• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.645-651
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• 2012

This study investigated changes in phase fraction caused by the addition of Mo, as well as the subsequent behaviour of N and its effect on the mechanical properties of welded 24Cr-N duplex stainless steel weld metals. Filler metal was produced by fixing the contents of Cr, Ni, N, and Mn while adjusting the Mo content to 1.4, 2.5, 3.5 wt%. The delta ferrite fraction increased as the Mo content increased. In contrast, the ${\gamma}$ fraction decreased and changed from a round to an acicular shape. Secondary austenite (${\gamma}^{\prime}$) was observed in all specimens in a refined form, but it decreased as the Mo content increased to the extent that it was nearly impossible to find any secondary austenite at 3.5 wt% Mo. Both tensile and yield strengths increased with the addition of Mo. In contrast, the highest value of ductility was observed at 1.41 wt% Mo. At all temperatures, impact energy absorption showed the lowest value at 3.5 wt% Mo, at which the amount of ${\delta}$-ferrite was greatest. There was no significant temperature dependence of the impact energy absorption values for any of the specimens. As the fraction of ${\gamma}$ phase decreased, the amount of N stacked in the ${\gamma}$ phase increased. Consequently, the stacking fault energy decreased, while the hardness of ${\gamma}$ increased.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.270-276
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• 1999

Ti-Ni-Cu alloy powders were fabricated by ball milling, and the properties of these powders were characterized. Mixed 50Ti-(50-x)Ni-xCu powders of 5 to 10at.%Cu composition were milled for 100 hours using SUS 1/4" balls in argon atmosphere. Ball to powder ratio was 20:1 and rotating speed was 100 rpm. Tensile strength, microstructure and phase transformation of ball milled Ti-(50-x)Ni-xCu powders were studied. After 100 hours milling, Ti, Ni and Cu elements were alloyed completely and an amorphous phase was formed. Amorphous phase was crystallized to martensite(B 19') and austenite(B2) after heat treatment for 1 hour at $850^{\circ}C$. As the Cu contents were increased, tensile strength of extruded 6061Al/TiNiCu was decreased, and B19'martensite phases In the TiNi particles were the causes of high tensile stress of extruded 6061Al/TiNiCu.NiCu.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.142-146
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• 2010

To elucidate the characteristics of cavitation erosion of super duplex stainless steel, a cavitation erosion test, an optical microstructure, a hardness test, and a transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis were conducted. As aging time at $475^{\circ}C$ increased, the hardness of ferrite phase increased whereas that of austenite phase was nearly constant. The reason why the cavitation erosion resistance increased with an increase of aging time was due to the formation of W-rich phases (${\alpha}$') of a nanometer scale with the high hardness that were precipitated within ${\alpha}$-grains and at ${\alpha}$-grain boundaries during aging, compared with that of the solution annealed alloy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.390-398
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• 2001

Welding process generates distortion and residual stress in the weldment due to rapid heating and cooling. Welding distortion and residual stress in the welded structure result in many troubles such as dimensional inaccuracies in assembling and safety problem during service. The accurate prediction of welding residual stress is thus very important to improve the quality of weldment and find the way to reduce itself. This paper suggests new analysis method to predict welding residual stress by considering solid phase transformation during welding process. Using the method, analysis is performed for medium and low carbon steel. The analysis result for medium carbon steel reveals that case considering phase transformation has compressive residual stress in contrast with the case neglecting phase transformation because of martensite formation. However, for the case of low carbon steel, residual stress shows little difference between the case considering phase transformation and the other case, because it has small transformation strain and recovers rapidly stress after phase transformation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.79-84
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• 1998

It is very difficult to analyze the transient temperature distribution during quenching of the steel because of coupled effects among temperature, structures and stresses. In this paper, using Inoue's equation of evolution and mixture rule, transient temperature distribution is calculated by the finite element method considering latent heat of transformation structure and temperature dependence of physical and mechanical prperties for the 0.45% carbon cylindrical steel bar with 40mm diameter and 20mm height during end-quenching.

• 한국기계연구소 소보
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• s.19
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• pp.53-60
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• 1989

Hot upsetting experiments were carried out on presintered steel powder preforms in the temperature range 700- $950^{\circ}C$ to examine the hot deformation behavior. Following conclusions were drawn on the basis of the present study. -The flow stress during hot deformation is directly related to $\alpha$- $\gamma$ phase trasformation - The flow stress of ferrite is lower than that of austenite in the moderate temperature range 800- $900^{\circ}C$ for most alloys used in the present study - Major restoration behavior during hot deformation in the ferrite range is dynamic recovery.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.92-94
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• 2013

우수한 기계적 강도 및 내식성을 가지고 있는 F51(Duplex Stainless Steel)에 저온 plasma Carburizing처리를 적용하여 온도 및 Ar농도에 따른 표면특성을 조사하였다. 플라즈마 처리된 시편은 표면에 탄소가 과포화된 S-phase 또는 Expanded austenite가 형성되어 미처리 시편에 비해 경도 및 내식성 모두 증가하였다.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 1981

A study has been performed on the effect of TMT(thermomechanical treatment) on the mechanical properties of steel and aluminum alloys. Improvement of the mechanical properties on steel by HTMT is due to refinement of prior austenite grain size, martensite lath size and the distribution of fine carbide precipitates and on aluminum alloy by ITMT is due to grain size refinement, homogeneous distribution of small second phase particles and retardation of the recrystallization.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 1999

The hot cracking phenomena and phase behaviors during hot working process of Cu-Ni bearing hot rolled steels were investigated by a $90^{\circ}$bending tests, BSE image analysis and EDS analysis. For aNi-free 1.2% Cu bearing steel, the surface hot cracking occurred about $1100^{\circ}C$ due to a liquid state Cu-enriched phase formed continuously at the interface between oxide scale and matrix. The liquid Cu-enriched phase penetrated into austenite grain boundaries and caused surface cracking during the hot working. In case of 0.6% Ni containing 1.2% Cu-Ni bearing steel, solid state Cu-Ni-riched phase existed at the scale/matrix interface as a discontinuous type. But the higher addition of 1.2% Ni, solid state Ni-Cu-riched phase was formed dominantly in the oxide scale. It was found that the addition of Ni suppressed the surface cracking of 1.2% Cu bearing steel by eliminating the liquid state Cu-enriched phase.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.565-572
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• 2004

The microstructures of variously heat treated hypoeutectoid($0.45\%$ carbon) and eutectoid($0.85\%$ carbon) steel were characterized by magnetic coercivity measurement. The effect of spheroidization of cementites on the coercivity was investigated for $0.45\%$ carbon steel. In case of $0.85\%$ carbon steel, microstructural parameters such as prior austenite grain size, phase and pearlite interlamellar spacing were measured along with coercivity to investigate the relationships between them. Prior austenite grain size had little effect on the measured coercivity. Coercivity was observed to be high in order of martensite, pearlite and ferrite phases. The linear decrease of coercivity with increasing pearlite interlamellar spacing was found. The effect of each microstructural factor on the coercivity and the potential of coercivity as a nondestructive evaluation parameter for assessing microstructures of steel products are discussed.