection and visual monitoring, data-transmitting, database and internet service, and alarm system. Wire-line extensometer, automatic raingauge, and CCD camera are selected as monitoring instruments in this system, after consideration of failure characteristics of roadside cut slopes in the country. This paper describes the important features of this newly developed automated slope monitoring system.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2003

The operation rules to remarshaling works in yard is very important in automated container terminal (ACT). However, the decision rules for conventional container terminals have some restrictions to be applied to ACT whose block layout Is vortical for berth. The objective of this study is to propose the efficient operations rules for remarshaling works of automated transfer crane (ATC) in ACTs. Then, the various operation rules are simulated to verify the proposed operation rules. The results of the simulation study on various rules are provided and discussed.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.190-196
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• 2010

RIA검사에 재생 가능한 고정용 팁이 장착된 Automated Luquid-Handling System을 적용하여 그 사용 가능성을 조사하고, 기존의 single-pipetting과 비교하여multi-pipetting을 이용한 자동분주기의 사용이 검사자의workload를 감소시켜 업무효율을 증가시키는 것을 확인하고자 하는 것이다. Multipipetting을 이용한 자동화장비를 RIA에 적용함으로써 검사 결과의 정확도와 정밀도를 높이고, 검사횟수를 증가시켜 당일진료체계를 구축하여 오늘날의 의료 현장의 요구를 충족 시키고자 한다. 고정된 팁이 장착된 Automated pipettor의 RIA적용 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 분주량의 정확도와 정밀도, 검사결과의 재현성, 일치도, 그리고 검체간 이월오염을 측정하였다. Multi-pipetting을 이용한 자동분주기의 사용이 workload를 감소시키는 것을 시연하기 위하여 daily workload를 20일 동안 측정하였다. Tecan automated pipettor의 정밀도를 측정하였는데, Tecan은 평균 2.1%, 그리고 manual pipettor는 평균 1.6%의 CV를 보였다. Tecan automated pipettor의 재현성을 평가하여 반복 측정된 각각의 그룹에 대한 cpm결과의 평균과 CV를 계산하였는데, HBs Ag 양성 검체는 41,203 cpm과 3.7%의 CV를 보였다. HBs Ag 음성 검체는 99 cpm과 7.9%의 CV를 보였다. 일치도 평가에서는 Tecan automated pipettor 와 Gilson manual pipettor로 분주하여 결과를 분석하였는데, 측정된 결과는 p값이 0.150로 유의한 차가 나타나지 않았고, r값은 0.999로 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 검체간 이월오염은 1 ppm이하임을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 Tecan Freedom evo 100 같은 automated pipetting 장비를 RIA검사에 사용하였을 때, 검사결과의 질을 떨어뜨리지 않으면서 검사의 효율을 향상시킨다는 것을 시연하였다. 자동화장비의 사용은 증가하는 검사건수에 대한 대안이 될 것이며, 검사건수가 증가하더라도 신속하고 정확한 검사결과를 보고 할 수 있게 될 것이다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.1287-1294
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• 2004

Automated container terminals have been being developed over the world for recent years and many countries are interested in it because the amount of containers exported or imported is rapidly increasing. The conventional container terminals were not designed to control this kind of heavily many containers. They would face many structural problems soon or later, although they have managed to do well so far. One of the most important things in developing automated container terminal is to develop the equipment able to handle many containers efficiently. Those are maybe automated transfer cranes, automatic guided vehicles, and automated quay-side cranes. The word 'automated' means the equipment is operated without drivers and those equipments are able to work without any interruption in working schedule. Through the researches on the conventional transfer cranes, we decided that the structure of the conventional transfer cranes is not efficient in automated container terminal and it's not possible to handle so many containers in limited time. Therefore we have been studying on the proper structure of the automated container crane for past several years and a new type of transfer crane has been developed. Design concept and control method of a new type of transfer crane had been presented in the previous paper: Part Ⅰ. Experimental features will be presented with a model transfer crane in this paper: Part Ⅱ.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제10D권1호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2003

동북아 중심 항만의 기반을 다지기 위해 자동화항만의 건설이 시급히 요청되고 있다. 따라서 우리나라에 적합한 자동화항만의 운영시스템 레이아웃 설계방안을 제시하고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 자동화항만의 운영시스템이 추구해야말 목표를 충족시키며, 각 자동화 장비를 통한 화물의 수출입 이동경포에 따라 운영시스템의 모델을 4가지로 구분하고 여러 입력 요소들을 변경시켜 가며 시행착오를 거쳐 동적으로 분석해 나감으로서 최적의 운영시스템 모델을 선정하고, 그에 대한 수출입화물별 야드 운영시스템 레이아웃을 설계하였다. 특히 미래의 자동화항만에서는 어떠한 자동화 장비를 사용하느냐에 따라 그 생산성이 달라진다. 그러나 현실적으로 비용측면과 현재의 작업 흐름을 도외시 할 수 없기 때문에 현재의 작업을 최적화하고 현재의 사용 장비와 자동화 장비의 대체로 작업의 혼선이 발생하지 않은 방법을 선택하여 레이아웃을 설계하였다. 본 논문의 야드 운영시스템에서 기술한 장비들은 Q/C(Quay Crane)을 제외한 모든 야드 장비가 완전자동화를 전제로 한 것이다.