• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.213-219
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• 2023

Purpose: In this study, based on the error augmentation, we performed walking training with increased rhythmic auditory stimulation speed on the affected side (IRAS) and walking training with decreased rhythmic auditory stimulation speed on the unaffected side (DRAS). The purpose of this study was to verify whether motor learning was effective in improving balance ability. Methods: Twenty-eight subjects with chronic stroke were recruited from a rehabilitation center. The subjects were divided into three groups: an IRAS group (10 subjects), a DRAS group (9 subjects), and control group (9 subjects). They received 30minutes of neuro-developmental therapy and walking training for 30minutes, five times a week for three weeks. Static and functional balance ability were measured before and after the training period. Static balance was measured by balancia software. Functional balance was measured by the timed up and go test (TUG) and the berg balance scale (BBS). Results: After the training periods, the IRAS group showed a significant improvement in TUG, BBS, area 95% COP, and weight distribution on the affected side when compared to both the DRAS group and control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is possible to consider error augmentation methods of motor learning if rhythmic auditory stimulation is applied to stroke patients in clinical practice. If the affected side is shorter than the unaffected side, the affected side should be adjusted to the increased rhythmic auditory stimulation speed, which is considered to be an effective intervention to improve balance ability.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2011

Objective : The aim of this study was to provide the method to measure physiologic response using equipments and auditory stimulation, and the physiologic response features of adult psychiatric disorders through a systemic review. Methods : The systemic review was executed using PubMed. The key words for search were "auditory stimulation, auditory startle, electromyograph, skin conductance, heart rate, psychiatric disorder, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, depression". 8 studies were used for data analysis, and all of levels of evidence were level II. The substances of the review were subject(population), auditory stimulation, measure equipments and physiologic response features of psychiatric disorder. Results : 1. The subjects for the studies were anxiety disorder(4) and schizophrenia(4). 2. Auditory stimulation was used in 8 studies and visual stimulation with auditory stimulation was used in 2 studies to induce physiologic response. 3. Every study used electromyograph, and skin conductance was used in 2 studies and heart rate was used in 2 studies with electromyograph to measure physiologic response. 4. The subjects for the studies, schizophrenia and anxiety disorder(PTSD, OCD) have different physiologic response features with the normal control group. Conclusion : All studies used simple tones as an auditory stimulation and electromyograph to measure physiologic response. Psychiatric disorders indicated larger response, shorter and delayed habituation. The objective and systematic study using physiologic measure to investigate the sensory feature of psychologic disorders.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.481-491
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to interpret the evaluation structure of auditory images about streetscapes in urban area on the basis of the semantic view of soundscapes. Using the caption evaluation method. which is a new method, from 2001 to 2005, a total of 45 college students participated in a fieldwork to find out the images of sounds while walking on the main streets of Namwon city. It was able get various data which include elements, features, impressions, and preferences about auditory scene. In Namwon city, the elements of the formation of auditory images are classified into natural sound and artificial sound which include machinery sounds, community sounds. and signal sounds. Also, the features of the auditory scene are classified by kind of sound, behavior, condition, character, relationship of circumference and image. Finally, the impression of auditory scene is classified into three categories, which are the emotions of humans, atmosphere of the streets, and the characteristics of the sound itself. From the relationship between auditory scene and estimation, the elements, features and impressions of auditory scene consist of the items which are positive, neutral, and negative images. Also, it was able to grasp the characteristics of auditory image of place or space through the evaluation model of streetscapes in Namwon city.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.401-407
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• 2013

In parallel with the development of ship equipment, bridge systems have been improved, but marine accidents due to human error have not been reduced. Recently, research in nautical bridge equipment has focused on suitable ergonomic designs in order to reduce these errors due to human factors. In a bridge of a ship, there are numerous auditory signals that deliver important information clearly to the sailors. However, only a few studies have been conducted related to the human recognition of these auditory signals. There are three types of auditory signals: voice alarms, abstract sounds, and auditory icons. This study was conducted in order to design more appropriate auditory icons using a sensibility evaluation method. The auditory icons were rated to have five warning situations (engine failure, fire, steering failure, low power, and collision) using the Semantic Differential Method. It is expected that the results of this study will be used as basic data for auditory displays inside bridges and for integrated bridge alarm systems.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2013

■ Objectives The goal of this pilot study is to observe the change of stroke gait by auditory cue training. ■ Methods An intracranial hemorrhage patient was trained for 4 weeks. For the 1^st consecutive 6days(the 1^st week), the patient was trained to walk with auditory cue, what was called auditory cue gait training condition. For the 2^nd consecutive 6days(the 2^nd week), the patient was trained to walk naturally without auditory cue, what was called free gait training condition. For the 3^rd consecutive 6days(the 3^rd week), the patient was trained to walk under auditory cue gait training condition. For the 4^th consecutive 6days(the 4^th week), the patient was trained to walk under free gait training condition. We analyzed the gait using a treadmill gait analysis system 3 hours after the 6^th gait training. ■ Results Auditory cue gait training showed effects on gait parameters, which were increasing walking velocity, step length, stride length, decreasing cadence, step time and stride time. ■ Conclusion Auditory cue gait training improved gait parameters of a stroke patient.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.11
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• pp.670-682
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• 2020

This research examined the difference in cognitive load and the virtual presence depending on auditory feedback and task difficulty in haptic-based dental simulation. In the field of dental education, practice-centered training using handpiece has been crucial because a practitioner's psychomotor experience has a significant impact on the mastery of treatment skills. For the novice, it is necessary to reduce errors in dental treatment to enhancing skill acquisition in the haptic practice. In the training process, the force-feedback is crucial to elaborate subtle movement to guide what to do and how it should be hard or soft. However, It is not easy to add force-feedback to generate kinetic experience training. As an alternative method, we examined that auditory feedback can help learners' skill training. In this study, we analyzed how the presence/absence of auditory feedback at the different levels of task difficulty impacts learners' psychological demand and virtual presence in the virtual reality simulation. For this study, 29 dental college students participated in a dental simulation. The participants were grouped into two conditions that are with and without auditory feedback. Additionally, two consecutive tooth preparation tasks with different levels of difficulty were used in the simulation. The auditory feedback condition gives alarms to a learner when he treats a non-targeted tooth with a virtual handpiece. The user's cognitive load and virtual presence were measured to examine the effects of auditory feedback. The results revealed that the main effect was found in cognitive loads. Also, a significant interaction effect was shown in the virtual presence. We discussed the effective design methods for the virtual reality-based dental simulation through the result of this study.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to determine whether providing auditory and vestibular stimulation to preform infants would have an effect on stress hormones. Methods: The design was a nonequivalent control group protest-posttest design in a quasi-experimental study Seventy-nine preform infants were assigned either one of two experimental groups or to a control group: 27 in the auditory stimulation group, 25 in the vestibular stimulation group and 27 in the control group. The criteria for inclusion in this study were 1) gestational age of less than 37 weeks, 2) birth weight of less than 2,500g, 3) the absence of congenital anomalies or specific diseases, 4) recovering physiological weight loss, and 5) weaned from ventilatory assistance or oxygen. The data were collected from March 2002 to May 2003. The auditory stimulation, a music audiotape, was provided 20 minutes twice a day for 10 days and the vestibular stimulation, an infant waterbed, was provided for 10 days. On day 1 and day 10 of the study, 24 hour urine sample was collected for norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol assays. In the data analysis SPSSWIN 10.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics, ANOVA and t-test. Results: General characteristics of the three groups showed no significant differences, thus three groups were found to be homogenous. The 24 hour urine cortisol for the auditory (t=3.489, p=.001) and for the vestibular (t=2.638, p=.013) stimulation group were significantly reduced compared to the control group after 10 days. Conclusions: The results suggest that auditory and vestibular stimulation can be used to reduce 24 hour urine cortisol in preform infants. Therefore, music audiotapes and waterbeds provided in incubator are be recommended for reduction of the stress in preform infants who are hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.259-268
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• 2015

People with auditory processing disorders(APD) do not exactly understand what they hear with normal hearing levels because of difficulties in the processing of auditory information in auditory nervous system. The purposes of this study are to investigate intervention strategies suggested by current literatures and to develop a guide map for APD intervention. The problem based intervention strategies are customized to the specific deficits of a subtype of Buffalo model and Bellis/Ferre model and general intervention strategies are recommended with compensatory strategy, auditory training, environmental modification and so on. Multidisciplinary team should determine and provide various intervention strategies to improve auditory capabilities of a child with APD intensively and persistently. APD intervention guide map is organized with four steps. It helps clinicians and teachers related with the intervention of APD find appropriate intervention strategies and process in order to reduce difficulties of a child with APD and a suspected APD.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2006

As is commonly said, music is 'language of emotions.' It is because sound is a plentiful modality to communicate the human sensibility information. However, most researches of auditory displays were focused on improving efficiency on user's performance data such as performance time and accuracy. Recently, many of researchers in auditory displays acknowledge that individual preference and sensible satisfaction may be a more important factor than the performance data. On this ground, in the present study we constructed the sound sensibility dimensions ('Pleasure', 'Complexity', and 'Activity') and systematically examined the attributes of sound on the sensibility dimensions and analyzed the meanings. As a result, sound sensibility dimensions depended on each sound attributes , and some sound attributes interact with one another. Consequently, the results of the present study will provide the useful possibilities of applying the affective influence in the field of auditory displays needing the applications of the sensibility information according to the sound attributes.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1381-1388
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• 2013

In order to improve the availability of underwater sound by the fundamental data on the hearing ability, the auditory thresholds for the bambooleaf wrasse pseudolabrus japonicus were determined at 80Hz, 100Hz, 200Hz, 300Hz, 500Hz and 800Hz by heartbeat conditioning method using pure tones coupled with a delayed electric shock. The audible range of the bambooleaf wrasse extended from 80Hz to 800Hz with the best sensitivity around 100Hz and 200Hz. In addition, the auditory thresholds over 300Hz increased rapidly. The mean auditory thresholds of the bambooleaf wrasse at the test frequencies, 80Hz, 100Hz, 200Hz, 300Hz, 500Hz and 800Hz were 100dB, 95.1dB, 94.8dB, 109dB, 121dB and 125dB, respectively. Auditory critical ratios for the bambooleaf wrasse were measured using masking stimuli with the spectrum level range of about 70, 74, 78dB (0dB re $1{\mu}Pa/\sqrt{Hz}$). According to white noise level, the auditory thresholds increased as compared with thresholds in a quiet background noise. The Auditory masking by the white noise spectrum level was stared over about 60dB within 80~300Hz. Critical ratios to be measured at frequencies from 80Hz to 300Hz were minimum 33dB and maximum 39dB.