• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2005

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to find the difference of response to visual or auditory stimulus in Sasang Constitutional groups. 2. Methods Continuous performance test (CPT)-ADS program- was measured in 44 females in 20's. The mean and standard deviation of response time were measured and analysed statically in each group of Sasang Constitution. 3. Results There were significant results in the average of response time. The average of the response time to the auditory stimulus in Soyangin was shorter then that of in Soeumin 4. Conclusions The results suggest that there could be differences in the pattern of response to circumstantial stimulus in Sasang Constitution.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2004

The Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) with a click stimulation in guinea pigs was used to examine the auditory neuro-pathway from the cochlear nucleus to brain. Using multi-channel active electrodes, the 3-dimensional auditory pathway was examined from the cochlea to the inferior colliculus through the brainstem. These results are similar to the well-known neuro-pathway. This study on the multi-channel ABR shows that the positions of the ABR generators move to the central brain and the contralateral pathway. It is generally agreed that the ABR is generated by some structures along the auditory pathway. This study provides some information on the neuro-pathway where the ABR peak is generated.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.260-267
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• 2023

Specialized hearing tests for pets are currently in demand. A brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) test is an objective, non-invasive, and practical electrophysiological method that records electric signals from the peripheral auditory system to the brainstem when an auditory stimulation is provided. In veterinary medicine, sedation or anesthesia is essential for a successful examination. In human medicine, research has established the indications for various sedatives, anesthetics, and drugs according to the depth of anesthesia required. However, in veterinary medicine, there are very few comparative studies on propofol or isoflurane, which are the most common anesthetics used. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the difference in BAER test results between sedation with medetomidine, anesthesia using propofol, and inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane after propofol administration. The test was conducted on four healthy adult dogs. There was no statistically significant difference in latency, interpeak latency, or amplitude between the various drugs. The results suggest that a sedative or anesthetic for the administration of a BAER test can be selected according to the patient's needs.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.414-422
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• 2023

Hearing assessment is critical in dogs and cats. Hearing loss in dogs and cats may be congenital or secondary to a central nervous system disorder or ear disease. The brainstem auditory-evoked response (BAER) test has been developed as an electrophysiological test for auditory function assessment. Modern BAER equipment is based on a computerized system. Thus, auditory function assessment can be performed using this objective, safe, and noninvasive method. No study has yet investigated the interspecies differences between BAER test results of dogs and cats. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the differences in BAER test results between dogs and cats. The test was conducted on four healthy adult dogs and four healthy adult cats. Regarding latency, lower values were obtained for all waveforms above 50 dB in cats compared to dogs. Regarding amplitude, cats showed higher values than dogs at intensities above 50 dB. Through a comparative analysis in this study, it was concluded that the two species had statistically significant differences. The BAER data of dogs cannot be applied to cats, and vice versa.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.295-301
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• 1996

환청을 보이는 정신분열증 환자 27명을 대상으로 환청의 특성(주체, 내용, 환청에 대한 이해, 환청의 심한 정도), 환청에 대한 인지행동반응의 내용 및 그 빈도, good/fair copers와 poor copers의 환청의 특성 및 인지행동반응의 비교, 세가지 변인에 따른 인지행동반응의 차이를 살펴봄으로서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 환청의 주체는 모르는 사람, 내용은 박해적인 것, 감정반응은 부정적인 것과 혼합된 것, 그리고 환청에 대한 이해는 정신역동적인 것이 가장 많았다. 2) 환청에 대한 반응중 가장 많이 사용된 인지반응은 억압, 무시와 같은 건강한 반응이었으며 가장 많이 사용된 행동반응은 생리적 각성을 증가시키는 반응이었다. 3) Good/fair copers 의 특징은 poor copers에 비하여 환청의 정도가 경하고 또 환청에 대한 병식이 있는 사람들이 많다는 것이었으며 인지행동반응에 있어서도 무반응이나 몰두와 같은 건강치 못한 인지반응과 탐닉이나 증상적 행동과 같은 건강치 못한 행동반응은 훨씬 적게, 그리고 생리적 각성을 증가시키는 건강한 행동반응은 훨씬 많이 사용하고 있었다. 4) 세가지 변인 중에서 환청에 대한 병식유무가 인지행동반응의 차이를 결정 짖는 가장 중요한 요인임을 시사 받을 수 있었다. 상기 결과는 환청을 경험하는 정신분열증 환자들이 단순히 피해자로서 수동적으로 머물러 있는 것이 아니라 이질적이고 침투적인 현상을 나름대로 받아들이고 극복하기 위하여 다양한 대응방식을 보이게 되며 이와 같은 대응방식의 형태 및 그 빈도를 결정짖는 중요한 요인이 환청에 대한 이해일 수 있음을 시사해 주고 있다.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2012

선천성 난청으로 태어난 아이를 조기에 진단하여 가능한 빨리 적절한 치료를 해줌으로써 치료 효과를 극대화하고, 이후에 발생되는 사회적 비용을 최소화할 수 있기 때문에 신생아로부터 난청 이상 유무를 객관적으로 판별하는 검사 장비가 필요하다. 대표적인 것으로 청성뇌간반응(auditory brainstem response, ABR) 검사가 있으나 클릭음(click sound)에 대한 반응으로 주파수 특이성이 없고 고주파수 대역에 대한 청력을 주로 반영하는 단점이 있다. 청성지속반응(auditory steady-state response, ASSR) 검사는 주파수 특이도는 좋으나 오진의 가능성이 조금 높다. 이러한 단점을 보완하여 청성뇌간반응 검사와 청성지속반응 검사를 하나의 시스템에서 측정하고, Fsp와 F-test 분석을 통하여 객관적 지표를 보여주는 시스템을 제안하였다. 하드웨어 구성요소를 최소화하고 소프트웨어 역할을 강화하여 추후 하드웨어 수정 없이 소프트웨어의 수정만으로 다양한 검사가 가능하도록 설계하였다. 제안한 시스템의 객관적 평가 기능은 정상인 10명을 대상으로 한 실험을 통하여 검증하였다.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2013

최근, 동물에 대한 객관적 이명 유무 검사인 GPIAS (gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startling) 방법이 보고된바 있으나 동물과 달리 큰 자극음에 의한 놀람 반응 (startling response)을 사람에게서 측정하는 것은 어렵기 때문에, 청성 유발 반응과 같은 뇌파 신호를 측정하는 것이 사람 이명 검사법 연구에 보다 적합하다. 본 연구에서는 GPIAS 방법에서 사용하는 gap prepulse 기반의 소리 자극법을 자유롭게 적용할 수 있으며, 청각 심리학적 현상인 이명과 연관된 대뇌 피질 활동을 반영하는 청성 후기 반응 (auditory late latency response, ALLR) 뇌파를 간편하게 측정할 수 있는 청성 후기 반응 측정 시스템을 구현하였다. 또한, 구현된 시스템을 정상 청력을 가진 8인의 피험자에게 적용하는 실험을 통해 gap prepulse 기반의 소리자극에 의한 청성 후기 반응의 N1-P2 첨두치 크기를 측정하였고, gap prepulse에 의한 N1-P2 억제율 현상을 확인 및 평가하였다. 이를 통해, 구현된 청성 후기 반응 측정 시스템이 향후 gap prepulse 소리 자극법에 기반한 객관적 이명 검사법 연구 및 검증 도구로서 이용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2020

Auditory stimuli are commonly used in various electroencephalogram experiments, also in EEG-based brain-computer interface systems. However, using conventional earphones that blocks the ear canal attenuates or even blocks external environmental sound which might cause loss of crucial information from surroundings. Instead, bone-conductive earphones are able to deliver sound through vibration without blocking the ear canal. To investigate the feasibility of the bone-conductive earphones for auditory-stimuli based experiments, we compared N100 event-related potential features as well the event-related spectral perturbation and inter-trial coherence of auditory steady-state response between conventional and bone-conductive earphones. The results showed no significant differences between bone conduction and conventional earphones regardless of distinct sound pressures. This result shows that bone conductive earphones can be used for auditory experiments when the environmental sound is crucial to the user.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: We aim to explore the effects of residual auditory steady state response (ASSR) on cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes in children lacking auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Subjects and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of child CI recipients lacking ABRs. All ears were divided into two groups: with residual ASSR and without ASSR. For each frequency, the T- and C-levels and the electrical dynamic ranges of postoperative 3-month and 1-year mappings were compared between the groups. To evaluate speech perception, patients who received simultaneous bilateral CIs were divided into two groups: group 1 exhibited responses at all frequencies in both ears; in group 2, at least one ear evidenced no response. The Categories of Auditory Perception (CAP) and Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) scores were compared between the groups. Results: We enrolled 16 patients. At 2 kHz, the postoperative 3-month and 1-year T-levels of patients with residual hearing were lower than those of hearing loss group (p=0.001, p=0.035). In residual hearing group, the ASSR threshold correlated positively with the postoperative 1-year T-level (p=0.012, R²=0.276) and C-level (p=0.002, R²=0.374). Of 10 simultaneous bilateral CI recipients, 5 exhibited ASSRs at all frequencies and the other 5 showed no response at ≥1 frequency. The latter had higher CAP scores at the postoperative 1-year (p=0.018). Conclusions: In children exhibiting hearing loss in ABR testing, residual hearing at 2 kHz ASSR correlated positively with the post-CI T-level. Those with ASSRs at all frequencies had significantly lower CAP scores at the postoperative 1year. CI should not be delayed when marginal residual hearing is evident in ASSR.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: We aim to explore the effects of residual auditory steady state response (ASSR) on cochlear implantation (CI) outcomes in children lacking auditory brainstem responses (ABRs). Subjects and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of child CI recipients lacking ABRs. All ears were divided into two groups: with residual ASSR and without ASSR. For each frequency, the T- and C-levels and the electrical dynamic ranges of postoperative 3-month and 1-year mappings were compared between the groups. To evaluate speech perception, patients who received simultaneous bilateral CIs were divided into two groups: group 1 exhibited responses at all frequencies in both ears; in group 2, at least one ear evidenced no response. The Categories of Auditory Perception (CAP) and Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT-MAIS) scores were compared between the groups. Results: We enrolled 16 patients. At 2 kHz, the postoperative 3-month and 1-year T-levels of patients with residual hearing were lower than those of hearing loss group (p=0.001, p=0.035). In residual hearing group, the ASSR threshold correlated positively with the postoperative 1-year T-level (p=0.012, R²=0.276) and C-level (p=0.002, R²=0.374). Of 10 simultaneous bilateral CI recipients, 5 exhibited ASSRs at all frequencies and the other 5 showed no response at ≥1 frequency. The latter had higher CAP scores at the postoperative 1-year (p=0.018). Conclusions: In children exhibiting hearing loss in ABR testing, residual hearing at 2 kHz ASSR correlated positively with the post-CI T-level. Those with ASSRs at all frequencies had significantly lower CAP scores at the postoperative 1year. CI should not be delayed when marginal residual hearing is evident in ASSR.