• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2006

Objectives and Methods : Using the 2-channel DROS SQUID (Korea Research Institute of Standards of Science, 1999), the present study was carried out to record changes elicited in the auditory cortex by acupuncture stimulus on right TE5 (Waiguan) and GB43 (Xiaxi). Needle-retention stimulation of TE5 and GB43 were done for acquiring the brain activities changed by acupuncture. Acupoint TE5 and GB43 is known to be effective for the treatment of ear-related disease, such as deafness and tinnitus, and to be suspected to be related to the auditory cortex. Auditory evoked magnetic fields were recorded hem the left hemisphere of five subjects, in response to contralateral ear stimulation by irregularly spaced 170 msec long 1kHz tone busts (Korea Research Institute of Standards of Science) Results and Conclusions : The result as follows. The latency and amplitude of SQUID MEG responses at the human auditory cortex changed by needle-retention condition on TE5 were 4msec and 9.2 fT, respectively, which were slower and smaller than those of no-acupuncture condition. The latency and amplitude of SQUID MEG responses at the human auditory cortex changed by needle-retention condition on GB43 were 7.2 msec and 1.6 fT, respectively, which were slower and larger than those of no-acupuncture condition. The latency of SQUID MEG responses at the human auditory cortex changed by needle-retention condition on GB43 condition was slower than that of TE5 acupuncture condition.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1032-1038
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• 2005

Using the 2-channel DROS SQUID (Korea Research Institute of Standards of Science, 1999), the present study was carried out to record changes elicited in the auditory cortex by acupuncture stimulus (right GB43, Xiaxi). Needle-retention and manual needle-twitching stimulation of GB43 and SP1 were done for acquiring the brain activities changed by acupuncture. Acupoint GB43 is known to be effective for the treatment of ear-related disease, such as deafness and tinnitus, and to be suspected to be related to the auditory cortex. Auditory evoked magnetic fields were recorded from the left hemisphere of five or four subjects, in response to contralateral ear stimulation by irregularly spaced 170msec long 1kHz tone busts (Korea Research Institute of Standards of Science). The result as follows The latency and amplitude of SQUID MEG responses at the human auditory cortex changed by needle-retention condition on GB43 were 7.2msec and 1.617, respectively, which were slower and larger than those of no-acupuncture condition. The amplitude of SQUID MEG responses at the human auditory cortex changed by needle-twitching condition on GB43 was 13.517, which was larger than that of no-acupuncture condition. The change in SP1 following GB43 needle-twitching condition were not observed in latency. The amplitude changed by needle-twitching condition on SP1 was 12.2fT, which was not significant. These results suggested that auditory cortex can be affected by acupuncture stimulus, though not specific or significant because of small number of subjects.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2015

The current study investigates whether Korean-speaking adults show differential sensitivities to the sources of auditory stimuli (L1 Korean and L2 English) in utilizing VOT and f0 in the perceptual mode of L2 stops, and how the L2 proficiency interacts with the learners' low-level phonetic sensitivities in L2 perceptual mode. 48 Korean learners of English participated in the perception experiments where they rated the goodness of English /t/ and /d/ using an analogue scale. Two sets of stimuli (English and Korean sources) were prepared by manipulating VOT (6-steps) and f0 (5-steps) values of productions by an English male (L2 source condition) and a Korean male (L1 source condition). Findings showed that, in judging /t/-likeness, the listeners responded differently to the two auditory stimulus conditions by relying on VOT significantly more in English source condition than in Korean source condition. The listeners' English proficiency did not interact with these differential sensitivities to the auditory stimulus source either along the VOT dimension or the f0 dimension. The results of the current study suggest that low-level contextual information of the auditory source can affect the learners in faithfully being in the L2 perceptual mode.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2007

In situations of spatio-temporal perception about visuo-auditory stimulus, researches propose optimal integration hypothesis that perceptual process is optimized to the interaction of the senses for the precision of perception. So, when the visual information considered generally dominant over any other sense is ambiguous, the information of the other sense like auditory stimulus influences the perceptual process in interaction with visual information. Thus, we performed two different experiments to certain the conditions of the interacting senses and influence of the condition. We consider the interaction of the visuo-auditory stimulation in the free space, the color of visual stimulus and sex difference of testee with normal people. In first experiment, 12 participants were asked to judge the change in the frequency of audio-visual stimulation using a visual flicker and auditory flutter stimulation in the free space. When auditory temporal cues were presented, the change in the frequency of the visual stimulation was associated with a perceived change in the frequency of the auditory stimulation as the results of the previous studies using headphone. In second experiment, 30 male and 30 female were asked to judge the change in the frequency of audio-visual stimulation using a color of visual flicker and auditory flutter stimulation. In the color condition using red and green. Both male and female testees showed same perceptual tendency. male and female testees showed same perceptual tendency however, in case of female, the standard deviation is larger than that of male. This results implies that audio-visual asymmetry effects are influenced by the cues of visual and auditory information, such as the orientation between auditory and visual stimulus, the color of visual stimulus.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2013

■ Objectives The goal of this pilot study is to observe the change of stroke gait by auditory cue training. ■ Methods An intracranial hemorrhage patient was trained for 4 weeks. For the 1^st consecutive 6days(the 1^st week), the patient was trained to walk with auditory cue, what was called auditory cue gait training condition. For the 2^nd consecutive 6days(the 2^nd week), the patient was trained to walk naturally without auditory cue, what was called free gait training condition. For the 3^rd consecutive 6days(the 3^rd week), the patient was trained to walk under auditory cue gait training condition. For the 4^th consecutive 6days(the 4^th week), the patient was trained to walk under free gait training condition. We analyzed the gait using a treadmill gait analysis system 3 hours after the 6^th gait training. ■ Results Auditory cue gait training showed effects on gait parameters, which were increasing walking velocity, step length, stride length, decreasing cadence, step time and stride time. ■ Conclusion Auditory cue gait training improved gait parameters of a stroke patient.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of auditory cues in the form of a metronome on gait initiation (GI) in Parkinson's disease (PD). 2 patients (mean age: 54 yrs) with idiopathic PD participated in the study. All patients (Hoehn and Yahr disability score of 2.0) were tested in the "on" state approximately 1.5 hours following the administration and fully responding to their PD medications. Subjects first initiated walking at self-initiated speeds to determine their cadences. Then, subjects were asked to initiate gait along the walkway while keeping pace with a metronome. The metronome rate (in beats/min) was set at a cadence 85% (slow condition), 100% (normal condition) and 115% (fast condition) of gait for each subject. Subjects were able to increase the speed of GI with faster cadence, but the speed of GI for the slow condition was similar to that of the normal condition. Swing toe-off was 578.3 ms for the fast condition, 709.4 ms for the normal condition and 736.2 ms for the slow condition. Respective times for swing heel-strike were 894.3 ms, 1110.2 ms and 1119.1 ms, and stance toe-off were 1105.4 ms, 1338.5 ms, and 1343.1 ms. Except for stance unloading ground reaction forces were greatest for the fast condition and smallest for the slow condition. It appears that PD patients were able to modulate GRFs and temporal events in response to auditory cues to achieve the peak acceleration force of the swing and stance limb. The findings from this study provided preliminary data, which could be used to investigate how PD patients modulate GRFs and temporal events during GI in response to tasks.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.77-85
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• 1990

본 연구는 청각조건과 입술운동 조건에서 나타나는 최근 및 접미효과가 동일한 기제에 의해 처리된 결과라는 Greene 와 Crowder(1984)의 수정된 PAS모형을 검증하기 위해 시행되었다. 최근 및 접미효과와 상호작용하는 것으로 보이는 음성적 특성을 실험조작하여 청각과 입술운동 조건에서 자음과 모음간에 차별적 회상효과를 보이는지 알아보았다. 이것은 Turner 등(1987)의 주장과 일치하는 결과이다. 한편, 잡음-입술운동 조건과 입술운동 조건의 마지막 계열위치에서 유의미한 회상 차이를 보이지 않았으므로, 잡음은 입술운동 정보에 대한 최근 효과에 영향을 주지 않고, 따라서 청각정보와 입술운동 정보는 다른 기제를 통해 부호화되는 것으로 보인다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2006

Objective : Audio-evoked potential is technique used for measuring brain functions such as memory, attention, and concentration. Although a number of studies on acupuncture for pain, there are few reports on the effect of acupuncture cognitive function. Methods : Fifteen healthy volunteers with no neurological condition took part of the study. $(23.27{\pm}2.09)$. In this study, we examined the changes in auditory P300 by acupuncture stimulation to 'Oegwan' on the left hand. Auditory P300 was recorded before, during and after acupuncture. The amplitude and latency of P300 at Fz, Cz, Pz point were calculated. Results : Auditory P300 amplitude decreased during and after acupuncture, but there was no statistical significance.(P< .05) Auditory P300 latency significantly decreased during and after acupuncture.(P< .05) Conclusions : The decrease of Auditory P300 latency time suggests that acupuncture at Oegwan has some effects on the cognitive function.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제33_34호
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• pp.91-98
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• 1997

Auditory discrimination which represents a very basic and important perceptual skill in children is a necessary condition for effective learning. It is necessary, therefore, to devise a standardized test tool for a reliable assessment of the auditory discrimination ability of children. The Korean Auditory Discrimination Test(KADT) is a tentative test tool that the authors have devised to meet such demand, i.e., to test the auditory discrimination ability of Korean children, both normal and hearing- and speech-impaired, between the ages of 4 and 8. The KADT consists of 40 pairs of words arranged in a systematic manner, of which thirty are 'minimal pairs' of words and the rest homophonous synonyms. The 30 minimal pairs are composed in such a way that major phonological contrasts involving consonants and vowels at initial, medial and final positions are duly represented. The test score will be determined by the number of right responses made by the children. Further attempts will be made to refine and improve KADT in future.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2006

본 연구는 교사와 일반인을 대상으로 그들의 음성과 청각 조건 ( 소음, 음악 )에서의 음성 파라미터들을 비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 교사는 일반인의 음성 보다 높은 주파수 변동률(%)과 진폭 변동률(%)을 보여 정상 음성에 비해 높이와 강도에 변화가 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 청각 조건에 따른 결과를 살펴보면, 교사의 음성 파라미터는 청각 조건이 주어지지 않은 일반 음성에 비해 소음 환경에서 높은 기본 주파수 (Hz)를 나타내었고 소음과 음악 환경간에는 그 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 일반인의 음성 파라미터 청각 조건이 주어지지 않은 일반 음성에 비해 소음 환경에서 높은 기본 주파수를 나타내었으며 음악과 소음 환경간에도 기본 주파수의 차이를 나타내었다.