• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 1999

Objectives: Patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder(or PMDD) have impairments of the social, occupational or academic function due to psychological or somatic symptoms, which have the characteristic pattern of symptom exacerbation in the week before menses begin and remission shortly after the onset of menses. In the chronobiological view, many researchers have assumed that the etiology of PMDD is the advanced circadian rhythm. It has been suggested that light has a therapeutic effect on PMDD, because evening light results in phase delay of circadian rhythm through the biochemical changes including melatonin. Methods: The authors investigated the therapeutic effect of light therapy on four patients with prospectively diagnosed PMDD by DSM-IV criteria using clinical psychiatric interview, Premenstrual Assessment Form(PAF) and Daily Rating Form(or DRF). In the evening(6:30pm-8:00pm), the 2,500 lux light administered for seven consecutive days during the symptomatic late luteal phase of menstrual cycle. Beck Depression Inventory(or BDI), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(or HAM-D), Spielberg State Anxiety Inventory(or SA), and DRF were evaluated before and after seven days of light therapy. Results: Premenstrual symptoms of PMDD could be effectively treated with the evening bright light therapy, especially in PMDD patients with atypical symptoms. In addition, the light therapy seemed to more effective on the psychologic symptoms than the somatic symptoms of PMDD. There was no significant side-effect of light therapy, except the transient and mild eye-strain in one case. Conclusions: In spite of the results of limited data from our clinical trial, the authors suggest that the potential use of light therapy as an alternative to the pharmacological management of patients with PMDD.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2009

Background: To examine the recovery rate of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from respiratory specimens and the clinical course of NTM pulmonary disease at a 700-bed secondary hospital. Methods: This study analyzed the results of 843 acid-fast bacilli (AFB) culture-positive respiratory specimens from 650 subjects collected between May 2003 and April 2008. In addition, the clinical course of NTM pulmonary disease, diagnosed using criteria established by the American Thoracic Society, was examined. Results: There were 67 (7.9%) NTM isolates recovered from 52 (8.0%) subjects. Among the 535 AFB smear-positive specimens, 34 (6.3%) NTM isolates were recovered. There were 33 (10.7%) NTM isolates were recovered from 308 AFB smear-negative specimens. Of 52 subjects with isolated NTM, M. intracellulare was the most common species at 73.1% (n=33), followed by M. kansassi (n=7), M. abscessus (n=2), M. fortuitum (n=2), and M. avium (n=1). Sixteen (30.8%) patients had NTM pulmonary disease and the most common causative organism was M. intracellulare (n=14, 87.5%). Of these, 6 cases attained negative conversion in culture, 4 cases failed to attain negative conversion because of poor cooperation or expiration from complicated underlying lung disease, and 5 cases were transferred to a higher-grade hospital. Conclusion: The recovery rate of NTM from respiratory specimens was relatively low and the most common species was M. intracellulare. Patients with NTM pulmonary disease showed variable clinical outcomes.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 2004

Cigarette smoke causes atypical structure of pulmonary (cell structural) and oxidative damage. Therefore, we carried out to determine if exposure to cigarette smoke alters pulmonary structure and anti-oxidant related enzyme in a ICR mice model, when natural product extracts using by manual sprayer. The mice were divided into five groups, control group, sham-treated group (Sham), natural product extracts-treated group (NPE), natural product extracts-treated with smoke-exposed group (NPE-SM) and smoke-exposed (SM) group. All groups are similar to control group in weight, but SM group is lower than the other groups. Microscopic image of the pulmonary structure in SM group showed deleterious alterations in the morphology, but the other groups are maintained in original structure. In anti-oxidant related enzyme, SOD (superoxide dismutase) and catalase, SM group represents the lowest enzyme activity among all groups. These results indicate that the natural product extracts is an efficient tissue protective agent against smoke-induced lung injury.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.111-115
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• 2014

Purpose: This study evaluated powdered burn wound dressing materials from wild silkworm fibroin in an animal model. Methods: Fifteen rats were used in this experiment. Full-thickness $2{\times}2cm$ burn wounds were created on the back of rats under anesthesia. In the two experimental groups, the wounds were treated with two different dressing materials made from silkworm fibroin. In the Control Group, natural healing without any dressing material was set as control. The wound surface area was measured at five days, seven days and 14 days. Wound healing was evaluated by histologic analysis. Results: By gross observation, there were no infections or severe inflammations through 14 days post-injury. The differences among groups were statistically significant at seven days and 14 days, postoperatively (P<0.037 and 0.001, respectively). By post hoc test, the defect size was significantly smaller in experimental Group 1 compared with the Control Group and experimental Group 2 at seven days postoperatively (P=0.022 and 0.029, respectively). The difference between Group 1 and Group 2 was statistically significant at 14 days postoperatively (P<0.001). Group 1 and control also differed significantly (P=0.002). Group 1 showed a smaller residual scar than the Control Group and Group 2 at 14 days post-injury. Histologic analysis showed more re-epithelization in Groups 1 and 2 than in the Control Groups. Conclusion: Burn wound healing was accelerated with silk fibroin spun by wild silkworm Antheraea pernyi. There was no atypical inflammation with silk dressing materials. In conclusion, silk dressing materials can be used for treatment of burn wound.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.141-155
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• 2017

As the use of SNS becomes more active, many people are posting their thoughts about specific events in their SNS in the form of text. As a result, SNS is used in various fields such as finance and distribution to conduct service satisfaction surveys and consumer monitoring. However, in the transportation area, there are not enough cases to utilize unstructured data analysis such as emotional analysis. In this study, we developed an emotional analysis methodology that can be used in transportation by using highway VOC data, which is atypical data collected by Korea Expressway Corporation. The developed methodology consists of morpheme analysis, emotional dictionary construction, and emotional discrimination of the collected unstructured data. The developed methodology was verified using highway related tweet data. As a result of the analysis, it can be guessed that many information and information about the construction and the accident were related to the highway during the analysis period. Also, it seems that users complain about the delay caused by construction and accident.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 1993

Background : Mycoplasma pneumonia (M. pneumonia) is a major cause of atypical pneumonia, and its incidence is predominantly at childhood and early adulthood. In contrast, the incidence of adult patients with M. pneumonia has been known to be low. Furthermore the clinical aspects of M. pneumonia are different from those of community acquired pneumonia. Thus, we evaluated the clinical aspects of M. pneumonia in the adult patients. Method : Mycoplasma antibody and cold agglutination tests were performed in patients with clinically suspected pneumonia who had abnormal infiltrations on chest P-A. The 12 patients with pneumonia, who fulfilled entry criteria of more than 1:64 of cold agglutination titer and 1:40 of mycoplasma antibody titer or four-fold increase of mycoplasma antibody titer during one week, were analyzed in terms of clinical aspects. Results : 1) Twelve patients, male 3 and female 9, were included in this study. The peak incidence was teenager. 2) M. pneumonia occured perennially, but predominantly between June to October in eight patients. 3) The main symptoms were fever, coughing, sputum. 4) The main patterns of chest P-A were bronchopneumoina in 8 cases, and involved lesion were nearly both lower lobe. Conclusion : The clinical aspects with Mycoplasma pneumonia in adult patients were different from those of community acquired pneumonia.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.621-627
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• 2003

The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the most common pathogen causing nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease. Despite the introduction of newer, more effective agents for the treatment of MAC, such as clarithromycin, the response to drug therapy in MAC pulmonary disease remains poor, and often frustrating. When MAC pulmonary disease has not been successfully eradicated using drug treatment alone, surgical management is still recognized to play a significant role. A case of MAC pulmonary disease, in a patient whose MAC disease was successfully treated by pulmonary resection, following the failure of drug therapy containing clarithromycin, is reported. To our knowledge, this is the first case report in Korea that the patient underwent a pulmonary resection for the treatment of MAC pulmonary disease.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.111-129
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• 2013

A city is an ordinary space and a place of living that is directly related to our lives. An ordinary space is the total products of culture and the target of cultural representation. An aging residential area of a city reflects the ordinary lives of ordinary people along with its unique history; therefore, this place should not be seen only from an economic and political perspective. The Wausan area is a place that best maintains the characteristics and scenery of an aging urban residential area within Gwangju metropolitan city. Through research into this area, it is possible to discover the meaning and true value of an aging urban residential area such as the close relationship between ordinary culture and placeness, the creation factors and process of placeness of an aging urban residential area, and the authenticity of a particular place. This area is a modern residential area of today's ordinary people, created on a topography of hills and hilly areas along with a historical value of 400 years. It is based on the Gyeongyangyeok of the Joseon period. This place may be described as a space where the dailiness of ordinary people is alive based on its alleys and the unique scenery formed by its alleys and vegetable gardens. The authenticity deduced from such placeness is that an aging urban residential area is a place where communicative and considerate human life and a cultural diversity of an atypical nature are alive, a place where an environment and humans coexist in harmony, and a place where the communal dailiness of residents still exists.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2008

Background : Cervicovaginal cytology is a screening test of uterine cervical cancer. The sensitivity of cervicovaginal cytology is less than 50%, but studies of cytologic/histologic correlation are limited. We analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of cervicovaginal cytology in the detection of the squamous epithelial lesions of the uterine cervix and investigate the cause of diagnostic discordance. Materials and Methods : We collected a total of 481 sets of cervicovaginal cytology and biopsies over 5 years. The cytologic diagnoses were categorized based on The Bethesda System and the histologic diagnoses were classified as negative, flat condyloma, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, CIN II, CIN III, or squamous cell carcinoma. Cytohistologic discrepancies were reviewed. Results: The concordance rate between the cytological and the histological diagnosis was 79.0%. The sensitivity and specificity of cervicovaginal cytology were 80.6% and 92.6%, respectively. Its positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 93.7% and 77.7%, respectively. The false negative rate was 19.4%. Among 54 false negative cytology cases, they were confirmed by histology as 50 flat condylomas, 2 CIN I, 1 CIN III, and 1 squamous cell carcinoma. The causes of false negative cytology were sampling errors in 75.6% and interpretation errors in 24.4%. The false positive rate was 7.4%. Among 15 false positive cytology cases, they were confirmed by histology as 12 atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and 3 low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). The cause of error was interpretation error in all cases. The overall diagnostic accuracy of cervicovaginal cytology was 85.7%. Conclusions : Cervicovaginal cytology shows high overall diagnostic accuracy and is a useful primary screen of uterine cervical cancer.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.2 s.105
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• pp.105-114
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• 2006

In ubiquitous environment where various kinds of computers are embedded in persons, objects and environment and they are interconnected and can be used in my place as necessary, different types of data need to be exchanged between heterogeneous machines through home network. In the environment, the efficient processing, transmission and monitoring of image data are essential technologies. We need to make research not only on traditional image processing such as spatial and visual resolution, color expression and methods of measuring image quality but also on transmission rate on home network that has a limited bandwidth. The present study proposes a new motion vector estimation algorithm for transmitting, processing and controlling image data, which is the core part of contents in home network situation and, using algorithm, implements a real time monitoring system of multi dimensional images transmitted from multiple cameras. Image data of stereo cameras to be transmitted in different environment in angle, distance, etc. are preprocessed through reduction, magnification, shift or correction, and compressed and sent using the proposed metamorphosis hierarchical motion vector estimation algorithm for the correction of motion. The proposed algorithm adopts advantages and complements disadvantages of existing motion vector estimation algorithms such as whole range search, three stage search and hierarchical search, and estimates efficiently the motion of images with high variation of brightness using an atypical small size macro block. The proposed metamorphosis hierarchical motion vector estimation algorithm and implemented image systems can be utilized in various ways in ubiquitous environment.