• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.521-535
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the formation of parental beliefs. For this study, 154 unmarried university students were asked to fill in a packet of survey questionnaire about parental beliefs, the internal representation of childhood, and communication with their parents. Data collected were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression by SPSS PC program. It was reported that the internal representation of parenting formed in childhood influences the development of rational authoritative beliefs, distancing beliefs, and direct authoritative beliefs. Also, the open communication with parents affected the distancing beliefs and rational authoritative beliefs.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.461-472
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• 2018

Using a sample of third grade middle school students from the forth wave of Children and Youth Panel Survey in 2012, the mediation effects of private educational expenditure between parenting styles and children's academic performance were investigated by applying factor, cluster, tobit, and two stage regression analysis. The major results were as follows. First, four types of parenting style were identified. The most frequent parenting style was ambivalent parenting (tiger parenting) which was followed by authoritative parenting. Second, compared to permissive parenting style, ambivalent, authoritative, and authoritarian parenting styles were significantly associated with more private educational expenditures. Third, more private educational expenditures were significantly associated with higher academic performance of children. I found both a full mediation effect of private educational expenditure for ambivalent and authoritarian parenting styles, and a partial mediation effect for authoritative parents. Authoritative parenting style has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between household income and private educational expenditure, along with a positive direct effect on the academic performance of children. The results suggested that an authoritative parenting style was related with higher academic performance of children with less private educational expenditures compared to other parenting styles. The results also implied that the public policies to enhance authoritative parenting style among parents would be effective to reduce household's private educational expenditures.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to find the correlation between authoritative parenting attitudes, emotional bonding of adolescents with parents, impulsiveness and cellular phone addiction. The paper will also explore the mediating role of impulsiveness between adolescents' emotional bonding with parents, authoritative parenting attitudes and cellular phone addiction. The subjects were made up of 237 adolescents. The data were analyzed with frequency, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and structural equation modeling by PASW and AMOS. The instruments used were Lee et al. (1997) Parenting Attitude, Hudson (1982) Child's Attitude Toward Parent (CATP), Lee (2001) BIS (Barnett Impulsiveness Scale) and Lee (2008) Cellular Phone Addiction. The major findings were as follows: the sex of the adolescents was significantly different with cellular phone addiction and their family economic status was significantly different with adolescents' emotional bonding with parents and cellular phone addiction. Authoritative parenting attitude was negatively correlated with adolescents' emotional bonding with parents and positively correlated with impulsiveness and cellular phone addiction. Emotional bonding of adolescents with parents was negatively correlated with impulsiveness and cellular phone addiction. Adolescents' emotional bonding with parents influenced impulsiveness and cellular phone addiction negatively, and impulsiveness mediated the effects of adolescents' emotional bonding with parents, authoritative parenting attitude and cellular phone addiction. Authoritative parenting attitude influenced adolescents' impulsiveness and cellular phone addiction positively, but impulsiveness influenced cellular phone addiction positively. In conclusion, it is important to intervene in adolescents' cellular phone addiction through special education programs and counseling to build adolescents' emotional bonding with parents and to reduce impulsiveness.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.21-37
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to review the importance of authoritative parenting for children's social adjustment. From the review it was suggested that the importance of authoritative parenting might be different according to the cultural contexts, which are Western and Asian cultures, and aggressive and social withdrawal behaviors. From the comparative cultural viewpoint, authoritarian parenting is not considered negatively by Asian parents, comparing with Western parents. Therefore the assumption that authoritative parenting has universal positiveness and authoritarian parenting has universal negativeness should be reconsidered. Regardless of cultures, children's aggressive behavior was related to the authoritarian parenting positively. But, in Asia, especially in China, the social withdrawal did not show at least negative relation with authoritative parenting. And it was reported that the authoritarian parenting could contribute to the change of inhibited behavior and enhancing the social adjustment. In addition, some implications were suggested for future researches about the relation between children's social adjustment and child rearing practices. Though this literature review was not exclusively based on the empirical studies, it would be valuable for reconsidering the perspective of Korean developmentalists interested in the relation between parenting and children's development in Korean culture.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 2003

Data were collected from 392 4th and 6th grade students by questionnaires and analyzed by Pearson's correlation, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. More problem behavior was reported by 4th than by 6th graders and by boys than by girls; the gender difference was larger in 4th than 6th graders. Low school satisfaction, authoritative parenting, male gender, and higher age predicted problem behavior. Within group variables that predicted problem behavior were low authoritative parenting, low school satisfaction. Male gender, and low self-control in the 4th graders ; low self-control and school satisfaction in the 6th graders; low authoritative parenting and school satisfaction in girls ; and low school satisfaction, higher age, and low self-control in boys.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.78-86
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• 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between parenting styles and childhood dental caries using a sample of 3 to 6 years old children in Korea. The subjects were 158 children aged 3 to 6 years old and their parents in Korea. The parenting styles were divided into three groups (authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive) using a translated version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ). Among the 353 parents/child dyads, 158 questionnaires were returned. Authoritative parenting style was the majority (95.6%), followed by authoritarian (3.8%), and permissive (0.6%). There were no statistically significant differences between dental caries and parenting styles. The mean of dft index in authoritative group was lower than others. In the authoritative domain, the higher the authoritative tendency, the lower the dft index. Overall, authoritative parenting styles resulted in low rates of dental caries for the children. The stronger the authoritative tendency of the parents, the lower the experience of dental caries in the children. Therefore, parenting styles were likely to affect the oral health of a child, but it seemed necessary to supplement the evaluation tool to evaluate the parenting styles.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.19-28
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• 2007

We considered the authoritative representations of torpedo systems that was the engagement level model to develop system specifications and to analyze operational requirements on concept design phase. The Work Breakdown Structure(WBS) of models was defined about authoritative representations of the torpedo systems. The communication of information among each subsystems and input/output parameters were defined. In the heavy weight and light weight torpedo model, presetter, underwater maneuver, war head, sonar, guidance and control, propulsion subsystem modeling were developed for heavy-weight and the light-weight torpedo systems. The authoritative representations of torpedo systems have similar structures with those of the engineering level models and could be verified via engagement level simulations according to the V&V process in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.77-97
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• 2020

This study seeks to analyze the concepts of authenticity and reliability of records and apply them to the criteria for judging authoritative records subject to legal management. While reliability is determined by the degree of completeness and control in the records creation stage, authenticity is ensured by preventing manipulation and tampering that occur after records creation. Authoritative records with reliability in the creation stage are legally subject to management, so such records can be subject to punishment if they are destroyed because of negligence. It is necessary to take active measures to ensure reliability, continuous authenticity after creation, and complete records creation by controlled procedures and methods before records capture. The lack of such an evidential characteristic does not mean that it is not a record, and such records are also created in reality, managed in a system, and delivered to the next generation as a representation of social memory and activities.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the structural relationships among mothers' parenting practices, child's self-esteem, and child's well-being and to explore the mediating effects of mothers' parenting practices on child's well-being through child's self-esteem. Research design, data, and methodology: Data from the 10th and 13th waves of the Korean Child Study Panel were used for the study, and data from 1,213 mothers and child were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 and the R statistical program. Results: First, in the relationship between the mother's parenting practices, the child's self-esteem, and well-being, the mother's authoritative parenting practices were positively correlated with the child's self-esteem and well-being. Second, the mother's authoritative parenting practices in preschool directly influenced the child's self-esteem in late school, and the child's self-esteem directly influenced the child's well-being. Third, mothers' authoritative parenting practices in the preschool years had a static effect on child's Well-being through the mediation of child's Self-Esteem in the late school years. The direct mediation effect of the Child's Self-Esteem was confirmed. Conclusions: To promote child's Well-being, mothers should adopt authoritative parenting practices with affection and control and try to improve child's self-esteem. In addition, programs that focus on improving child's self-esteem can be expected to enhance school-aged child's well-being.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.21-26
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the structural relationships among mothers' parenting practices, child's self-esteem, and child's well-being and to explore the mediating effects of mothers' parenting practices on child's well-being through child's self-esteem. Research design, data, and methodology: Data from the 10th and 13th waves of the Korean Child Study Panel were used for the study, and data from 1,213 mothers and child were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 and the R statistical program. Results: First, in the relationship between the mother's parenting practices, the child's self-esteem, and well-being, the mother's authoritative parenting practices were positively correlated with the child's self-esteem and well-being. Second, the mother's authoritative parenting practices in preschool directly influenced the child's self-esteem in late school, and the child's self-esteem directly influenced the child's well-being. Third, mothers' authoritative parenting practices in the preschool years had a static effect on child's Well-being through the mediation of child's Self-Esteem in the late school years. The direct mediation effect of the Child's Self-Esteem was confirmed. Conclusions: To promote child's Well-being, mothers should adopt authoritative parenting practices with affection and control and try to improve child's self-esteem. In addition, programs that focus on improving child's self-esteem can be expected to enhance school-aged child's well-being.