• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.25-33
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• 2010

Multi-media service has been changed into user based audio services, which service supports actively user's preference and interaction with the users. In the market, multi-media products which can support the highest audio-quality by using lossless audio technology have been released and object audio music which user can select the objects has been serviced. In this paper, we design user's preference information based object audio file format and audio scene description for storage and transmission media. The designed file format is designed based on MPEG-4 file format because high-quality audio codecs in MPEG-4 audio can be easily used and the track of file format can be flexibly controlled depend on the number of the instrument in music. The encoded audio data of each objects and encoded audio scene description by binary encoding that has independent track are packed in a file. The scene description for storage media is consist of full and object scene description, the scene description for transmission media has an essential description for object audio operation and a specific description for real audio sound. The designed file format based simulator is developed and it generates an object audio file with several scene descriptions. Also, the real audio sound is serviced by the interaction with user and the unpacked scene description.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1103-1109
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• 2023

Today, as the number of audio files submitted as legal evidence increases with the proliferation of smartphones, the integrity of audio files has become an important issue. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to explore whether the metadata and file structure of audio files recorded on Samsung smartphones can be manipulated to be identical to the original. This study was based on Samsung smartphones, the most widely used in Korea, and conducted experiments on the built-in voice recording app and the 'Easy Voice Recorder' app, which is the most popular recording app. Through the experiments of this study, it was proven that the metadata and file structure of audio files can be manipulated. Therefore, this study reveals that metadata and file structure analysis have limitations in proving the integrity when audio files are analyzed for adoption as legal evidence. They also argue for the need to develop new voice file forgery technology that does not rely on metadata and file structure analysis.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.525-537
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• 2016

Data hiding is a wide field that is helpful to secure network communications. It is common that many data hiding researchers consider improving and increasing many aspects such as capacity, stego file quality, or robustness. In this paper, we use an audio file as a cover and propose a reversible steganographic method that is modifying the sample values using modulus function in order to make the reminder of that particular value to be same as the secret bit that is needed to be embedded. In addition, we use a location map that locates these modified sample values. This is because in reversible data hiding it needs to exactly recover both the secret message and the original audio file from that stego file. The experimental results show that, this method (measured by correlation algorithm) is able to retrieve exactly the same secret message and audio file. Moreover, it has made a significant improvement in terms of the following: the capacity since each sample value is carrying a secret bit. The quality measured by peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), and Similarity Index Modulation (SIM). All of them have proven that the quality of the stego audio is relatively high.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.34
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• pp.27-32
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• 2014

Infrared remote controllers are widely used in controlling electronic devices due to its simplicity and convenience. This paper presents a smart phone application unifying any infrared remote controllers. We can select a device from device list menu of the application. Any new device can be added easily by downloading the protocol file of the device from protocol file server. Remote controller protocol files are stored in audio file format, and the file related to a specific menu button is transmitted through the audio jack of smart phones. The protocol file server is a standard file server, and protocol files for various devices are collected by infrared receiver module. For smart phones without infrared facility, a small infrared module translating audio signal to infrared signal is applied.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.5 s.43
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• pp.69-74
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• 2006

The recent development of multimedia content-based retrieval technologies brings great attention of musician retrieval using features of a digital audio data among music information retrieval technologies. But the indexing techniques for music databases have not been studied completely. In this paper, we present a musician retrieval technique for audio features using the space split methods in the time-series pattern index file. We use features of audio to retrieve the musician and a time-series pattern index file to search the candidate musicians. Experimental results show that the time-series pattern index file using the rotational split method is efficient for musician retrievals in the time-series pattern files.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.427-442
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• 2022

MP3 is one of the most widely used file formats for encoding and representing audio data. One of the reasons for this popularity is their significant ability to reduce audio file sizes in comparison to other encoding techniques. Additionally, other reasons also include ease of implementation, its availability and good technical support. Steganography is the art of shielding the communication between two parties from the eyes of attackers. In steganography, a secret message in the form of a copyright mark, concealed communication, or serial number can be embedded in an innocuous file (e.g., computer code, video film, or audio recording), making it impossible for the wrong party to access the hidden message during the exchange of data. This paper describes a new steganography algorithm for encoding secret messages in MP3 audio files using an improved least significant bit (LSB) technique with high embedding capacity. Test results obtained shows that the efficiency of this technique is higher compared to other LSB techniques.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.289-295
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• 2006

The Musical Slide Show MAF, which currently being standardized by MPEG, conveys the concept of combining several established standard technologies in a single file format. It defines the format of packing up MP3 audio data, along with MPEG-7 Simple Metadata Profile and MPEG-21 Digital Item Declaration metadata; with JPEC images and optional text, and synchronizes them all together to create a slideshow of JPEC image data associated to MP3 audio data during the audio playback. The implementation of Musical Slide Show MAF can be a music karaoke file where users can sing along while listening to the music, view the JPEG slideshow and reading the lyrics; or a story-telling file where users can listen to the narrated story by looking at the related illustration slideshow of the story In this paper we present the tool to producing the Musical Slide Show MAF contents. Regardless the knowledge of user on the MAF file format, the authoring tool simplify the manner of packaging several multimedia contents into single file.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.807-812
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• 2022

Recently, as the number of voice recording files submitted as court evidence increases, the number of cases claiming forgery is also increasing. If the audio recording file structure and metadata, which are objective grounds, are completely forged, it is actually impossible to detect forgery of the sophisticated audio recording file. It is extremely rare for the court to reject the file structure and metadata analysis performed with the forged audio recording file. The purpose of this study is to prove that forgery of voice recording file structure and metadata is easily possible. To this end, in this study, it was introduced that forgery detection is impossible when the 'mixed paste' function, which enables sophisticated editing based on the typification of the editing method of voice recording files, is applied. Moreover, it has been proven through experiments that forgery of file structure and metadata is possible. Therefore, a stricter standard for judging the admissibility of evidence is required when the audio recording file is adopted as digital evidence. This study will not only contribute to the standard of integrity in the adoption of digital evidence by judges, but will also contribute to the method of constructing a dataset for artificial intelligence in detecting forgery of recorded files that is expected to be developed in the future.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.271-278
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose a content-based audio genre classification algorithm that automatically classifies the query audio into five genres such as Classic, Hiphop, Jazz, Rock, Speech using digital sign processing approach. From the 20 seconds query audio file, the audio signal is segmented into 23ms frame with non-overlapped hamming window and 54 dimensional feature vectors, including Spectral Centroid, Rolloff, Flux, LPC, MFCC, is extracted from each query audio. For the classification algorithm, k-NN, Gaussian, GMM classifier is used. In order to choose optimum features from the 54 dimension feature vectors, SFS(Sequential Forward Selection) method is applied to draw 10 dimension optimum features and these are used for the genre classification algorithm. From the experimental result, we can verify the superior performance of the proposed method that provides near 90% success rate for the genre classification which means 10%∼20% improvements over the previous methods. For the case of actual user system environment, feature vector is extracted from the random interval of the query audio and it shows overall 80% success rate except extreme cases of beginning and ending portion of the query audio file.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.1228-1236
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• 2019

Recently, media platforms such as YouTube and Twitch provide services that can generate personal revenue by utilizing media content produced by individuals. In this regard, interest in the copyright of media content is increasing. In particular, in the case of an audio source, competition for securing audio source copyright is fierce because it is an essential element for almost all media content production. In this paper, we propose a method to store the audio source and its signature using a blockchain and distributed storage system to verify the copyright of music content. To identify the possibility of extracting the audio signature of the audio source and to include it as blockchain transaction data, we implement the audio source and its signature file upload system based on the proposed scheme. In addition, we show the effectiveness of the proposed method through experiments on uploading and retrieving audio files and identify future improvements.