• 대한간호학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.829-841
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze death attitudes of students majoring In the human service area, such as nursing science, education, and social welfare. Method: The Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used, The 38 selected Q-statements from each of 42 subjects were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using a QUANL PC program. Result: Four types of death attitudes for research subjects in nursing, education, and social welfare areas were identified. Type I is fatalistic admission, Type II is pursuit of existential life, Type III is uncertainty of life after death, and Type IV is separation-connection between life and death. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that different approaches of death educational programs are recommended based on the four types of death attitudes.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2024

Purpose: Advance directives (ADs) are legal documents that outline a person's preferences or decisions regarding end-of-life care ahead of time. In Korea, there is insufficient awareness and knowledge about ADs among patients undergoing hemodialysis. This study explored the relationship between perceptions of a good death, knowledge about ADs, and attitudes toward ADs in this patient population. Methods: This cross-sectional survey enrolled 119 hemodialysis patients from a secondary hospital in 2021. The participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, Spearman rank correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The average score for perceptions of a good death among hemodialysis patients was 2.80 out of 4, with clinical symptoms identified as the most critical factor. The average scores for knowledge about ADs and attitudes toward ADs were 5.69 out of 9 and 2.79 out of 4, respectively. There was a positive correlation between perceptions of a good death and attitudes toward ADs (r=0.34, P<0.001), as well as between knowledge about Ads and attitudes toward ADs (r=0.19, P=0.037). Factors influencing attitudes toward Ads included employment status (β=0.22, P=0.011), education level (β=0.22, P=0.013), and perceptions of a good death (β=0.29, P=0.001), which accounted for 24.8% of the variance in attitudes toward ADs. Conclusion: A positive perception of a good death among patients undergoing hemodialysis was associated with a positive attitude toward ADs. Educational programs are needed to improve individuals' understanding of a good death and encourage the development of end-of-life care plans.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2004

목적: 임종환자의 죽음에 대한 인식태도는 그들의 남은 삶의 기간동안 겪게 될 고통이나 삶의 질을 결정하게 되는 중요한 요소로써 간호제공자의 그것에 의해 영향을 받게 된다. 그러나 이제까지의 연구들은 주로 대상자에만 초점을 두어 진행을 해왔기 때문에 본 연구에서는 간호제공자 입장에서의 죽음에 대한 인식태도를 파악해 보고자 간호대학생들을 대상으로 죽음에 대한 인식태도를 파악하고자 하였으며 또한 죽음에 대한 인식태도가 영적안녕 상태와 관계가 있는지를 규명하고자 하였다. 방법: 2003년 5월부터 6월 사이 일 대학 간호학생 197명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 죽음에 대한 인식태도와 영적안녕 상태를 파악하기 위한 구조화된 설문지를 사용하였으며, 총 191부를 수거하여 이 중 응답이 누락되지 않은 175부를 자료분석에 사용하였다. 대상자의 일반적 특성 및 죽음인식에 대한 태도와 영적안녕 상태는 기술적 통계를 사용해 분석하였으며, 일반적 특성에 따른 죽음인식태도와 영적안녕 상태는 t-test, ANOVA를 사용해 분석하였고, 죽음에 대한 인식태도와 영적안녕 상태의 관계분석에는 Pearson's correlation을 사용하였다. 결과: 연구대상자의 영적안녕 상태는 $50.9943{\pm}10.7235$이며, 종교와 경제활동 유무에 따른 영적안녕 상태에서 집단 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 죽음에 대한 인식태도는 $20.4914{\pm}2.6280$이었으며, 성별과 연령에 따라 통계적으로 집단간 유의한 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 대상자들의 죽음에 대한 태도와 영적안녕 상태 간에는 유의한 순상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다(r=.261, P=.000). 결론: 본 연구를 통해서 간호대학생의 영적안녕 상태와 죽음에 대한 인식태도 간에 상호관련성이 있음이 밝혀졌다. 이는 임종과정을 경험하는 대상자들의 죽음에 대한 인식태도에 간호제공자의 죽음에 대한 인식태도가 중요한 영향을 미친다는 기존의 연구결과와 더불어 고려해본다면 영적간호 교육에서 대상자 뿐만 아니라 간호제공자의 영적안녕 상태와 죽음에 대해 인식하는 태도 또한 교육내용에서 중요하게 다뤄져 할 부분임을 시사하는 바라고 여겨진다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2017

Purpose : The current study objective was to determine the attitudes of nursing students to death, perception of end-of life care, and perceptions of educational training needs in relation to the provision of end-of life care, and to apply the results to the development of an efficient and effective education program in this regard. Method : Data collection was carried out between March and April 2017, and was achieved through the administration of a questionnaire to 124 caregivers working in a nursing home in C. A self-report instrument was used to measure nursing attitudes to death, perceptions of end-of-life care, and perceptions of educational training needs in relation to the provision of end-of-life care. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS(R) Statistics for Windows(R)(version 21.0), and were calculated was whole numbers, percentages, $mean{\pm}standard$ deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results : The average scores obtained were 2.85 out of a maximum of 4.00, 2.14 out of 4.00, and 2.42 out of 4.00, for attitudes to death, perceptions of end-of-life, and perceptions of educational training needs in relation to the provision of end-of-life care, respectively. A positive correlation was found between attitudes to death and perceptions of end-of-life care, and a negative correlation was found between perceptions of end-of-life care and educational training needs in relation to the provision of end-of-life care. Conclusion : The development and implementation of an educational program is necessary to ensure positive attitudes to death in nursing students and improve their perceptions about end-of-life care. Further research is also warranted to determine the impact of such a program in this regard.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2015

목적: 본 연구는 검시관과 응급실 간호사들의 좋은 죽음에 대한 인식과 죽음에 대한 태도를 알아보기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 방법: 본 연구는 전국의 검시관 44명과 일개 광역시의 응급실 간호사 56명을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 자료수집기간은 2010년 10월 1일부터 2011년 2월 28일까지 실시되었다. 결과: 좋은 죽음에 대한 대상자 전체의 평균은 4점 만점에 2.98점이었으며 응급실 간호사는 2.95점, 검시관은 3.01점으로 검시관이 다소 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 죽음에 대한 태도에서는 대상자 전체 평균은 4점 만점에 2.72점으로 나타났으며 응급실 간호사는 2.61점, 검시관은 2.87점으로 검시관이 높았으나 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 일반적 특성에 따른 좋은 죽음에 대한 인식과 죽음의 태도에서는 응급실간호사와 검시관 간의 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과에서 검시관과 응급실 간호사가 인지하는 좋은 죽음과 죽음의 태도에 유의한 차이가 없는 것을 확인함으로써 죽음을 직면하는 상황보다는 죽음을 받아들이는 태도가 중요함을 확인하였으며, 죽음관련 교육에 대한 대상자의 높은 요구를 충족시키기 위해 죽음관련 교육의 기회를 확대하고 일회성이 아닌 연속적인 죽음관련 교육이 필요하다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.7-19
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine nursing college students' knowledge of and attitudes toward brain death, organ donation and organ transplantation. The research design utilized in this study was a descriptive research design. The data were collected from September 7 to 14, 1998, by means of strutted questionnaire. To measure students' knowledge of brain death, organ donation and organ transplantation, Joo's(1995) instrument was used. The questionnaire was composed of 22 items. To measure students' attitudes toward organ donation and organ transplantation, s(1995) Instrument was used. The questionnaire was composed of 22 items. The data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient using the SAS program. The results were as follows : 1. Students' knowledge of brain death, organ donation and organ transplantation was 9-20. The mean score was 15.36, with 22, the highest possible score. There was statistically significant difference between students' knowledge and approval on the brain death recognition group(t=9.75, p=0.002). 2. Students' altitudes toward organ do nation and organ transplantation showed is mean score of 3.61 on a 5 attitudes points Liken scale. More than 80% of respondents agreed that organ transplantation can offer a high quality of life to the recipient and is an acceptable form of medical treatment. The health care costs associated with organ transplantation are worth itif another's life can be saved. Students felt it important to help others who are very ill. Also, by donating organs, students felt a part of their own body would continue to live by making it possible for someone else to live. Only 2.9% of students objected to organ donation for religious reasons. There was statistically significant difference among students' attitudes, experienced blood donor group(t=17.04, p=0.000), approval on the brain death recognition group (t=21.06, p=0.000), organ donation agreement group(t=46.13, p=0.000).

• 한국노년학
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-69
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• 2009

본 연구는 '노인을 위한 죽음준비교육'의 효과를 검정하기 위한 연구이다. 노인은 인간발달단계로 볼 때 죽음을 가장 가까이 접하고 있는데, 죽음에 대한 태도는 긍정적 혹은 부정적으로 복합적일 수 있다. 노인이 죽음에 대해 긍정적인 태도를 가지게 되면 그들의 삶의 질이 좋아지고 편안한 죽음을 맞이할 수 있다고 보는 견해가 지배적이다. 이에 본 연구는 10주간의 죽음준비교육 프로그램을 주 1회 100분씩 60세 이상의 노인 38명에게 실시하여 노인의 죽음에 대한 태도와 우울에 대해 긍정적인 변화를 검정하고자 하였다. 교육은 2기에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 1기 22명의 노인에게는 2008년 1월 16일 부터 3월 26일까지, 2기 16명의 노인에게는 2008년 4월 16일부터 6월 18일까지 교육을 실시했다. 10주간 이루어진 강의주제는 "죽음준비교육의 필요성, 존엄한 죽음을 위한 3가지 대안, 죽음 끝이 아니다(I, II), 호스피스(I, II), 죽음의 9가지 유형(I, II, III), 죽음을 알면 자살하지 않는다."이다. 죽음준비교육을 실시한 다음 죽음에 대한 태도와 우울 점수를 교육 실시 전 점수와 t-test로 검정한 결과, 교육실시 이후에는 실시 이전보다 노인의 죽음에 대한 태도가 유의미하게 긍정적으로 변화하였다. 우울 정도의 점수는 감소하였으나 그 감소는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 또한 노인대상자의 죽음준비교육 실시 이전과 실시 이후에 죽음태도와 우울간의 상관관계는 Pearson correlation coefficients로 분석한 결과, 교육 실시 이전과 실시 이후 모두 강한 역 상관관계를 보여 죽음태도가 긍정적일수록 우울정도가 낮았다. 그러나 교육 전·후 우울 정도와 상관관계의 변화는 없었다. 그러므로 본 연구는 노인계층 대상으로 일정기간 동안 규칙적으로 죽음준비교육프로그램을 실시할 수 있다면, 죽음에 대한 노인들의 태도를 긍정적으로 변화시킬 수 있음을 입증하였다. 아울러 지금까지 국내에서 체계적으로 이루어지지 못하고 있는 노인을 위한 죽음준비교육 프로그램 개발과 활용 기반을 확장하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' perceptions of life-sustaining treatment decisions and "a good death" affect attitudes toward terminal care. Method : Participants included 109 ICU nurses from three university hospitals. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, and collected data were analyzed using a t-test, ANOVA, the $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and a multiple regression analysis (SPSS 24.0 program). Results : Perceptions of life-sustaining treatment decisions and a sense of closeness (a constituent for the awareness of "a good death") were positively correlated with terminal care attitudes. The factors affecting terminal care attitudes were a clinical career in ICU (${\beta}=.20$, p =.035), a sense of closeness(${\beta}=.19$, p =.041), and the perception of a life-sustaining treatment decision (${\beta}=.22$, p =.017). This finding indicates that more than 10 years of experience in ICU, a greater sense of closeness, and a higher view of life-sustaining treatment decisions results in more positive attitudes toward terminal care. The explanatory power of these variables on terminal care attitudes was 14% (F=6.84, p < .001, Adj $R^2=.140$). Conclusion : A sense of closeness and the perception of life-sustaining treatment decisions were identified as the factors affecting terminal care attitudes. Thus, various programs must be developed to raise awareness among ICU nurses of "a good death" and perceptions of life-sustaining treatment decisions.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.251-262
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the extent to which in-hospital-based home health nurses' perceptions and anxiety about death following terminal care, affects their attitudes toward terminal care. Methods: The subjects were 128 advanced practice nurses working in hospital-based facilities for home health care, located in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Incheon Metropolitan City. Data were collected from May 3, 2019, to June 3, 2019, using structured questionnaires, on terminal care and related variables based on the literature. Data were analyzed by performing the Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multivariable stepwise regression using the SPSS Version 25.0 program. Results: The scores of the attitudes toward terminal care of home health care nurses was 3.25 points out of a possible 4 points. Factors affecting nurses' attitudes toward terminal care were their concern about death(β=0.45, p<0.001), religion(β=-0.26, p=0.001) and the anxiety of others about dying(β=-0.23, p=0.003), which explained 32.0% of the observed variance concerning the factors affecting nurses' attitudes toward terminal care. Conclusion: Through this study, concern about death, anxiety about how other people process dying, and religion, were found to be associated factors. The more concerned the nurses were about death and the less their anxiety about how others process dying, the better the home health care nurses' attitude toward implementing terminal care.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to classify the subjectivity type toward death among college students and to understand the characteristics of attitudes and orientations toward death of each type. Since attitudes and orientations toward death is very subjective and unique, Q-methodology was employed in this study. Q-methodology explains the respondent's subjectivity by objectifying his subjectivity for himself. The P-sample consisted of 63 students of K university in D city. Forty statements concerning attitudes and orientations toward death, which developed by Yeun(1999) were utilized for Q-sample. Forty Q-statements were sorted according to the level of agreement or disagreement by forced normal distribution. The Q-sorts by each subjects were coded and analysed with the PC-QUANL program. Five types of subjectivity toward death were identified and labeled. Type 1 'the death- preparation' think frequently about his own death and talk openly about the problem of death with a positive attitude. Type 2 'the life-esteemed' respect the dignity of life most of all. Type 3 'the realty-oriented' do not believe the afterlife and is very concerned about the present life itself instead of thinking about death. Type 4 'the ambivalent' think importantly the aspect of present life and orient the afterlife at the same time. This type reveals opposite attitude of preparing and scaring the death at the same time. Type 5 'the destiny-recipient' attribute death to the destiny and deny suicide. On the basis of this result, the studies about applying and developing educational program on death and hospice care for nurses who care terminal cancer patients and families are needed.