• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.781-784
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• 2005

Concrete structures often present volumetrical changes particularly due to thermal and moisture related shrinkages. Volumetric instability is detrimental to the performance and durability of concrete structures because structural elements are usually restrained. These restrained shrinkages develope tensile stresses which often results in cracking in combination with the low fracture resistance of concrete. Early-age defects in high-performance concrete due to thermal and autogenous deformation shorten the life cycle of concrete structures. Thus, it is necessary to examine the behavior .of early-age concrete at the stages of design and construction. The purpose of this study was to propose a shrinkage models of VES-LMC (very-early strength latex-modified concrete) at early-age considering thermal deformation and autogenous shrinkage.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제25권B호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2005

Durability of concrete structures is seriously compromised by cracking at early-age concretes, particularly in high-strength or high-performance concrete structures. Since early-age cracking is influenced by various factors that affect the hydration process, early-age shrinkage and stress/strain development, the behavior at early-age is highly complex and no rational methodologies for its control have yet been established. Concrete structures often present volumetrical changes particularly due to thermal and moisture related shrinkages. Volumetric instability is detrimental to the performance and durability of concrete structures because structural elements are usually restrained. These restrained shrinkages develope tensile stresses which often results in cracking in combination with the low fracture resistance of concrete. Early-age defects in high-performance concrete due to thermal and autogenous deformation shorten the life cycle of concrete structures. Thus, it is necessary to examine the behavior of early-age concrete at the stages of design and construction. The purpose of this study was to propose a shrinkage models of VES-LMC (very-early strength latex-modified concrete) at early-age considering thermal deformation and autogenous shrinkage.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2014

Typical high-performance concrete (HPC) mixtures are characterized by low water-cementitious material ratios, high cement contents, and the incorporation of admixtures. In spite of its superior properties in the hardened state, HPC suffers from many practical difficulties such as its sensitivity to early-age cracking (which is associated with self-desiccation and autogenous shrinkage). In this context, conventional curing procedures are not sufficiently effective to address these limitations. In order to overcome this issue, two strategies,which are based on the use of internal reservoirs of water, have been recently developed.One of these strategies is based on the use of lightweight aggregates (LWA), while the other is based on the use of superabsorbent polymers (SAP). This paper studies and compares the efficiency of the LWA and SAP approaches.Moreover, some of the theoretical aspects that should be taken into account to optimize their application for internal curing of HPC are also discussed. Two fine LWA's and one SAP are studied in terms of autogenous deformation and compressive strength. Increasing the amounts of LWAor SAP can lead to a reduction of the autogenous deformation and compressive strength (especially when adding large amounts). By selecting appropriate materials and controlling their amount, size, and porosity, highly efficient internal water curing can be ensured.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.657-660
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• 2006

Recently, very-early strength latex-modified concrete(below ; VES-LMC) has been developed for repairing and overlaying the old concrete bridge deck. Early-age defects in high-performance concrete due to thermal and autogenous deformation shorten the life cycle of concrete structures. Thus, it is necessary to examine the behavior of early-age concrete at the stages of design and construction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the autogenous shrinkage of VES-LMC, having an experimental variables such as retarder and water-cement ratio. The greater the retarder content in VES-LMC, the greater the expansion at early-age. This recommend the small retarder content as possible. The effect of water-cement ratio on early-age behavior is very small, because of the wrapped specimen in order to prevent water evaporation.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2009

초속경 라텍스개질 콘크리트(VES-LMC)를 포함한 고성능 콘크리트는 낮은 물-시멘트비, 높은 결합재량 및 고성능감수제의 사용 등으로 인해 자기수축(Autogenous Shrinkage)이 1종 콘크리트(OPC)보다 크게 나타난다. 초속경 라텍스개질 콘크리트의 배합특성은 낮은 물-시멘트비(0.38), 높은 단위시멘트량($390kg/m^3$) 및 라텍스첨가(단위시멘트량 대비 15%)로 구성되므로, 자기수축이 크게 발생할 수 있고, 또한 콘크리트 타설 후 3시간 이내에 발생하는 급격한 수분소산(Water Dissipation)과 수분증발은 자기수축을 증가시킬 수 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 현장에서 작업시간 확보를 목적으로 사용되는 지연제 첨가량 변화에 따른 초기수축, 온도변형 및 자기수축을 평가하는 것이다. 실험결과 지연제의 첨가는 콘크리트의 최대 수화열에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으며, 초속경 라텍스개질 콘크리트의 초기 팽창은 일부 자기팽창의 영향이 있기는 하지만 대부분이 열팽창에 기인하는 것으로 나타났다. 지연제 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 자기수축이 감소하는 것으로 나타났지만, 지연제의 과도한 사용은 과도한 초기 팽창을 일으킬 수 있으므로 현장조건을 고려하여 신중하게 결정되어야 한다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.617-625
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 MgO를 첨가하여 자기팽창을 유도하는 화학적 프리스트레싱 기법(chemically prestressing method)으로 균열을 제어하는 방법을 다루고자 한다. 수화열에 의한 온도변형 및 수축과 같은 콘크리트의 필연적인 체적변화는 시공 중 균열을 발생시키고, 이는 장기적인 콘크리트의 내구성 및 사용성을 저하시키는 주요 요인으로 작용한다. 시공 중 발생하는 균열을 제어하기 위하여 본 연구는 MgO 콘크리트의 팽창 특성을 모델링하고 콘크리트의 단면 내 온도분포로부터 온도응력 및 자기팽창 응력을 평가하는 3차원 유한요소해석 프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 해석프로그램은 온도의존적 자기팽창량과 팽창응력을 검증하였고, 예제 해석을 통하여 MgO 팽창 여부에 따른 잔류응력(residual stress)의 변화 양상을 비교, 분석하였다. 저온에서 소성한 MgO를 혼입하여 제조한 장기팽창성 콘크리트는 온도의존적 특성을 보이고 수년에 걸쳐 발생하는 경향을 보이므로, 장기적으로 높은 온도가 유지되는 매스콘크리트 구조물의 온도균열을 제어하는데 가장 유용하게 적용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2018

변형구속부재에서 발생하는 콘크리트 부재의 초기균열은 환경에 민감한 변수가 많아서 예측하기 힘들다. 본 연구에서는 벽체-기초부재에서 수화열에 의한 초기균열 발생 조건을 모사한 시편을 제작하고 자가변형과 자체유발응력을 측정하여 재료시험으로 예측하기 힘든 균열발생 가능성을 판단하는 방법을 제시하였다. 이를 위하여 먼저 전체 구조계의 환경조건을 고려한 부재의 수화열 해석으로 초기재령 콘크리트의 온도분포를 예측하고, 해석 결과와 같이 수화열이 전자제어되는 시편을 제작하였다. 초기재령 콘크리트의 자유변형을 측정하고 이를 보상하는 인장력을 가하여 균열을 유발하는 구속응력의 크기를 구하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 실험적 방법은 측정값의 분산이 큰 초기재령 콘크리트의 재료시험에 의존하지 않고, 초기재령 콘크리트의 수화열에 의한 온도변화, 자기수축과 릴렉세이션에 의한 자유변형량 및 구속응력을 측정할 수 있으므로 초기 균열의 발생 여부를 보다 정확하게 예측할 수 있다. 본 연구의 방법은 대형 구조물의 시공에서 본격적인 콘크리트 타설 이전에 예비실험으로 적용하면 균열예측의 정도를 높일 수 있으므로 특히 유용하다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.499-502
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• 2006

Purpose: Grave's disease is an autoimmune disease with chronic and systemic features. It affects the orbital fat and muscle bringing about defect in extrinsic eye motility, diplopia, optic nerve defect and lid retraction. In patients with lagopthalmos and resulting facial deformity, treatment can be done by rectus muscle recession or filling with various material. Autogenous auricular cartilage graft is often used and synthetic material such as synthetic acellular dermis, polyethylene meshs are also used for filling of the depressed area. Nevertheless, autogenous auricular cartilage grafts are difficult to utilize and synthetic materials sometimes result in protrusion or infection. Therefore, hard palate mucosa was considered as an alternative. We report two cases of patients with lower eyelid retraction corrected with autogenous hard palate mucosa. Methods: We performed this operation in two patients of Graves' ophthalmopathy. The capsulopalpebral fascia was incised and elevated through an incision on the conjunctiva. Then, the harvested hard palate mucosa was sutured to the inferior border of the tarsus and covered with the conjunctiva. Results: The lower eyelid retraction was corrected successfully. No hypertrophy or deformation of the transplanted hard palate mucosa was noted 6 months after the surgery. Conclusions: From the results above, we may conclude that the hard palate mucosa serves as an ideal spacer for the curvature and the inner lining in lower lid retraction. Hard palate mucosa is as sturdy as the autogenous cartilage but is much easier to utilize. It can be also used for lid retraction after lower lid aesthetic surgeries or traumas.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.789-792
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• 2005

Development of high-strength concrete and improved durability has brought new opportunities to the construction industry. However, some attention was given to characteristics of such concrete, in particular with respect to their cracking sensitivity. It has been argued and demonstrated experimentally that a low water/cement ratio concrete undergoes shrinkage due to self-desiccation. This so-called autogenous shrinkage cracking is a major concern for concrete durability. One possible method to reduce cracking due to autogenous shrinkage is the addition of expansive additive. Tests conducted by many researches have shown the beneficial effects of addition of expansive for reducing the risk of shrinkage-introduced cracking. This paper aimed at forecasting deformation of high strength cement paste with expansive additive for early age.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.458-461
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• 2006

Early age cracking of concrete is a widespread and complicated problem, and diverse applications in practical engineering have focused on this issue. Since massive concrete base slab composes the infrastructure of other concrete structures such as pier, concrete dam, and high rise buildings, early age cracking of that is considered as a crucial problem. In this study, finite element analysis (FEA) implemented with the age-dependent microplane model was performed. For a massive concrete base slab, cracking initiation and propagation, and deformation variation were investigated with concrete age. In massive concrete slab, autogenous shrinkage increases the risk of early age cracking and it reduces reinforcement effect on control of early age cracking. Gradual crack occurrence is experienced from exterior surface towards interior of the slab in case of combined hydration heat and autogenous shrinkage. FEA implemented with enhanced microplane model successfully simulates the typical cracking patterns due to edge restraint in concrete base slab.