• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2009

This study investigates the differences in nasalance across handicap, gender, and vowels and the correlation between nasal energy and oral energy both of which are used to compute nasalance. For this study, 20 hearing-impaired adults and 20 normal hearing adults as a control group were asked to read 7 Korean vowels (/$\alpha$, $\Lambda$, o, u, ɯ, i, $\varepsilon$/). Subjects' readings were recorded by NasalView and analyzed by Praat. Results showed that the hearing impaired group (HL) has a significantly higher nasalance than the normal hearing group(NH), and that there was a significant positive correlation between nasal energy and oral energy. A higher nasalance of the hearing impaired group seems to be due to an improper velopharyngeal control which is caused by lack of a proper auditory feedback.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2014년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.375-376
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• 2014

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2018

Diplophonia is generally defined as the perception of more than one fundamental frequency component in a voice. Its perceptual aspect has traditionally been used to evaluate diplophonia because the perceptions can be easily evaluated, but there are limitations in the validity of the reliability of the intra- and inter-raters, examination situation, and variation of voice sample. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to confirm the reliability and accuracy of auditory perceptual evaluation by comparing non-invasive indirect assessment methods (sound waveform and EGG analysis), and to identify their usefulness with diplophonia. A total of 28 diplophonic voices and 39 non-periodic voices were assessed. Three raters assessed the diplophonia by performing an auditory perception evaluation and identifying the quasi-periodic perturbations of the acoustic waveform and EGG. Among the three discrimination methods, intra- and inter-rater reliability, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio were examined, and the McNemar test was performed to compare the discriminant agreement. The accuracy of the auditory perceptual evaluation (86.57%) was not significantly different from that of sound waveform acoustic (88.06%), but it was significantly different from that of EGG (83.33%). The reading time (6.02 s) for the auditory perceptual evaluation was significantly different from that for sound waveform analysis (30.15 s) and EGG analysis (16.41 s). In the discrimination of diplophonia, auditory perceptual evaluation has sufficient reliability and accuracy as compared to sound waveform and EGG. Since immediate feedback is possible, auditory perceptual evaluation is more convenient. Therefore, it can continue to be used as a tool to discriminate diplophonia in clinical practice.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2022

목적 : 본 연구는 시각, 청각 피드백을 이용한 디지털 페그보드 훈련 프로그램이 뇌졸중 환자의 손 기능과 시·지각에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 연구 대상자는 뇌졸중 환자 22명으로 실험군(시각, 청각 피드백을 이용한 디지털 페그보드 훈련 작업치료 프로그램 및 전통적인 작업치료) 11명과 대조군(전통적인 작업치료) 11명으로 무작위 할당되었다. 실험군은 1회당 30분씩 주 3회 6주간 총 18회의 시각, 청각 피드백을 이용한 디지털 페그보드 훈련 프로그램을 적용하여 치료를 시행하였으며, 1회당 30분씩 주 2회는 12회의 전통적인 작업치료를 받아 총 30회의 치료를 시행 하였다. 대조군은 1회당 30분씩 주 5회, 6주간 총 30회를 작업치료사를 통하여 전통적인 작업치료를 받도록 하였다. 평가는 중재 전, 후로 손 기능을 측정하기 위하여 Nine-hole pegboard test와 뇌졸중상지기능검사(MFT)를 시행하였다. 결과 : 실험군과 대조군 모두 중재 전과 후 Nine-hole pegboard test와 MVPT-3에서 유의한 상승을 보였다 (p<.05). 두 군 간의 비교에서는 실험군이 대조군보다 Nine-hole pegboard test와 MVPT-3결과 변화량 차이에 서 유의한 향상을 보였다(p<.05). 결론 : 본 연구의 결과를 통하여 시각 및 청각 피드백을 이용한 디지털 페그보드 훈련 프로그램이 뇌졸중 환자의 손 기능과 시·지각기능의 향상을 위한 재활 프로그램에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

This study set out to investigate what kind of effects the consistent visual stimuli and verbal and non verbal auditory stimuli have on pain alleviation, as well as to see the influence of joint application of visual and auditory stimuli at the same time on pain alleviation, according to lightness of 50lux and 200lux, ultimately providing basic data in setting up an environment in case of treating pain. The subject were comprised of 30 male and female adults with pain in the neck and back area. The subject were treated in their pain area with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator(TENS) 100HZ for 20 minutes in the research set where each visual, auditory, and joint visual and auditory stimuli was given. For analysis methods, Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire were adopted to see the changes before and after treatment, and the electrocardiogram, systolic and diastolic pressure, number of heart rate and breathing frequence and endorphin were compared and analyzed using the Wilcoxon singed-rank test. And The Kreskal-walllis test was used to compare the two subgroups from each group. Wilcoxon singed-rank test and the Kreskal-walllis test was used to compare the two subgroups from each group. The results were as follows: 1. The group of 50lux and 200lux were compared given varying degrees of visual stimuli. The group of 200lux showed more reduction in pain points, average systolic and diastolic pressure and average endorphin. 2. The group of verbal and non verbal were compared given varying degrees of auditory stimuli. The group of non-verbal showed more reduction in average systolic and diastolic pressure. 3. The group of 200lux+verbal and 200lux+non verbal were compared given varying degrees of joint visual and auditory stimuli. There was found a statistical significance(p<0.05) in endorphin between the two groups, with more endorphin reduction for 200lux+non verbal group. And there was a statistically significant reduction in VAS and McGill before and after the treatment between the two groups.

• 감성과학
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.531-544
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• 2009

HCI 분야에서 사용성은 시스템의 객관적인 사용성에 초점을 둔 것에서 점차 사용자들이 시스템을 사용하면서 느끼는 주관적인 경험을 중시하는 개념으로 확장, 변화하고 있다. 오늘날 대부분의 사람들은 휴대전화를 소지하고 사용한다. 휴대전화와 같이 인간과의 상호작용 빈도가 높은 인터페이스에서 보다 긍정적인 사용자의 주관적 경험을 유발하는 것은 중요하다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 감정을 표현하는 인터페이스가 인간에게 보다 긍정적인 사용자 경험을 유발할 것이라는 가설 하에 감정을 표현하는 인간 목소리를 통해 청각적 피드백을 제공하는 휴대전화 프로토타입(prototype)을 제작한 후, 감정을 표현하기에 적절하지 않은 기계음을 통해 청각피드백을 제공하는 휴대전화 조건과의 비교를 통해 어떠한 조건에서 사용자들이 보다 더 긍정적인 사용자 경험을 느끼는지, 어떠한 조건을 더 선호하는지에 대해 알아보았다. 구체적으로, 참가자들은 4가지 종류의 휴대전화 프로토타입(청각적 피드백이 없는 무음 조건, 사람의 목소리를 통해 청각적 피드백을 제시하는 조건, 기계음을 통해 청각적 피드백을 제시하는 조건, 기계음과 사람의 목소리를 모두 제공하는 혼합음 조건)을 경험한 후, 그에 대한 경험적 사용성(재미, 흥미, 불쾌감), 유희적 측면(HQ) 그리고 선호도를 평정하였다. 결과적으로, 사용자들은 사람의 목소리를 통해 정서를 표현하는 조건의 휴대전화에 대해 청각적 피드백을 제공하지 않는 휴대전화나 기계음을 통해 청각적 피드백을 제시하는 휴대전화와 비교해서 상대적으로 높은 지각적 재미와 유희(HQ)를 느끼는 것으로 드러났다. 하지만 선호도는 다른 조건에 비해 낮은 수준의 평정치를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

• 음성과학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.133-149
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• 2006

This study attempted to compare acoustic parameters, physiological observation and perceptual evaluation values obtained from the treatment and control groups in order to find out which of the self voice feedback therapies was better and which methods to train them were more effective. The experimental group carried out various self voice feedback therapies while the control group did only vocal hygiene. The acoustic measurement and voice manipulation for providing the patients visual, auditory feedback were done by a speech analysis software, Praat. The authors designed vocal hygiene, abdominal respiration and Praat self voice feedback therapies and applied them to 15 patients while applying only one vocal hygiene to 15 of the control group. For the purpose of examining the degree of their voice improvement after the treatment, pre- mid- and final evaluations were made for the two groups at the beginning, the 6th week and immediately after the 8th treatment session. Results of this study were as follows: The treatment group showed much improvement after receiving the voice treatment. In particular, acoustical and physiological indices from the optical endoscopy, pitch variation(Jitter), amplitude variation (Shimmer), maximum phonation time(MPT), and psychoacoustic evaluation showed statistically significant improvements over the control groups.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.940-947
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• 2009

본 연구는 주파수 변조 피드백(FAF) 수준에 따라 말더듬인의 말더듬 빈도와 형태 변화를 밝히고자 하였다. 발달성 말더듬 성인 10명을 대상으로 NAF와 FAF 수준별(+2000, +1000, -1000, -2000) 상황에서 읽기 및 혼자말하기 과업을 통하여 수집한 구어 표본을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 읽기 및 혼자말하기 과제 모두에서 NAF와 FAF 모든 수준 간에 말더듬 빈도의 유의한 차이가 있었으나, FAF 수준 간에는 차이가 없었다. 말더듬 형태는 두 과업 모두 NAF 수준 보다 FAF 수준에서 모든 핵심행동이 감소하였다. 특히 폐쇄가 많이 감소하였고 핵심행동이 주로 반복으로 변화하였다.

• 감성과학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop wearable products with visual and auditory feedback aimed at promoting exercise interest in children. Here we determined the theoretical characteristics of cognitive and motor function development during childhood, empirical characteristics of children's motor functions, and factors that encourage exercise using natural observation and in-depth interview research methods. The questionnaire assessed children's motor ability, intensively trained body parts in sports programs, types of training or classes that improve the motor ability of each muscle group, significantly considered aspects of children's sports programs, and factors that promote children's interest in exercise. Our results suggest that the development of sport programs comprising varied exercise options that enhance body and limb movements are needed for balanced growth. Furthermore, it is very important to provide motivation for regular exercise and appropriate feedback, such as praise and encouragement, to maintain interest in exercise. This study identifies the standards for developing products that peak children's interest in exercise and the basis for a physically and mentally healthy society.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

Push-up plus has been advocated for increasing the activity of the serratus anterior muscle, the most critical scapular stabilizer. However, no previous study has reported the possibility of compensatory motion on the part of the pectoralis major, which could substitute for the action of the serratus anterior during push-up plus. The aim of the current study was to investigate the immediate effect of electromyography (EMG) biofeedback of the pectoralis major muscle on the pectoralis major, upper trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles during push-up plus. Fourteen healthy young subjects voluntarily participated in this study; each subject performed push-up plus from the quadruped position, in two conditions (i.e., with or without visual and auditory biofeedback). Surface EMG was used to measure pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and upper trapezius activity. A paired t-test was used to determine any statistically significant difference between the two conditions. Additionally, effect size was calculated to quantify the magnitude of EMG biofeedback in each muscle. Visual and auditory feedback reduced pectoralis major muscle activity significantly (p=.000) and increased the serratus anterior muscle activity significantly (p=.002), but did not induce a significant difference in upper trapezius muscle activity (p=.881). Thus, it is concluded that the visual and auditory feedback of pectoralis major muscle activity can be used to facilitate serratus anterior muscle activity during push-up plus.