• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.15 no.sup1
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• pp.79-93
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control on behavioral intentions to practice COVID-19 preventive behaviors using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 519 restaurant customers' responses was collected in this study through an online self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on socio-demographic factors. One-way analysis of variance and t-test were conducted to determine differences in the constructs from the TPB according to age and sex. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). RESULTS: SEM revealed the positive effect of knowledge about COVID-19 on attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in restaurants. Attitude, subjective norm, behavior intention, and knowledge positively affected COVID-19 preventive behavior intentions in restaurants. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study confirmed that the TPB is helpful in elucidating the determinants of consumers' intention to practice COVID-19 preventive behavior in restaurants. These findings can help policy makers and professionals provide material for further public health interventions and inform them about awareness-raising, guidelines, and health education programs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 1999

In order to evaluate the effects of knowledge, attitude and practice on noise-induced hearing loss or hearing threshold level, questionnaire survey was performed and hearing thresholds of 1 kHz and 4 kHz were measured on 1,040 subjects with workers exposed to noise, safety and health officers. industrial hygienists, analysts rind office workers. The results were as follows ; 1. The following 6 factors were obtained by factor analysis and factor rotation of 30 questionnaire of knowledge, attitude and practice about noise; knowledge of noise (F1), concern of hearing protective devices (F2), concern of noise induced hearing loss (F3), concern of noise level and hearing impairment (F4), concern of noise in workplace (F5) and recognition of noised-induced hearing loss (F6). 56.1% of variance was explained by 6 factors. 2. Significant variables influencing knowledge, attitude and practice about noise were education level and age in F1, personal protective devices (PPE) and education level in F2, age and education level in F3, education level, age and sex in F4, PPE, education level, age and work duration in F5, and work duration and PPE in F6. 3. Hearing thresholds of 4 kHz were significantly higher in workers exposed to noise than that of in the other subjects and tended to be higher in industrial hygienists, safety and health officers and analysts than that of the office workers. 4. Significant variables influencing hearing thresholds of 1 kHz were age, education level, F5 and F6 in workers exposed to noise, and F1 in industrial hygienists. 5. Significant variables influencing hearing thresholds of 4 kHz were age, F6, sex, work duration, F1, F5, F2 and F3 in workers exposed to noise, F1 and age in safety and health officers, and F6, sex and F4 in industrial hygienists. With the above results, it suggested that workers exposed to noise be needed the education of knowledge, attitude and practice about noise in hearing conservation program for the prevention of noise induced hearing loss. Also, it suggested that health managers in workplace be needed countermeasures to prevent hearing loss although they are intermittently exposed to noise.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.312-323
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to understand sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes, and the perceptions and actualities of sex education among parents of elementary school children. Methods: This is a descriptive study with a sample size of 337. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data analysis, including descriptive analyses, the t-test, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: More than 50% of the participants responded that primary sex education for young children should be the responsibility of the parents and that education should be stared during the elementary school period. A moderate correlation was found between parents' sexual knowledge and sexual attitudes (r=.44). Most parents were afraid to provide sex education because of their unfamiliarity with teaching methods and their lack of knowledge. However, 50 of the parents wanted to receive sex-related education. Conclusion: We found that parents would like to learn more about sex education from expert lectures or professional organizations. They were interested in topics including the sexual structure of males/females and sexual physiology. Open communication between parents and their children regarding sex-related issues is important. It is crucial to provide accurate and up-to-date sex education information to parents so that they can effectively teach their children at home.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.15-30
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• 2008

According to the research taken by the National Statistical Office, the fertility rate of a Korean fertile female is 1.17. This figure is the lowest in the world, and the reduction in the fertility rate over the last 30 years was the biggest in the world. It can be seen as a warning alarm about the effects of a low birth rate and a silver society. Assuming that there are several factors involved in this phenomenon, this study inquired into the attitude towards children, attitude towards nourishing children, attitude towards sex roles and the harmony between the jobs and families of married females, and examined the factors that influence the willingness to give birth. Final 581 copies of the survey questionnaire were used for analysis and the collected data were analysed by SPSS, Pearson's correlation analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Three main conclusions were reached: Firstly, the value variables, such as sex-role attitudes and the preference for work or home, affect the willingness to give birth. Therefore, it can be said that one's values have a significant effect on these variables and the willingness to give birth. Secondly, both working morns and housewives have a strong tendency to give a birth if they are supported on child rearing. Finally, the employment of the married women itself can be a variable that can affect childbirth. In other words, the working hours affect employed married women so as sex-role attitudes, the preference between work and home, ideal number of children, and the income to housewives. Also, even in whole married women, the employment itself can be a major factor of the willingness to have a baby. Therefore, unemployed married women have more of a tendency to have children than employed married women.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.501-511
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate BMI, self-esteem and attitude toward body shape perceived by obese adults. Method: The subjects were 129 adults selected from visitors to the obesity clinics of three university hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Results: 1) Of the subjects. 26.3% appeared normal. 2) The mean BMI was 27.38. 3) The degree of self-esteem showed above average as 29.1 on the average. 4) The degree of attitude toward body shape showed above average as 27.2 on the average. 5) There were significant differences in BMI according to educational level (F=4.102, p=.019), in self-esteem according to sex (t=2.484, p=.014), educational level (F=2.781, p=.044), and medication or not (t=2.003, p=.048) and in attitude toward body shape according to age (F=3.059, p=.019), sex(t=-5.281, p=.000), diet or not(t=-3.286, p=001), exercise or not (t=-3.286, p=.001), and medication or not(t=-3.659, p=.000). 6) There were significant correlations between BMI and attitude toward body shape (r=.353, p=.000) and between self-esteem and attitude toward body shape (r=-.310, p=.000). Conclusion: The results of his study suggest that nurses need to help their patients have correct information about obesity.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.83-105
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• 1979

The purpose of this study is 1) to find out several factors which related to father's rearing attitude and father's concern influencing on children's personality development and 2) to examine closely the correlation between father and children's personality. For the study, cases of 914 children from Seoul and Chong-Ju were sampled to put their personality on test and to investigate on the father's attitude for child rearing and child -concern. The instruments used in this research are question aires, which the investigators made, to examine the father's attitude for child-rearing and child-concern, and the child-personality test performed by Ph. D.B.M.J eong. The results obtained can be summarized as follows : 1. Most fathers were found to be more affectionate to daughters then to sons in their attitude for child-rearing and child-concern , and fathers in Chong-Ju had the tendency to have morn concern about the first child. 2. The more educated fathers, public official or company employee, and Christian or Catholic , showed much more concern about their children, which was shown or Catholic ,showed much more concern about their children , which was shown in this study as statistically significant (P<.0.1, F-test). 3. There were no sex differences in correlations between father's child-rearing attitude or child-concern and child-personality. 4. Father's child-rearing attitude was highly related to child's birth order, That is : the first child showed the low coefficient in general activity and impulsiveness, and showed the high coefficient in emotional stability of personality traits when father's child-rearing attitude was high. 5. Regardless of sex, birth order, economic level, children showed high coefficient in dominance, reflectiveness, and sociability of personality traits when father's child-concern was high. 6. Children in Chong-Ju also presented high marks at percentile in emotional stability when they liked grand fathers and fathers. 7. Children who identify their fathers showed the high marks in emotional stability, specially cases of Chong-Ju were statistically more significant (P<0.5, F-test). 8. There were much difference in percentile marks of personality traits among children in Seoul and Chong -Ju ; the marks which children in Chong-ju made were average 13.71 score lower than those of Seoul in general -activity , dominace, impulsiveness reflectiveness, sociability only except emotional stability.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.173-183
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• 2001

This study examined adolescents'behavioral attitude and perception toward the elderly relating to the experiences with their grandparents. In addition, the study explored the relations between perception and behavioral attitude toward the elderly The numbers of sample are 1,477 adolescents who were 5th grade of elementary, 2nd grade of both middle and high school. They answered three different questionnaires relating to perception and behavioral attitude toward the elderly including positive perception, image and perspectives toward the elderly; behavioral attitude toward the elderly; and biases toward the elderly. Adolescents'relationship with their grandparents was assessed by questioning about present and past experiences of co-living with grandparents, living distance to grandparents, frequencies of visits and phone calls between grandparents and adolescents, and others. The results of the study are summarized as follows: ( 1 ) Adolescents'behavioral attitude and perception toward the elderly tends to be positive, (2) Adolescents'sex and grades significantly affect the perception and behavioral attitude toward the elderly, (3) The closer to the grandparents adolescents are, the more positive attitude and perception to the elderly; (4) Adolescents'perception better explains their behavioral attitude toward the elderly.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.342-350
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• 2022

Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention among youth seems under-prioritised compared to other key populations. HIV knowledge and stigma are important parts of HIV prevention. To inform HIV prevention among youths, this study quantitatively analysed the associations between open communication regarding sexuality and sexual health, comprehensive HIV knowledge, and non-stigmatising attitudes in Indonesia. Methods: This study used data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2017. The analysis included unmarried men and women aged 15-25 years old. Comprehensive HIV knowledge and a stigmatising attitude were defined according to the IDHS 2017. Open communication about sexuality and sexual health was defined as the number of people with whom participants could openly discuss these topics in their direct network of friends, family, and service providers, with a scale ranging from 0 to a maximum of 7. Primary analysis used binomial logistic regression with weighting adjustments. Results: The final analysis included 22 864 respondents. Twenty-two percent of youth had no one in their direct network with whom to openly discuss sexual matters, only 14.1% had comprehensive HIV knowledge, and 85.9% showed stigmatising attitudes. Youth mostly discussed sex with their friends (55.2%), and were less likely to discuss it with family members, showing a predominant pattern of peer-to-peer communication. Multivariate analysis showed that having a larger network for communication about sexuality and sexual health was associated with more HIV knowledge and less stigmatising attitudes. Conclusions: Having more opportunities for open sex communication in one's direct social network is associated with more HIV knowledge and less stigmatising attitudes.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.239-251
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• 1999

The purpose of this survey is to measure the sexual knowledge, attitude, and experience in college students in order to provide better sex education programs and direction. For this study, questionnaires were given to 259 students in K college of Kyongnam and collected during the period of June 1 to June 20, 1998. Data was analyzed using a statistical computer package: SPSS to manipulate the data along with frequency, mean, t-test, F-test and Pearson correlation coeffiency. The results from this study were summarized as follows: 1. Sex related knowledge marked 12.01 at a maximum level of 25. In the areas of Sex physiology(51.8%), genital physiology(49.9%), venereal diseases(44.3%) and contraceptive methods (38.1%), students were shown to have certain levels of knowledge. 2. Sex related attitudes marked 15.35 at a maximum level of 35. The most frank attitudes concerned 'premartial coitus in males' and the most conservative attitudes concerned 'extramarital coitus in females'. 3. Concerning sexual behavior 80.7% of the respondents had associated with the opposite sex. The most frequent behaviors were walking arm in arm (male : 28.6%, female: 36.2%). Their main problems were relationships with the opposite sex(male : 39.2%, female: 24.5%), frustrated sexual desire(male : 26.0%, female: 9.8%) and unwanted pregnacy(male: 15.2%, female: 7.8%) To solve sex problems, respondents intended to consult their friends(male : 35.7%, female: 46. 7%) and become active in sports or recreation (male: 23.4%, female: 11.4%). About 81.2% of male students had a masturbation experience, but only 11.4% of female did, 40.0% of male students had a sexual intercourse experience, but only 13.3% of females did, 7.8% of male students used contraceptive methods, but only 2.9% of females did. 12.3% of male students had a rape experience, but only 10.5% of females did. The proportion of male students who made someone pregnant was 12.3%,however pregnant female were only 6.8% and the proportion of male students who forced someone to have an abortion was 12.3%, females who experienced an abortion were only 5.7%. 4. Regarding genital physiology, there was a statistically significant differences in gender ( t = -7.342, p=0.000). Regarding contraceptive methods, there was a statistically significant difference in the father's education level(F= 2.421, p=0.036) 5. In sexual attitudes, there were statistically significant differences in gender( t = 4.456, p = 0.000), religion(F=4.315, p=0.000), high school(F=3.150, p=0.045), habitation form(F= 3.164, p=0.0025 and methods of acquiring sexual knowledge(F=2.990, p=0.012). 6. The variables regarding sexual experience were gender, high school, economic status, habitation form, method of acquiring sexual knowledge, and parental attitudes toward sex. From the result of the study, sex education is required and must be taught as a regular course in the curriculum of all Korean schools at all levels.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.202-209
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among pereption of obesity, experience of weight control control and satisfaction with body image in adolescence. The subjects were 221 high school students(91 boys, 130 grils), aged 16.7 years living in a rural area. To determine the perception of obesity, knowledge about obesity, belidfs about obese people, and attitudes towards obese people were measured. The results were as follows: There was high correlation between beliefs about obese people and attitudes toward obese people. When the perception of obesity was compared by sex, girls had significantly more accurate knowledge, stronger beliefs that obesity couldn't be controlled by oneself, the higher the eating disturbance score was. It also appeared that BMI was positively correlated with the positive attitude towards obese people.