• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

Recently, Audio systems transform the configuration of conventional sound reinforcement and public address systems using audio over internet protocol (AoIP), whereby audio signals are transmitted and received based on internet protocol (IP). Currently, AoIP technologies are leading the audio market, and various technologies have been released. Audio networks and the control hierarchy over peer-to-peer (Anchor) technology based on AoIP transmit and receive audio signals over a wide bandwidth without an audio mixer. Audio system based on Anchor technology is constructed by connecting the on-site audio center (OAC), a device that can transmit and receive audio sources and output equipment over IP. Receiving OAC of the Anchor technology can receive and mix audio signals transmitted from different IPs; consequently, novel audio systems can be configured by replacing conventional audio mixers. However, the Anchor technology does not have an equalizer function for improving the quality of audio equipment. Therefore, tone distortion may occur owing to signal loss between equipment, poor audio-signal clarity, and howling due to audio deformation according to different architectural structures and environments. In this study, we implemented an audio effect device capable of tone control using the Audio Processor Core. Using Anchor technology, tone control was realized through an audio effect device in the receiving OAC. The output of the incoming OAC was received by the audio effect device, which adjusted the tone and then outputted it. Thus, the tone issues in Anchor technology were overcome by the receiving OAC and audio effect devices. In future, audio system configurations using Anchor technology could be the standard for audio equipment.

• Journal of Web Engineering
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.497-522
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• 2021

Audio event classification refers to the detection and classification of non-verbal signals, such as dog and horn sounds included in audio data, by a computer. Recently, deep neural network technology has been applied to audio event classification, exhibiting higher performance when compared to existing models. Among them, a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based training method that receives audio in the form of a spectrogram, which is a two-dimensional image, has been widely used. However, audio event classification has poor performance on test data when it is recorded by a device (unknown device) different from that used to record training data (known device). This is because the frequency range emphasized is different for each device used during recording, and the shapes of the resulting spectrograms generated by known devices and those generated by unknown devices differ. In this study, to improve the performance of the event classification system, a CNN based on the log mel-spectrogram separation technique was applied to the event classification system, and the performance of unknown devices was evaluated. The system can classify 16 types of audio signals. It receives audio data at 0.4-s length, and measures the accuracy of test data generated from unknown devices with a model trained via training data generated from known devices. The experiment showed that the performance compared to the baseline exhibited a relative improvement of up to 37.33%, from 63.63% to 73.33% based on Google Pixel, and from 47.42% to 65.12% based on the LG V50.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2003년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집 Ⅳ
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• pp.2148-2151
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• 2003

In this paper, we present our experiences in designing and implementing a CX23880 based multichannel video/audio capture device. We try to clarify differences between CX2388x family and 878A, the previous version of Cx2388x, and what one needs to be careful about in developing device drivers for CX2388x based video/audio devices. Our work is expected to help one who will need to develop Cx2388x based video/audio device later.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The recent development of information and communication technology is also affecting audio/video systems used in industry. The audio/video device configuration system changes from analog to digital, and the network-based audio/video system control has the advantage of reducing costs in accordance with system operation. However, audio/video systems released on the market have limitations in that they can only control their own products or can only be performed on specific platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux). This paper is a study on a device (Network Audio Video Integrated Control: NAVICS) that can integrate and control multiple audio / video devices with different functions, and can control digitalized audio / video devices through network and serial communication. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that individual control and integrated control were possible through the protocol provided by each audio/video device by NAVICS, and that even non-experts could easily control the audio/video system. In the future, it is expected that network-based audio/video integrated control technology will become the technical standard for complex audio/video system control.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.327-335
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• 2023

Background: Pain control is a crucial aspect of pediatric dentistry for patient management. Thermo-mechanical devices (Buzzy^TM Pain Care Labs, USA) work on the concept of vibration and cooling and have shown promising results in pain control during local anesthesia in pediatric dentistry. On the other hand, audio distraction has also been used for pain management. The amount of pain endured is determined by the patient's perception and attentiveness. Thus, if audio function is added to the thermomechanical device it might increase its efficiency. Hence, the present study aimed to compare pain on injection using a thermo-mechanical device with and without audio during inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injection in children aged 5-10 years old. Methods: Twenty-eight children aged between 5 and 10 indicated for IANB were included in this randomized study. Children who were undergoing the dental procedure were divided into 2 groups, with 14 children in each group. The study group was the thermo-mechanical device with audio distraction; the control group was the thermo-mechanical device without audio distraction. IANB was administered. Subjective pain evaluation was performed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPR) and objective pain evaluation was done using the Faces, Leg, Activity, Consolability, Cry (FLACC) scale. Results: The outcome depicted a significant reduction in pain on injection for both objective and subjective evaluations in the thermo-mechanical device with an audio distraction group. Conclusions: Less pain on injection was observed, when a thermo-mechanical device was used with audio distraction for IANB procedures.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

Recently, there are serviced user customized advertisement of various type using smart device. Representative services are advertisement service using light of smart TV screen or audible sound of smart TV to transmit advertisement information. However, those services have to do a specific action of smart device user for advertisement information or need audible audio information of TV contents. To overcome those weakness, therefore, we propose an advertisement method using inaudible sound of speaker based on smart device. This method supports the transfer of advertising content to the smart device user with no additional action or TV audio signal required to access that content. The proposed method used two high frequencies among 18kHz ~ 22kHz of audible frequency range which smart TV can send out. And it generates those frequencies synthesized with audio of TV contents as trigger signal which can send advertisements to smart device. Next, smart device analysis the trigger signal and request advertisement contents related to the signal to server. After then, smart device can show the downloaded contents to user. Because the proposed method uses the high frequencies of sound signals via the inner speaker of the smart device, its main advantage is that it does not affect the audio signal of TV content. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method, we developed an application to implement it and subsequently carried out an advertisement transmission experiment. The success rate of the transmission experiment was approximately 97%. Based on this result, we believe the proposed method will be a useful technique in introducing a customized user advertising service.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.31-34
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• 2013

본 논문은 4세대 이동통신인 Long Term Evolution (LTE) 단말기에 의해 발생된 간섭 신호가 음향기기에 유입되었을 때 음향기기의 잡음영향에 대해 검토하였다. 먼저, LTE 송신 신호에 대한 분석 및 측정을 바탕으로 음향기기에 간섭을 주는 LTE 간섭 신호는 송신 전력의 크기에 의해 결정됨을 확인하였다. 또한, LTE 단말기의 송신전력 및 단말기와 음향기기간의 거리를 변화시키면서 발생하는 음향기기의 잡음을 측정하였다. 측정 결과, LTE 단말기가 최대 전력(22 dBm)을 송신하더라도 단말기와 음향기기의 거리를 25 cm 이상 이격시킴으로써 음향기기에서 발생하는 잡음을 방지할 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2024

Recently, audio systems are changing the configuration of conventional sound reinforcement (SR) systems and public address (PA) systems by using audio over IP (AoIP), a technology that can transmit and receive audio signals based on internet protocol (IP). With the advancement of IP technology, AoIP technologies are leading the audio market and various technologies are being released. In particular, audio networks and control hierarchy over peer-to-peer (Anchor) technology based on AoIP is a system that transmits and receives audio signals over a wide bandwidth without an audio mixer, creating a novel paradigm for existing audio system configurations. Anchor technology forms an audio system by connecting audio sources and output equipment with On-site audio center (OAC), a device that can transmit and receive IP. Anchor's receiving OAC is capable of receiving and mixing audio signals transmitted from different IPs, making it possible to configure a novel audio system by replacing the conventional audio mixer. However, Anchor technology does not have the ability to provide audio effects to input devices such as microphones and instruments in the audio system configuration. Due to this, when individual control of each audio source is required, there is a problem of not being able to control the input signal, and it is impossible to individually affect a specific input signal. In this paper, we implemented a tone control module that can individually control the tone of the audio source of the input device using the audio processor core in the audio system based on Anchor technology, tone control for audio sources is possible through a tone control module connected to the transmitting OAC. As a result of the study, we confirmed that OAC receives the signal from the audio source, adjusts the tone and outputs it on the tone control module. Based on this, it was possible to solve problems that occurred in Anchor technology through transmitting OAC and tone control modules. In the future, we hope that the audio system configuration using Anchor technology will become established as the standard for audio equipment.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2013

A video-zoom driven audio-zoom algorithm is proposed to provide audio zooming effects according to the degree of video-zoom. The proposed algorithm is designed based on a super-directive beamformer operating with a 4-channel microphone array in conjunction with a soft masking process that uses the phase differences between microphones. The audio-zoom processed signal is obtained by multiplying the audio gain derived from the video-zoom level by the masked signal. The proposed algorithm is then implemented on a portable digital imaging device with a clock speed of 600 MHz after different levels of optimization, such as algorithmic level, C-code and memory optimization. As a result, the processing time of the proposed audio-zoom algorithm occupies 14.6% or less of the clock speed of the device. The performance evaluation conducted in a semi-anechoic chamber shows that the signals from the front direction can be amplified by approximately 10 dB compared to the other directions.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제34권
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• pp.27-32
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• 2014

Infrared remote controllers are widely used in controlling electronic devices due to its simplicity and convenience. This paper presents a smart phone application unifying any infrared remote controllers. We can select a device from device list menu of the application. Any new device can be added easily by downloading the protocol file of the device from protocol file server. Remote controller protocol files are stored in audio file format, and the file related to a specific menu button is transmitted through the audio jack of smart phones. The protocol file server is a standard file server, and protocol files for various devices are collected by infrared receiver module. For smart phones without infrared facility, a small infrared module translating audio signal to infrared signal is applied.