• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.96-104
• /
• 2000

By using the offshore type submersible platform, Artificial sea floor anchored at a depth of forty meters several experimental studies have been conducted successfully during 1996. The facility consists of an artificial sea floor that floats at 7 meters below the surface, a machinery hut that projects above the surface at the center of the structure and a balance weight beneath the structure. The facility can be surfaced easily by using a water discharging pump in the water tank which is located at the center of it. To find out the behavioral character and the gathering factor of fishes around the artificial sea floor, investigations were carried out during the daytime and nighttime by direct observation and by echo-sounder. Around the testing reefs and artificial sea floor, six kinds of fishes were found by diving observation and the dominants were Scomber japonicus, Sebastes thompsoni and Oplegnathus fascitus. As Scomber japonicus was distributed around the artificial sea floor in dense small school, they were not seen elsewhere in the survey area. The artificial sea floor was concluded to act as a schooling ground far Scomber japonicus, Sebastes thompsoni and Oplegnathus fascitus. were close to the testing reefs(within 10m) in the daytime, and were thought to settle on the testing reefs at nighttime, To examine the distribution of 7shes around the artificial sea floor, an acoustic survey over a 1$\times$1km area, 0-50m in depth during the all day. Around the artificial sea floor many thin scattering fish echo(TS-54.5~ -51.5dB) and dense fish echo(TS-41~-38dB) were mainly distributed. Many scattering fish echoes, which were thought to be a mixture of small squid, pelegic crustacea and ethers, were distributed over the whole survey area. A dense fish school stayed beneath the artificial sea floor for a short duration. These phenomena were concluded to show an attraction and detention function of the artificial sea floor.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.117-128
• /
• 2019

Background: Cliffs are a major plant habitat around the coastal area, but in contrast to sand dunes and salt marshes, they have been little investigated in Korea. There are simple descriptions of cliff vegetation in studies on island vegetation, but there is no published paper, which addressed sea cliff vegetation synthetically. Furthermore, the coastal area where this study was carried out was designated as a conservation reserve. Even though, this area is exposed to intense recreational use such as trekking in these days. This study aims to clarify spatial distribution and structure of vegetation along the environmental gradient on coastal cliff and plateau in the Janggi peninsula (Homigot) located on southeastern Korea. Further, this study has also another objective to prepare a restoration plan to protect this conservation reserve from intense human disturbance. Results: Landscape elements were arranged in the order of sea cliff risen directly on the sea, seashore, coastal cliff, and plateau covered with relatively deep soil in a coastal area of the Janggi peninsula (Homigot), southeastern Korea. Vegetation was sampled at 59 plots arranged from the sea cliff through the seashore and coastal cliff to plateau. The sea cliff, seashore, and coastal cliff, which compose the coastal landscape, were dominated by the seashore spatulate aster (Aster spathulifolius Maxim.) community, dwarf sand sedge (Carex pumila Thunb.) community, and seashore spatulate aster (Aster spathulifolius Maxim.) community. On the plateau corresponding to the ridge of the coastal cliff, black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) community, golden rain tree (Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann) community, east Asian hackberry (Celtis sinensis Pers.) community, sawleaf zelkova (Zelkova serrata Makino) community, and Korean oak (Quercus dentata Thunb.) community were established in the mentioned order along distance from the sea. Stand ordination showed a vegetation sequence from the seashore through the cliff to the plateau, consistent in its overall pattern among sites. This was dominated by topography. There is evidence for the importance also of salinity, drought and of soil depth. Conclusion: The lack of scientific interest in cliffs to date is in striking contrast to the commonness of cliffs around the whole national territory and to the attraction cliffs have had for humans throughout history. Cliffs provide a unique habitat, rarely investigated from an ecological viewpoint. Cliffs may represent an invaluable type of ecosystem, consisting of some of the least disturbed habitats on earth and contributing more to the biodiversity of a region than their surface coverage would indicate. Although this coastal area where this study was carried out was designated as a conservation reserve, this area is in danger of severe disturbance due to excessive recreational use. We recommended a restoration plan to protect this area from such a disturbance.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.43 no.3 s.136
• /
• pp.201-209
• /
• 2004

Overwintering ecology of the peach pyralid moth, Dichocrosis punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was studied in laboratory and in a chestnut orchard in 2001/2002 winter and 2003 spring. All twenty-four female and fourteen male moths were fruit-feeding type which were emerged from the larvae collected at the same chestnut orchard in 2003 winter. Periodical thermal treatment of overwintering larvae at $25^{\circ}C$ revealed that diapause termination of the larval population started from the end of January and was completed until April 20 in southern region of Korea. Pupation of diapause-terminated larvae started from early May and reached to $100\%$ at June 3 in chestnut orchard. Days to pupation of female larvae after diapause termination were 12.5, 8.9, and 7.5 at $20^{\circ}C,\;25^{\circ}C$, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Those of male larvae were similar to those of females. Pupal periods of female were 14.7, 11.8, and 9.0 days at the three temperatures. Moths of the overwintered generation emerged from May 20 to June 28, and reached to $50\%$ emergence on June 8 to 9 under emergence cage. Attraction of the male moths of overwintered generation to sex pheromone traps showed that the date of $50\%$ catches to the traps were June 17, when data from 3 southern regions of Korea were pooled.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.255-264
• /
• 2020

The use of fishway has been investigated up to 2~9 years, continuously each month and over the long term that installed in 6 domestic rivers. The fish's use of fishway has been investigated as direct collection by trap in exit section of the fishway. The population structure of fish using 6 fishway and the fish that live in the river showed difference. About 2 to 7 species of fish took possession of more than 80% of total use of fish in fishways. This seems to be not the results of attraction flow in fishway but specialized result of physiology characteristic followed by species of fish. In addition, the distribution of fish species using fishway was different with the fishways installed in river. This difference seems to be consequence of the place that of the river and fishway types. Generally, the fish species were less and had high ratio of home migratory fish in vertical slot type fishway, which shows relatively fast velocity of water flow. This analysis result of major fish species using fishway can be used in planning fishway and to choose major targeted species for the planning.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 1991

The degree of attraction of Toxoplasma gondii to vertebrate cells varies with cell type and cell phase. Human promyelocytic leukemia cells, HL-60, were synchronized by double thymidine block method and co-cultured with Toxoplasma for 1 hr at each cell stage to investigate the cell cycle specific susceptibility of parasites to host cells. For 30 hr the average number of Texoplasma that invaded was a little changed except at 3 hr from G1/S phase boundary which concurred with the peak point of DNA synthesis. At 3 hr which is a relatively short interval compared to whole S phase, modification of cells by parasitic invasion was most remarkable. The number of Toxoplasma that penetrated was increased to more than sin times. The shape of the cells became sludgy and almost indiscernible by strong accessibility of parasites only for an hour of mfd-S phase. The same auctuation was also observed at the second peak of S phase but weakly. This suggests that there be surface molecules concerning with the attachment of Texoplasma to the host cells, which is expressed at special point of S phase. further studies on the specific protein or similar molecules related could be carried out using synchronized HL-60 cells.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.45-55
• /
• 1986

This study proposes the explanatory indices of urban traffic for the purpose of solving the ambiguity of selection of the explanatory variables, which always raises problems in case of the travel-demand forecasting in the urban transportation planning, and develops optimal urban traffic generation models. The multiple regression models for objective traffic generation are developed by using the proposed explanatory inidces. Objective variables that can be explained by one explanatory variable are modified into simple regression type (Y=bX) in order to ensure the nonnegativity of traffic generation. Similarities are noted in the generaton characteristics of generated traffic from homogeneous land-use activity. Objective variables that can not be explained by multiple variable, such as trip attraction of school and trip generation of social-recreation, are classified by the characteristics of each zone. And traffic generation forecasting models are built as homogeneous zone group, the validity of each model being tested by a statistical method. It is desired that the forecasting precision is in improved by easy and simple method. Accordingly, trip generation rates are calculated from each land-use activity, and trip generation rates for practical application are proposed by considering their stability.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.47-58
• /
• 2009

Recently, tourists and sightseers are increasingly showing their interests in the native local food cultures as their living standards improve. This is why the local autonomy bodies are vigorously trying to develop their local native foods as tourism commodities, which is a part of their efforts to bring a life to their local economies. This study explores the solutions to promote the native local foods of Jeonju area as a tourism item, eventually contributing to the progress of the local economy. The target population of this study was the owners of native local food restaurants in Jeonju area, and the survey was conducted from February 10th to 25th, 2008. For data analysis, frequency analysis was used. In order to achieve this goal, analysis on local restaurant managers for their business operation should be conducted. The results showed they had daily sales of under 100,000 won and did restaurant promotions through pamphlets, brochures and so forth. The development of food was carried out mostly by the restaurant owners and the restaurant management type was independent. To activate the food tourism in Jeonju area, it is necessary to develop a representative native local food restaurants of Jeonju area as a tourism attraction, excavating new food festivals and food tourism courses suited to different areas and developing various food ingredients and spice packages.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.1169-1176
• /
• 2014

In this study, water-dispersible ZnS:Mn nanocrystals were synthesized by capping the surface with conventional and simple structured amino acid ligands: $\small{L}$-Glycine and $\small{L}$-Alanine. The ZnS:Mn-Gly and ZnS:Mn-Ala nanocrystal powders were characterized by XRD, HR-TEM, EDXS, ICP-AES, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The optical properties were measured by UV-Visible and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The PL spectra for the ZnS:Mn-Gly and ZnS:Mn-Ala showed broad emission peaks at 599 nm and 607 nm with PL efficiencies of 6.5% and 7.8%, respectively. The measured average particle size from the HR-TEM images were $6.4{\pm}0.8$ nm (ZnS:Mn-Gly) and $4.1{\pm}0.5$ nm (ZnS:Mn-Ala), which were also supported by Debye-Scherrer calculations. In addition, the degree of aggregation of the nanocrystals in aqueous solutions were measured by a hydrodynamic light scattering method, which showed formation of sub-micrometer size aggregates for both ZnS:Mn-Gly ($273{\pm}94$ nm) and ZnS:Mn-Ala ($233{\pm}34$ nm) in water due to the intermolecular attraction between the capping amino acids molecules. Finally, the cytotoxic effects of ZnS:Mn-Gly and ZnS:Mn-Ala nanocrsystals over the growth of wild type E. coli were investigated. As a result, no toxicity was shown for the ZnS:Mn-Gly nanocrystal in the colloidal concentration region from 1 ${\mu}g/mL$ to 1000 ${\mu}g/mL$, while ZnS:Mn-Ala showed significant toxicity at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.437-442
• /
• 2014

Ocean Literacy is an understanding of the ocean's influence on you and your influence on the ocean. This research developed the 7 ocean education model courses using ocean literacy based on the analysis of ocean education programs which executed 23 agencies in Busan. These model courses are combined in the type of indoor theory, indoor experience, field study and field experience. Also, this makes the guide map for ocean education in a 76cm*56cm size to distinguish and choose the course easily. This map is the format combined in geological location and tourist attraction spots in Busan, includes education centers, contents, lead time and so on, and it is possible for educatees to handle their preference and seasonality elastically. This map including ocean education model course is a milestone to activate ocean education, and is helpful to reach the goal of ocean education and to lead ocean professionals. In addition, this research presents the development of teaching materials, training aids to complement the weakness of indoor education, the development of cyber education through making video contents as the activation measures of ocean education.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Computer Game
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2018

In recent years, Sandbox Games have become more and more popular in players, and The Elder Scrolls 5 Skyrim is the magnum opus of this type of game. However, the element of this game's attraction for players, which is why the game is fun to play is worth exploring in the territory of Game Design. In this paper, I will introduce the game The Elder Scrolls 5 Skyrim in detail, listing some of the game's storyline 、 Game Mechanics and analyze them. Researching the advantage and disadvantage viewed from the angle of Game Interactive Design. Finally by analyzing a large number of interactive storytelling cases in the game and the game experience brought to players, I get some universal principles in the game interactive storytelling design level. The research transforms the players' subjective intuition factor into a clear interactive storytelling design pattern, which aims to provide qualitative design criteria and framework for game interactive storytelling design. Then find a universal technique of Game Interactive Design, that is how to design a game interaction system for a sandbox game that will make the game attractive to players. And this may provide some guiding significance for the later Game Interactive Designing.