• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.73-90
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• 2021

Previous studies have demonstrated that childhood memories can impact self-concepts. However, scant research has been conducted to determine whether and how the activation of childhood memories relates to the motivation of prosocial behaviors. Thus, this study investigated whether childhood memories facilitated prosocial behaviors through implicitly activating moral purity and how differently an abstract (vs. a concrete) construal level of autobiographical memories evoke prosocial intentions. According to the results of Study 1, the participants in the experimental condition of childhood memories were more motivated to perform prosocial behaviors than those in the controlled condition of recalling recent mundane activities. In the experimental condition, moral purity was activated more strongly than in the control condition. Study 2 demonstrated that participants in the "concrete" condition of childhood memories tended to the lower levels of prosocial motivation than those in the "abstract" condition wherein they were counting and describing good deeds from their childhood in detail. These results indicate that different construal levels (abstract vs. concrete) can mediate the relationship between childhood memories and prosocial behaviors. This study contributes to extending previous research regarding the determinants of motivating prosocial behaviors in cognitive processes.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.313-321
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• 2019

This study investigated the themes of self-esteem memories in female adults. Self-esteem memories mean memories that are focused on evaluations of the self and the themes of them are classified as achievement or social relationship. Eighteen young adults(M=21.56), fifteen middle aged adults(M=54.13), and twenty older adults(M=74.35), totally fifty three female adults participated. They recalled 4 positive and 4 negative self-esteem memories respectively. The results showed that memories of positive and negative self-worth frequently focused on relationship themes, and this tendency was significant in positive memory of young adults and negative memory of middle aged adults. This suggests that social relationship is a dominant cultural value in Korea. Links between interpersonal relationship and positive/negative self-esteem memories are explained by culture, gender and developmental tasks. Further researches about the differences by sex and life scripts in the content of self-esteem memories are needed.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.79-107
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• 2009

Episodic memory, i.e. memorization of information within a spatiotemporal environment, is affected Alzheimer's disease(AD), but its impairment may also be occurred in the normal aging process. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate memory in with Dementia of Alzheimer Type by examining their cognitive skills in episodic memory using the technique. This new method involves assessing the mental images the subject's own past in the mind like projected and movies. Three patients in the early stage of Dementia of Alzheimer Type, one with mild depression, and 2 healthy controls for comparison were asked to retrieve their episodic memory of the previous day, week, month, and a day testing day. The answers were then analyzed with regards to their specific features as emotional state, color, and time order. In the following day, the subjects were tasked to recall again the images they reproduced in the day's test order to observe of memory. Results showed that all 3 patients failed to arrange the retrieved images in time order and their images of the previous day were unclear in color and were stationary like photographs, even when they reproduced the mental images at much quantity as controls. patients could not remember particular events of yesterday, and only recalled the general occurrences of every day life. These results suggest that in the early stage of Dementia of Alzheimer Type, difficulties in the retrieval of recent episodic memory begin to primarily occur, and qualitative impairment happens earlier than quantitative.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.10-18
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• 2014

This paper interprets the hidden structure, layers and figures into cultural landscape, invisible landscape, by using landscape adjectives based on Place Memory of locals. Methods for obtaining local landscape information are through semi-standardized interview and autobiographical questionnaires. As a research site, Janghang in Korea which have experienced not only colonized and autonomous industrialization but also de-industrialization is a typical modern industrial landscape even in Asia. Thus, the landscape is interpreted as layered images like a stratum and as a dynamic landscape that changes over time. People only remember selected memories such as regional and national images affected from industrial developing paradigm in Korea. Some images of the landscape are distorted by powers and influenced by places of memory. This study brings us some discussions that 'What do we look at and remember about the landscape?'

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.495-513
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• 2011

Murdoch's novel, The Black Prince, is not, as most critics have suggested, an autobiographical novel. It is about the inner life or rather trauma of Bradley Pearson, an artist who repeatedly dreams about a shabby paper shop which used to be run by his "unsuccessful" parents. In this respect, Freudian concept of trauma is helpful since it can explain Bradley's present repetition of his past traumatic experience, while allowing us to understand the nature of his trauma which reveals itself not only through his repeated nightmares but also through the women who are represented as diverse versions of his mother, the origin of Bradley's trauma. Caruth's concept of traumatic awakening and traumatic survival is also instrumental in understanding the nature of the traumatic experience which Bradley undergoes in this novel. Induced by Loxias's address, Bradley makes a confession of "the sins," which makes possible his traumatic survival as well as traumatic awakening, which is transmitted not only to Loxias but also to us the readers. In this sense, the significance of Bradley's awakening is not confined to his past only, but becomes a matter of a social dimension. The meaning of Bradley's writing lies in this fact.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.401-417
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• 2011

The life review means a process of appraising life of oneself and it is essential for finding the meaning of life in old age. The memoir writing is a kind of method of life review. The memoir writing program used in this study focused especially on enhancing the cognitive skills by providing priming and retrieval support for memory performance in reminiscing past experiences. All fourteen participants were healthy and normal community dwellers and attended four-month long programof memoir writing classes which are consisted of different themes for each week. The aim of this study was to examine if the memoir writing program would render the positive effect on mental health and cognitive ability of the elderly. The results were that quality of life, life satisfaction, ego integrity of the participants showed positive change and the level of depression was significantly reduced compared to that of the control group. The findings in the present study suggest that the memoir writing can serve as one of the community initiative program to the growing population of the elderly for their emotional and cognitive challenges that they face everyday. To warrant the validity of the program, further study is needed for other sectors of elderly population, such as elderly living alone or those with both physical and/or cognitive disadvantages.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 2000

Purpose: Episodic memory is described as an 'autobiographical' memory responsible for storing a record of the events in our lives. We performed functional brain activation study using ${H_2}^{15}O$ PET to reveal the neural basis of the encoding and the retrieval of episodic memory in human normal volunteers. Materials and Methods: Four repeated ${H_2}^{15}O$ PET scans with two reference and two activation tasks were performed on 6 normal volunteers to activate brain areas engaged in encoding and retrieval with verbal materials. Images from the same subject were spatially registered and normalized using linear and nonlinear transformation. Using the means and variances for every condition which were adjusted with analysis of covariance, t-statistic analysis were performed voxel-wise. Results: Encoding of episodic memory activated the opercular and triangular parts of left inferior frontal gyrus, right prefrontal cortex, medial frontal area, cingulate gyrus, posterior middle and inferior temporal gyri, and cerebellum, and both primary visual and visual association areas. Retrieval of episodic memory activated the triangular part of left inferior frontal gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus, right prefrontal cortex and medial temporal area, and both cerebellum and primary visual and visual association areas. The activations in the opercular part of left inferior frontal gyrus and the right prefrontal cortex meant the essential role of these areas in the encoding and retrieval of episodic memory. Conclusion: We could localize the neural basis of the encoding and retrieval of episodic memory using ${H_2}^{15}O$ PET, which was partly consistent with the hypothesis of hemispheric encoding/retrieval asymmetry.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.479-512
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• 2016

This is a practice-based research, aiming to explore the experiments of Animated Documentary, which is a unique form can explore the mysteries and complexity of memories. Animated Documentary is a medium through which one can reveal an individual's memories within the context of a narrative that is historically situated and influenced. The marriage of animation and documentary gave birth to a new form of film. How to category this new form? Is it an animated short or documentary short? In fact, this raises issue that questioning the nature of animation and documentary. From Shuibo Wang's works, more young Chinese artists began to experiment with symbols (related to the Political Pop Trend) in visual narration, which could also be seen as a reflection of structuralism and semiology in the contemporary Chinese art field. As a case study, this paper demonstrates how animated short "Ketchup" revealed the problems of youth and social turmoil through the memories of a six-year boy. On the Festivals and conferences, the publics were shocked to know "Ketchup" based on true memories, and they were more curious why the crucial things almost be forgotten. Actually forget fulness is one of the layers of memories and Animated Documentary will offer a new way to explore how our memories are shaped.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.38
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• pp.53-70
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• 2015

In industrialized societies throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, Over Produced and Mass consumption images were constantly shown to people via Mass-Media as means to provoke one's desire. Frank Mouris, the American independent animator, captured and showed the infinite nesting of industrialized image with his autobiographical story through his work (1973) and made it as an intense visual flow. This innovative art animation has broke the traditional form of narrative animation and won the Annecy Animation Festival Grand Prix and the Academy Awards in 1974. This was also selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant in 1996. This study explores and shows that how these a-half million images to express Franks Mouris's autobiographical story in could be analyzed by the concept of Walter Benjamin's 'dialectical images'. Typically, the term 'dialectic' need to be formed by contradiction or opposite concept in the basic principles, but a dialectical image of Benjamin could be formed without any opposite concept while maintaining the uniqueness of each new relationship of the past. Benjamin's dialectical images are no longer stay in the historical past, It always meets with the present when someone realizes the past in the present moment. I suggest three different aspect according to Benjamin's point of view to analyse this animated film such as 'Historical-dialectical imaging of private/collective memory', 'Reconfiguring of present through analysing the relationship between the image flows and its own time/space', and 'Old future over the existing fragment and the presence of fragment. has the great value not only to present the experimental and innovative aesthetics of animated film, but also to show an analysis of contemporary culture and social aspect in mid-20th century. This study is to explore the diversity of animation representation, aesthetics, and also to suggest a new aspect of animation studies.