• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2016

Objectives: Bufonis venonum (BV) is toad venom and is the dried, white secretions of the auricular and the skin glands of toads. This study was performed to evaluate the toxicity of intravenous injection of Bufonis venonum pharmacopuncture (BVP) through a single-dose test with sprague-dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Twenty male and 20 female 6-week-old SD rats were injected intravenously in the caudal vein with BVP or normal saline. The animals were divided into four groups with five female and five male rats per group: the control group injected with normal saline, the low-dosage group injected with 0.1 mL/animal of BVP, the medium-dosage group injected with 0.5 mL/animal of BVP and the high-dosage group injected with 1.0 mL/animal of BVP. We performed clinical observations every day and body weight measurements on days 3, 7 and 14 after the injection. We also conducted hematology, serum biochemistry, and histological observations immediately after the observation period. Results: No mortalities were observed in any experimental group. Paleness occurred in the medium- and the high-dosage groups, and congestion on tails was observed in females in the medium- and the high-dosage groups. No significant changes in weight, hematology, serum biochemistry, and histological observations that could be attributed to the intravenous injection of BVP were observed in any experimental group. Conclusion: The lethal dose of intravenously-administered BVP in SD rats is over 1.0 mL/animal.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 2015

Objectives: Bufonis venonum (BV) is the dried white secretions of the auricular and skin glands of the toads Bufo bufo gargarizans or Bufo melanosticus Schneider. This study was performed to evaluate the toxicity of intramuscularly-administered Bufonis venonum pharmacopuncture (BVP) and to calculate its approximate lethality through a single-dose test with Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: Twenty male and 20 female 6-week-old SD rats were injected intramuscularly with BVP or normal saline. The animals were divided into four groups with five female and five male rats per group: the control group injected with normal saline at 0.5 mL/animal, the low-dosage group injected with 0.125 mL/animal of BVP, the medium-dosage group injected with 0.25 mL/animal of BVP and the high-dosage group injected with 0.5 mL/animal of BVP. All injections were in the left thighs of the rats. After administration, we conducted clinical observations everyday and body weight measurements on days 3, 7 and 14 after the injection. We also carried out hematology, serum biochemistry, and histological observations on day 15 after treatment. Results: No mortalities were observed in any experimental group. No significant changes in weight, hematology, serum biochemistry, and histological observations that could be attributed to the intramuscular injection of BVP were observed in any experimental group. Conclusion: Lethal dose of BVP administered via intramuscular injection in SD rats is over 0.5 mL/animal.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effect of oriental obesity therapy on obese patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). Methods The patient was treated from November 17, 2008 to May 15, 2009 for obesity treatment. And the patient had intensive care through admission treatment from November 17, 2008 to November 29, 2008. Electrolipolysis, auricular acupuncture, herbal medicine, low calorie diet and aerobic exercise were done during the treatment period. Results His body Weight decreased from 102.8kg to 82.7kg. The BMI decreased from 35.2kg/m$^2$ to 28.9kg/m$^2$. NAFLD effectively improved on sonography form grade II${\sim}$III to grade I${\sim}$II after oriental obesity therapy, AST decreased from 65 to 19. ALT decreased from 152 to 18. Oriental obesity therapy could be effective to treat obese patient with NAFLD. Conclusions The obese patient with NAFLD improved on sonography by oriental obesity therapy.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2007

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effect of oriental medical obesity therapy on obese patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We supposed to treat patient 21 years old that had non-alcoholic fatty liver with oriental medical obesity therapy. Methods The patient was treated from the 19th of July to the 22th of August for obesity treatment. And the patient had intensive care through admission treatment from the 19th of July to the 30th of July. Herbal medicine, low calorie and low cholesterol diet, electrolipolysis, auricular acupuncture, aerobic exercise was done during the treatment period. Results His body weight decreased from 107.10㎏ to 98.85㎏. The BMI decreased from 36.2㎏/$m^2$ to 34.5㎏/$m^2$. Abdominal visceral fat tissue decreased from 190.80$cm^2$ to 145.05$cm^2$. AST was decreased from 113 to 45. ALT was decreased from 145 to 40. r-GT was decreased from 123 to 51. Oriental obesity therapy could be effective to treat obese patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusions The obese patient with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease had improved liver function after oriental obesity treatment.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.519-536
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• 1998

Purpose ; This Investigation was aimed to find out the Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Acupuncture of Epiphora(Watery Eye) in Oriental Medicine Methods ; 49 books were surveyed from to recent published books those referred to Epiphora. Results ; In Oriental Medicine, Epiphora is divided into two types; Cool Watery eye and Hot Watery eye. Both cool and hot type can be redivided into the mild and serious cases. The mild Watery eye means tears on the cheek with the wind; The serious Watery eye means tears on the cheek unrelated the wind from time to time. Conclusions ; The cause of Epiphora can be concluded with the shortage of functional division of Liver and Kidney(肝腎虛), and the chaos and fever of Liver meridian(肝經風熱). In Acupuncture agenst Epiphora, the acupuncture point at Bladder, Gallbladder and Liver meridian occupied the high level of the most often-used acupuncture point list; The acupuncture point at the portion of head and neck, upper extremities, lower extremities, and back, especially around orbit, were mainly used against Epiphora. Recently, beyond conventional acupuncture, Auricular- Acupuncture(耳鍼療法), Herb- Acupuncture(藥鍼療法), Bleeding-Acupuncture(潟血療法), Manipulation(手技療法) used against Epiphora.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.225-228
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study is to develop a two-stage training module using radish and swine scapular cartilage for carving ear cartilage. Methods: In the first stage, white radish was cut in 3-6 mm thick slices. The ear cartilage framework was carved using a graver and the helix and antihelix were fixed with pins. In the second stage, swine scapular cartilage was obtained. The thickness varied 3-6 mm. The ear cartilage framework was made. And triangular fossa and scaphoid fossa were carved with graver. A curvilinear cartilage for helix was assembled to the framework by pin fixing. Six participants were recruited for an ear reconstruction training workshop and figures of the cartilage framework were provided. Participants were asked answer the pre-workshop questionnaire and post-workshop questionnaire on a Likert scale to rate their satisfaction with the outcome. Results: On the pre-workshop questionnaire, participants indicated that they did not have sufficient knowledge and skill for fabricating the ear cartilage framework (1.5±0.5 using white radish; 1.3±0.5 using swine scapular cartilage). On the post-workshop questionnaire, participants responded that they had learned useful knowledge from this workshop, reflecting a significant improvement (3.8±1.0 using white radish; 4.0±1.1 using swine scapular cartilage). They also indicated that they had become somewhat confident in this skill (4.2±0.8 using white radish; 4.3±0.5 using swine scapular cartilage. The participants generally found the workshop satisfactory (practically helpful, 4.7±0.5; knowledge improved, 4.8±0.4; satisfied with course, 4.5±0.5; would recommend to others, 4.8±0.4). Conclusion: This model can be useful for ear reconstruction training for medical personnel.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.197-213
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• 1995

The present experiment was desinged to investigate the effects of Sopungtang water extracts on the Cardiovascular System in the Experimental Animals. Thus, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were measured after oral administration. Measurments of Mortality rate were observed for measuring the effect of Sopungtang water extract. Sopungtang water extract against pulmonary thromboembolism induced by collagen the mixture(0.1ml/10g, 2mg/kg B.W) plus serotonin(5mg/kg B.W) in mouse. The effects of Sopungtang water extract were examined by observing the change of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, coagulation activity, ex vivo and in vitro fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin fraction in rats. The results were summarized as followings. 1. Sopungtang dropped the blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rat. 2. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 3. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in rat. 4. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembolism by serotonin and collagen. 5. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 6. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 7. The drug increased the antithrombin activity in rat and the fibrinogen lyses time was reduced and lyses area was increased. 8. Sopungtang reduced fibrinogen lyses time of rat in vitro assay. According to the above mentioned results, Sopungtang increased the blood flow and dropped the blood pressure by the dilation of blood vessel. And the drug presented the antithrombin acivity, inhibited the platelet aggregation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 1976

The extract of commercial mistletoe caused transient contraction of mouse ileum in vitro at the level of $7{\times}10^{-4}g/ml$ and augmented significantly its peristalsis. When the ileum was pre-treated With $10^{-6}g/ml$ of adrenaline the administration of the extract at a level of $10^{-4}g/ml$ blocked the contraction. The increase inperistalsis and intention was also observed in rabbit ileum in vitro with the administration of the extract at a level of $10^{-1}g/ml$ but these phenomenon were inhibited by the adrenaline treatment at a level of $10^{-6}g/ml.$ When the extract was applied to spirally cut strips of thoracic aorta at the level of $10^{-3}g/ml$ the contractile action of adrenaline was significantly inhibited. When the extract was infused to auricular blood vessel of rabbit at the rate of $10^{-4}g/ml,\;10^{-3}g/ml,\;10^{-2}g/ml$ and $10^{-1}g/ml$ increases in number of drops by 70%, 77%, 93% and 100% were observed if the maximum number of drops caused by $10^{-1}g/ml$ is considered to be 100%. The duration of prolongation was proportionate to the increase in concentration of the extract. Hypotensive action of the extract and its duration were proportionately increased as the quantity of the extract increased. The increase in number and depth of respiration observed during the hypotensive status was brought to the normal when the tension became normal. In view of these observations it is concluded that the extract of commercial mistletoe has a contractile action of acetylcholine effect in the ileum of mouse and rabbit, loosens both aorta and smooth muscle and promotes peripheral circulation. As for the hypotensive action it is concluded that the action is brought about by the decrease in peripheral circulatory resistance due to the antagonism between acetylcholine and adrenaline.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.161-177
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• 2004

Objective : There have been many programs to treat childhood obesity, since childhood obesity has shown up as a social problem. The purpose of this study was to find out considerable matters to manage Childhood Obesity Treatment Program (COTP). Methods : This study was made with reference to clinical progress notes of children with obesity, visiting the oriental medicine center, to take COTP from July 30th, 2003 to August 25th, 2004. COTP was consist of abdominal aroma massage, abdominal low frequency acupuncture therapy, auricular acupuncture therapy and behavior modification. Results : 1. Seven children who taken COTP started fat from young age and three started from about ten-year-old ages. 2. Six children have fat fathers, a child has fat parents and three children have no fat family member. 3. The obesity levels of Obesity Index(OI), Body Mass Index(BMI) and Rohler Index(RI) were different, used for evaluating the result of treatment, though they are used for a child. The result of OI reflected more sensitive from changes of weight than those of BMI and RI. 4. We got the better results with numbers of treatment and exercise. Conclusions : More correct standard are needed to estimate degree childhood obesity. And it is necessary to carry out obesity treatment program with behavior modification, for children with obesity. to be healthy adults.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2012

Objectives : The aim of this study was to report Bell's palsy patients with postauricular pain treated by Calculus Bovis Fel Ursi Moschus(BUM) Pharmacopuncture. Methods : The 6 patients were treated by the Korean medica treatment including herbal medication, dry needle acupuncture and physical therapy. We performed BUM Pharmacopuncture in Yepung for the treatment of postauricular pain once or twice. We have evaluated the effect of BUM Pharmacopuncture by Visual Analog Scale(VAS). Results : After BUM Pharmacopuncture for the treatment of postauricular pain, VAS were decreased in all cases. Conclusions : It was suggested that BUM Pharmacopuncture might have effect on control of auricular pain in Bell's palsy. Further, systemic studies will be needed to evaluate obvious effect of BUM pharmacopuncture on postauricular pain of Bell's palsy.