• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.25-30
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• 2017

Because of the vertical combustion characteristics of combustible substances, accurate substance safety information for their safe use, handling and transportation is essential. The flash point, fire point, explosion limits and autoignition temperature (AIT) are important safety parameters which need special attention in chemical plants and laboratories that handle dangerous materials. In this study, tert-butylbenzene which is widely used as an intermediate material in the chemical industry was selected. For the reliability of the flammable properties of tert-butylbenzene, this study was investigated the explosion limits of tert-butylbenzene in the reference data. The flash points, fire points and AITs by the ignition delay time for tert-butylbenzene were experimented. The lower flash points of tert-butylbenzene by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $39^{\circ}C$ and $44^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of tert-butylbenzene by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $51^{\circ}C$ and $54^{\circ}C$. And the fire points of tert-butylbenzene by the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were $54^{\circ}C$ and $58^{\circ}C$ respectively. The AIT of tert-butylbenzene measured by the ASTM 659E tester was measured as $450^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit of $39^{\circ}C$ which measured by the Setaflash flash point tester was calculated to be 0.68 vol%.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.184-189
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• 2011

This study measured the AITs of n-butanol + n-decane system from ignition delay time (time lag) by using ASTM E659 apparatus. The AITs of n-butanol and n-decane which constituted binary system were $340^{\circ}C$ and $212^{\circ}C$, respectively. The experimental AITs of n-butanol + n-decane system were a good agreement with the calculated AITs by the proposed equations with a few A.A.D. (average absolute deviation).

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

In the reutilization process using limonene, the organic solvent to reduce volume of EPS, the AIT was measured with the variation of concentration and volume of mixture, in order to present the fund-mental data on the fire hazard assessment of limonene - EPS mixture at storage and handling. And ignition zone was compared with non-ignition zone. The equation related to AIT, activation energy and ignition delay time, used by the most scientific basis for predicting AIT values, was suggested using linear regression analysis as ln t = 0.704/T-5.819. And the equation related to concentration of mixture and AIT was also suggested to predict ignition hazard of combustible mixture using nonlinear regression analysis as $T_m/=248.32+69.27X+172.60X^2$. It enabled to predict ignition temperature according to variation of ignition delay time and concentration of mixture by the suggested equations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.21-26
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• 2015

For the safe handling of o-cresol, this study was investigated the explosion limits of o-cresol in the reference data. The flash points and AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash points of o-cresol by using closed-cup tester were experimented in $77^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of o-cresol by using open cup tester were experimented in $86^{\circ}C$ and $87^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for o-cresol. The AIT of o-cresol was experimented as $495^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit(LEL) by the measured the lower flash point for o-cresol was calculated as 1.27 Vol%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.83-88
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• 2012

For the safe handling of n-tridecane, the lower flash points and AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. Also lower explosion limits by the lower flash points were calculated. The lower flash points of n-tridecane by using closed-cup tester were experimented $92^{\circ}C$ and $96^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points and fire point of n-tridecane by using open cup tester were experimented 100 oC and 103 oC, respectively. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 apparatus for n-tridecane. The experimental AIT of n-tridecane was 223 oC. The calculated lower explosion limit by using measured lower flash point 92 oC for n-tridecane was 0.6 Vol.%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.85-90
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• 2014

For the safe handling of acetic anhydride, this study was investigated the explosion limits of acetic anhydride in the reference data. And the lower flash points, upper flash points, and AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower and upper explosion limits of acetic anhydride by the investigation of the literatures recommended 2.9 Vol% and 10.3 Vol.%, respectively. The lower flash point of acetic anhydride by using Setaflash closed-cup tester was experimented $49^{\circ}C$. The lower flash point acetic anhydride by using Tag and Cleveland open cup tester were experimented $55^{\circ}C$and $62^{\circ}C$, respectively. Also, this study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for acetic anhydride. The experimental AIT of acetic anhydride was $350^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.40-45
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• 2009

In order to investigate the compatibility of data in MSDS(Material Safety Data Sheet), the flash point of xylene isomer was measured by using Pensky-Martens closed cup (ASTM D93), Setaflash closed cup(ASTM D3278), Tag open cup(ASTM D1310), and Cleveland open cup (ASTM D92) testers. Also, the AITs(autoignition temperatures) of xylene isomers were measured by using ASTM E659-78 tester. The measured the flash points and the AITs were compared with literatures and MSDS in KOSHA(Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency). The measured the flash points and the AITs were different from those in literatures and MSDS. As a result, this paper is shown that it is needed to investigate combustion characteristics of xylene isomer for the fire safety objectives.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2007

The values of the AITs(Autoignition temperatures) for fire and explosion protection are normally the lowest reported. This study measured the AITs of ethylbenzene+n-hexanol and ethylbenzene+n-propionic acid Systems from ignition delay time(time lag) by using ASTM E659-78 apparatus. The AITs of ethylbenzene, n-hexanol and n-propionic acid which constituted binary systems were $475^{\circ}C,\;275^{\circ}C\;and\;511^{\circ}C$, respectively. The experimental ignition delay time of ethylbenzene+n-hexanol and ethylbenzene+n-propionic acid systems were a good agreement with the calculated ignition delay time by the proposed equations with a few A.A.D.(average absolute deviation).

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.190-194
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• 2017

The combustion properties for the prevention of the fire and explosion in the work place are flash point, explosion limit, autoignition temperature (AIT) etc.. The using of the corrective combustion properties of the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) of the handling substance for the chemical process safety is very important. For the safe handling of benzyl alcohol which is widely used in the chemical industry, the flash point and the AIT were measured. And, the lower explosion limit (LEL) of benzyl alcohol was calculated by using the lower flash point which obtained in the experiment. The flash points of benzyl alcohol by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $90^{\circ}C$ and $93^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of benzyl alcohol by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $97^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$. The experimental AIT of benzyl alcohol by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $408^{\circ}C$. The LEL of benzyl alcohol measured by Setaflash closed-cup apparatus was calculated as 1.17 vol% at $90^{\circ}C$. In this study, it was to possible predict the LEL by using the lower flash point of benzyl alcohol which measured by Setaflash closed-cup tester.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.42-47
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• 2019

In this study, combustion characteristics were measured by selecting di-n-buthylamine, which is widely used as an emulsifier, insecticide, additive, rubber vulcanization accelerator, corrosion inhibitor, and raw material for dye production. The flash point of the di-n-buthylamine was measured by Setaflash, Pensky-Martens, Tag, and Cleveland testers. And the AIT of the di-n-buthylamine was measured by ASTM 659E. The explosion limits of the di-n-buthylamine was calculated using the measured flash points by Setaflash tester. The flash point of the di-n-buthylamine by using Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers were experimented at 38 ℃ and 43 ℃, respectively. The flash points of the di-n-buthylamine by Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were experimented at 48 ℃. The AIT of the di-n-buthylamine was experimented at 247 ℃. The LEL and UEL calculated by using lower and upper flash points of Setaflash tester were calculated at 0.69 vol% and 7.7 vol%, respectively. The measurement of the flash point measurement and the calculation method of the explosion limit prediction presented in this study can be used to study the fire and explosion characteristics of the other combustible liquids.