• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2019

This study examines whether auditors restrain the analysts' opportunistic behavior as reviewing the companies' interim reports. Analysts' forecasts show a walkdown pattern in which their optimism has decreased as the earnings announcement date has approached. At the beginning of the year, there is a lack of high-quality benchmark information that enables information users to judge the accuracy of analyst's earnings forecasts. Thus, early in the year, analysts are highly inspired to disseminate optimistic forecasts in order to gain manager's favor. In this study, we examine adequate benchmarks prevent analysts from disclosing optimistically biased forecasts. We conjecture that auditors' efforts might mitigate analysts' walkdown pattern. To test this hypothesis, we use data from Korea, where it is mandatory to disclose auditor's review hours. We find that the analyst forecast's walkdown decreases with the ratio as well as the number of audit hours. It implies that an auditor's effort in reviewing interim financial information has a monitoring function that reduces analysts' opportunistic optimism at the beginning of the year. We conjecture that the tendency will be more pronounced when BIG4 auditors review the interim reports. Consistent with the prediction, BIG4 auditors' interim review effort is more effective in suppressing the analysts' walkdown.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.391-402
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• 2021

This study aims to analyze the impact of the company's financial performance in mediating the relationship between Intellectual Capital and GCG on Corporate Value in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Also, this study analyzes the direct effect of intellectual capital and GCG on corporate value and the indirect effect through the company's financial performance. This study develops research of Chen et al. (2005) and measures Intellectual Capital with VAIC (Pulic, 1998). VAIC model is more accurate to measure Intellectual Capital because it can show potential intellectual use efficiently. The data used are banking companies listed on the IDX in 2014-2016 with purposive sampling technique and Data Analysis Technique used are path analysis. The results showed that the financial performance of banking companies was proven to mediate the relationship between intellectual capital and GCG. The role of GCG that can improve financial performance and corporate value is only GCG as measured by the ratio of independent commissioners and audit quality. Meanwhile, the financial performance and corporate value audited by the Big 4 will be greater than the financial performance and corporate value of the banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange that are not audited by the Big 4.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.594-605
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• 2023

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the Asia-Pacific region, and mortality rates differ between countries in the region. Systems of care have been shown to play a major role in determining AMI outcomes, and this review aims to highlight pre-hospital and in-hospital system deficiencies and suggest possible improvements to enhance quality of care, focusing on Korea, Japan, Singapore and Malaysia as representative countries. Time to first medical contact can be shortened by improving patient awareness of AMI symptoms and the need to activate emergency medical services (EMS), as well as by developing robust, well-coordinated and centralized EMS systems. Additionally, performing and transmitting pre-hospital electrocardiograms, algorithmically identifying patients with high risk AMI and developing hospital networks that appropriately divert such patients to percutaneous coronary intervention-capable hospitals have been shown to be beneficial. Within the hospital environment, developing and following clinical practice guidelines ensures that treatment plans can be standardised, whilst integrated care pathways can aid in coordinating care within the healthcare institution and can guide care even after discharge. Prescription of guideline directed medical therapy for secondary prevention and patient compliance to medications can be further optimised. Finally, the authors advocate for the establishment of more regional, national and international AMI registries for the formal collection of data to facilitate audit and clinical improvement.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2024

Purpose: While there has been extensive research on discretionary accruals (hereafter, 'DA') and accounting conservatism, interpretations have varied among researchers depending on how discretionary accruals are determined as proxies. This study investigates the relationship between discretionary accruals (DA) and accounting conservatism, focusing on the distinctions between signed DA and absolute DA. Research design, data and methodology: Using financial data from companies listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets from 2010 to 2020, we employ regression analysis to explore how signed and absolute DA impact accounting conservatism. This approach allows us to parse out the effects of positive versus negative discretionary accruals systematically. Results: Our findings indicate a divergent impact of DA on accounting conservatism. Specifically, in cases of negative DA, an increase in DA corresponds with heightened accounting conservatism. Conversely, when DA is positive, increases in DA do not exhibit a significant relationship with changes in accounting conservatism. These effects suggest that the nature of DA-whether it represents upward or downward earnings adjustments-critically influences its relationship with conservatism. Conclusions: The results elucidate the nuanced role of discretionary accruals in influencing accounting conservatism. The decrease in accounting conservatism associated with absolute increases in DA appears primarily driven by groups with downward earnings adjustments. This suggests that as negative DA diminishes toward zero, accounting conservatism intensifies, whereas positive DA does not have a parallel effect.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.515-525
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• 2007

In this study, various techniques for measurement and analysis of PAHs in the ambient air were verified in order to select a more reliable method. Sampling and analysis of PAHs were done by the EPA TO-13a method. QA/QC of the measurement was conducted to minimize errors in sampling and analyzing processes. The linearity of calibration curve of the PAH standards was good ($R^2{\geq}0.99$). Audit accuracy was evaluated using 5 internal standards of PAHs ($Naphthalene-d_8,\;Acenaphthene-d_{10},\;Phenanthrene-d_{10},\;Chrysene-d_{12},\;Perylene-d_{12}$). Relative standard deviations of the internal standard of the PAHs were ranged from 6.22% for $acenaphthene-d_{10}$ to 8.11% for $chrysene-d_{12}$. To evaluate the surrogate recoveries, two field surrogate standards of PAHs ($fluoranthene-d_{10},\;benzo(a)pyrene-d_{12}$) and two extract surrogate standards of the PAHs ($fluorene-d_{10},\;pyrene-d_{12}$) were spiked into all samples before field sampling and sample extraction, respectively. Recoveries of field the surrogate standards ranged from $80.4{\pm}12.2%$ for $fluoranthene-d_{10}$ to $66.2{\pm}12.8%$ for $benzo(a)pyrene-d_{12}$. Extraction recoveries of the surrogate standards ranged from $70.4{\pm}10.2%$ for $fluorene-d_{10}$ to $77.6{\pm}10.8%$ for $pyrene-d_{10}$. The detection limit of benzo(a)pyrene among 16 PAHs standards for quantitation was 20 pg.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.57-80
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• 2004

Resort Hotel Rate System was first introduced as an official guideline after Tourism Promotion Act, which enables the secretary of transportation to rate resort hotel by its facility and accommodation, was enacted on January 18, 1971. And the system was modified time to time to what we currently have after numerous revisions. However, the system has made a slow progress compare to the other countries system and have shown many potential problems that need to be improved. There is a problem that it is not even clear whether the act is as effective to apply it to rate any resort hotel in reality. The hotel rate system was first introduced in 1970's and changed ever since, and it also changed the private organizations to audit the decision. However, unlike the hotels in other countries, our hotel rating system is not focus on the customer's service and informations. It focus on the hotel's quality so that cause the problem whether the hotel is for customer or not In other different countries, they have some specific standard for evaluation of customer service based on customers' reference or needs. However, there is no evaluation part concerning on customer service in Korea. Also, even the hotel rating system is not based on the hotel waitress or waiter's service part. It means the system is almost focus on the hotel's qualities. Therefore, customer who needs hotel service, can not trust whether they can choose the hotels which gives the right informations and good quality services. Although hotel's physical layout is important, the service part is also important for evaluating the hotel entirely. There are a lot of things to develop and to be changed in order to develop tourism industry in the process of decision about Hotel's level in Korea Thus, this research will summarize some problems which are revised through the former research of hotel's level. And it will compare the system of hotel's level between Korea and developed countries in hotel industry Additionally, I will show current tourism industry in Korea. Finally, I suggest the improvement proposal for the level system of hotel in Korea and process of this system in the future.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2016년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.313-316
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• 2016

현재 국가기간산업과 중요한 민간 기업의 정보시스템 장애나 사고발생 시 국가 차원의 혼란이 발생할 개연성이 높고, 국민편익에 큰 영향을 줄뿐 아니라 기업 비즈니스에도 막대한 타격이 불가피하다. 이는 국가적 관리대상인 정보시스템의 안정성이 금융, 통신, 운송, 에너지 등 국민과 사회에 큰 영향을 미치고 민간기관으로 확대되는 추세이다. 그러나 공공 및 민간 정보화 사업은 개발감리나 CMM(Capability Maturity Model)인증을 통해 목표시스템의 품질을 점검하고 있지만 구축 후 운영되는 정보시스템의 안정성에 대한 품질점검은 추진되지 않거나 일부 안전진단 결과에 대한 충족 미흡으로 활성화 되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 구축 되어지는 정보시스템의 안정성 진단 평가점검체계 개발을 통해 정보시스템의 장애나 사고를 방지함으로써, 서비스 혼란을 최소화하고 고객지향적인 서비스 제공을 보장 할 수 있는 방안을 연구 하고자 한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2023

Objectives: Although it is difficult to define the quality of stroke care, acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with moderate-to-severe neurological deficits may benefit from thrombectomy-capable hospitals (TCHs) that have a stroke unit, stroke specialists, and a substantial endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) case volume. Methods: From national audit data collected between 2013 and 2016, potential EVT candidates arriving within 24 hours with a baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥6 were identified. Hospitals were classified as TCHs (≥15 EVT case/y, stroke unit, and stroke specialists), primary stroke hospitals (PSHs) without EVT (PSHs-without-EVT, 0 case/y), and PSHs-with-EVT. Thirty-day and 1-year case-fatality rates (CFRs) were analyzed using random intercept multilevel logistic regression. Results: Out of 35 004 AIS patients, 7954 (22.7%) EVT candidates were included in this study. The average 30-day CFR was 16.3% in PSHs-without-EVT, 14.8% in PSHs-with-EVT, and 11.0% in TCHs. The average 1-year CFR was 37.5% in PSHs-without-EVT, 31.3% in PSHs-with-EVT, and 26.2% in TCHs. In TCHs, a significant reduction was not found in the 30-day CFR (odds ratio [OR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76 to 1.12), but was found in the 1-year CFR (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.96). Conclusions: The 1-year CFR was significantly reduced when EVT candidates were treated at TCHs. TCHs are not defined based solely on the number of EVTs, but also based on the presence of a stroke unit and stroke specialists. This supports the need for TCH certification in Korea and suggests that annual EVT case volume could be used to qualify TCHs.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-62
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• 2010

본 연구는 시장효율성을 증대시키는 재무분석가의 이익예측 의사결정에 기업지배구조에서 중추적 역할을 하고 있는 소유구조가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석기간은 2000년부터 2006년까지이며 표본은 증권거래소에 상장된 기업들로 재무분석가의 이익예측치가 존재하는 12월말 결산법인으로 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대주주지분율이 높은 기업은 질 낮은 회계이익을 바탕으로 재무분석가가 낙관적인 이익 예측을 하여 이익예측오차는 크나 대주주와의 우호관계를 통해 기업의 사적정보를 입수할 가능성이 있기 때문에 정확성이 높은 것으로 보인다. 기관투자자지분율이 높은 기업은 질 높은 회계이익을 바탕으로 재무분석가가 신중한 이익예측을 하여 이익예측오차는 감소하나 정확성은 높지 않은 것으로 보인다. 한편, 이러한 결과들은 재무분석가의 이익예측이 낙관적인 집단에 기인하며, 정확성은 상대적으로 떨어지는 집단에 기인하였다. 둘째, 소유구조와 재무분석가의 이익예측간의 관련성에 기업지배구조관련변수들의 영향력을 추가로 살펴보았다. 분석결과, 약간의(marginal) 의미만을 지니며 소유구조 전반으로 일반화하기에는 무리가 있었다. 추후 재무분석가들이 이미 선행연구들에서 밝혀진 기업경영의 투명성에 지대한 공헌을 한 지배구조 변수들을 의사결정 시에 반영하면 이러한 결과들이 더 뚜렷해 질 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 상기의 결과들에도 불구하고 다음과 같은 한계점을 지니고 있다. 재무분석가의 이익예측정확성 차이를 구분함에 있어서 이익예측치의 중위수를 기준으로 높고 낮음을 판단하였다. 이러한 구분은 자의적인 방법이므로 추후 개선된 방법이 필요할 것이다. 그리고 재무분석가들의 이익예측치 발표시점에 대하여 독립변수들을 시장상황에 맞게 대응시키지 못하였다. 마지막으로 소유구조가 재무분석가의 이익예측에 미치는 직접적인 영향과 간접적인 영향을 명확히 구분하지 못하였다. 추후 자본시장의 효율성 증대를 위해 재무분석가가 더 많은 기업에 대해 정보를 제시해야 하며 그들의 제공된 정보가 시장효율성을 왜곡시키지 않도록 많은 견제와 감시제도가 존재해야 할 것이다.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제10D권4호
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• pp.727-734
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• 2003

최근 소프트웨어 산업계에서는 소프트웨어의 품질향상을 위해 다양한 품질보증활동을 수행하고 있다. 이 활동들의 궁극적인 목적은 개발 소프트웨어의 결함을 줄이기 위한 것이다. 국내 S사는 "결함 있는 제품은 고객에게 납품하지 않는다"는 모토를 내걸고 이의 실천운동으로 1999년 3월에 "ZERO DEFECT 21" 운동을 시작하였다. 본 논문에서는 "ZERO DEFECT 21" 운동의 활동방법 및 활동성과에 대해 소개하였다. "ZERO DEFECT 21" 운동은 사내감리 및 소프트웨어 제품검사로 수행되었다. 그 결과, 사내감리를 통해서 22건의 고객 클레임을 예방할 수 있었으며, 설계산출물의 품질을 11.7% 개선시킬 수 있었다. 또한, 산출물 재사용 측면에서는 23.3%가 개선되었다. 개발 및 테스트 단계에서의 주기적인 샘플링 검사 및 종료단계에서의 제품 출하검사로 이루어진 소프트웨어 제품검사를 통해서는 결함률을 개발 및 테스트단계에서 123%, 종료단계 에서는 무려 247%의 개선 효과를 거두었다. 사내설문조사에 의하면 "ZERO DEFECT 21" 운동을 통해서 프로젝트팀은 품질에 대한 자신감을 갖게 되었고, 그 결과 국내 S사에 대한 고객의 신뢰도도 상당히 개선되었던 것으로 조사되었다. 되었고, 그 결과 국내 S사에 대한 고객의 신뢰도도 상당히 개선되었던 것으로 조사되었다.