• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.147-165
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• 2008

IT education can be summarized as persuading the educatee to accept IT. The persuasion is made by delivering the messages for how-to-use and where-to-use to the educatee, which leads formulation of a belief structure for using IT. Therefore, message based persuasion theory, as well as IT acceptance theories such as technology acceptance model(TAM), would play a very important role for explaining IT education. According to elaboration likelihood model(ELM) that has been considered as one of the most influential persuasion theories, people change attitude or perception by two routes, central route and peripheral route. In central route, people would think critically about issue-related arguments in an informational message. In peripheral route, subjects rely on cues regarding the target behavior with less cognitive efforts. Moreover, such persuasion process is not a one-shot program but continuous repetition with feedbacks, which leads to changing a belief structure for using IT. An educatee would get more knowledge and experiences of using IT as following an education program, and be more dependent on a central route than a peripheral route. Such change would reformulate a belief structure which is different from the intial one. The objectives of this study are the following two: First, an identification of the relationship between ELM and belief structures for using IT. Especially, we analyze the effects of message interpretation through both of central and peripheral routes on perceived usefulness which is an important explaining variable in TAM and perceived use control which have perceived ease of use and perceived controllability as sub-dimensions. Second, a longitudinal analysis of the above effects. In other words, change of the relationship between interpretation of message delivered by IT education and beliefs of IT using is analyzed longitudinally. For achievement of our objectives, we suggest a research model, which is constructed as three-layered. While first layer has a dependent variable, use intention, second one has perceived usefulness and perceived use control that has two sub-concepts, perceived ease of use and perceived controllability. Finally, third one is related with two routes in ELM, source credibility and argument quality which are operationalization of peripheral route and central route respectively. By these variables, we suggest five hypotheses. In addition to relationship among variables, we suggest two additional hypotheses, moderation effects of time in the relationships between perceived usefulness and two routes. That is, source credibility's influence on perceived usefulness is decreased as time flows, and argument quality's influence is increased. For validation of it, our research model is tested empirically. With measurements which have been validated in the other studies, we survey students in an Excel class two times for longitudinal analysis. Data Analysis is done by partial least square(PLS), which is known as an appropriate approach for multi-group comparison analysis with a small sized sample as like this study. In result. all hypotheses are statistically supported. One of theoretical contributions in this study is an analysis of IT education based on ELM and TAM which are considered as important theories in psychology and IS theories respectively. A longitudinal analysis by comparison between two surveys based on PLS is also considered as a methodological contribution. In practice, finding the importance of peripheral route in early stage of IT education should be notable.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.259-279
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• 2000

This study is a descriptive analytic research measuring nursing service quality, using SERVQUAL model, to make fundamental data and strategies for nursing service improvement. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaire from 202 patients and 142 nurses, from June 7 to 14, 1999. The reliability of instrument were adequate(Cronbach ${\alpha}=.94$). SAS program was utilized for statistical analysis of collected data. The results were as follows; 1. There was a gab between patient's expectation and perception on nursing service(Gap B). Gap D was indicated an affecting factor to decide nursing service quality. Gap C was indicated an indirect affecting factor of nursing service quality. Because it was not statistically significant in total item analysis, but in individual item analysis, 7 items were appeared statistically significant. Gap A was not a gap occurrence factor of nursing service quality. 2. Focuses of nursing service quality improvement strategies were; (1) to direct qualitative improvement of nursing service in order to correspondence patient's nursing service expectation. (2) to make nurse's service activity modified because nurse's practice were not reached patient's expectation level. (3) to need internal, external factor analysis affecting nurse's service activity. 3. Nursing service quality was decided by rather environmental inappropriateness provided nursing service than itself. Therefore, to make nursing service quality improvement, it is required to improve nursing service environment. For this, followings are required; (1) to strengthen nurse's education on lower part of nursing service satisfaction and QI activities. (2) to balance demand and supply of nursing personnel. 3) to fix computerized system for reducing other duties weight except nursing care through analysis of nursing activity. (4) to construct rational cooperating system among related departments. 4. The important parts for nursing service quality improvement were indicated as follows: (1) Gap B: 'prompt reaction', 'examination symptom before patient's complaint', 'hearted nursing service reducing patient's dissatisfaction', 'explanation goals of nursing activities', 'having special Knowledge enough', 'maintenance position comfortably', 'management of patient's physical hygiene'. (2) Gap C: 'maintenance physical safety', 'explanation about hospital rules and facilities'. (3) Gap D: 'tender, safe injection and wound care'. Because above items are mostly improved through nurse's attitude change and quality improvement, it is required to establish nursing standardization and to strengthen nurse's clinical education. As the based on above results, followings are suggested; 1. SERVQUAL model is very useful to make strategies for nursing service quality improvement because it indicates multiple factors affecting hap occurrence. 2. At individual items analysis of Gap C, statistically significant 7 items appeared higher nurse's perception level than patient's perception level on nursing service were trouble perception level on nursing service quality improvement. So. it need further research to analysis about these difference occurring factors. 3. At analysis of Gap D, it is indicated that in nursing service performance process, multiple factors lowing nursing service quality were intruded. So it needs further research to analysis what these factors are and how each factors affect on nursing performance process. 4. nursing service quality measurement is changeable according to sample select time or sampled subject's characteristics. So to develope strategy for nursing service quality improvement is based on the results of periodical analysis.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.349-371
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• 1995

Professional nurse shall possess the firm nursing idea and ethical nursing philosophy based on the professional knowledge and technology but due to the rapid social situations has changed the value to man thus the nurse's sense of value in the nursing secenes has been confused and changed bringing the new ethical problems and discord due to the ethically difficult problems. This study is aimed to know about the discord between the ruling ethical sense of value and the ethical discord exeriencing in the clinical scenes of the nurse and to help them establish affirmative ethical sense of value and provide them with the materials which can effectively meet the ethical discord. The study research has been conducted by selecting 515 clinical nurses in 8 general hospitals as the subject from Mar. 13, 1995 to Apr. 3. The tool measuring the ethical sense of value disigned by Lee, Young Sook has been used and supplemented and the tool measuring the ethical discord was the question papers about the ethical dillemma of Han, Sung Sook. The collected materials have been analyzed by the statistical methods of arithmetical everage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and etc. The result of the study is as the below ; 1) The average point of the ethical sense of value of the nurse was 3.62(maximum point : 5) which showed that the ethical level was so high and the highest question item in the ethical level of the whole items of the ethical sense of value was "They conduct as directed by the doctor in case the disposition of the doctor looks mistaken"(4.56 point), "They keep the secret of the patients while serving them."(4.56) and the lowest item was "using placobo for the patients is not allowed" : (1.85 point). 2) Statistical variation which showed the significant difference in the relation with the ethical sense of value according to the general characters of the nurse has shown as scholarly years(F=3.47, p=.016), religion(F=1.66, p=.004), interest degree of ethical education(F=4.18, p=.006),attitude to the job of nursing(F=6.76, p=.006), ethical standard(F=3.28, p=.021), and recognition degree on ethical principles(F=4.53, p=.001). 3) The average point of the ethical discord of the nurse was 0.54(The maximum-1 point) point and the ethical discord in the clinical scenes : "the problems arising from the lack of manpower of the nurse"(0.86), "the discord from the uncooperative relation between them and the medical staff and"(0.75) and indifference of the doctor about the report of the nurse(0.73). 4) The variation which showed the significant difference statistically in the ethical discord according to the general characters of the nurse was that Age(F=19.88, p=.000), schooling(F=5.32, p=.001), Experience(F=15.77, p=.000), position(F=13.58, p=.000) and ethical standard(F=2.63, p=.049). 5) The results of the analysis of correlation between ethical sense of value and discord(r=0.519, p=.239) showed no significant correlation statistically.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the Marital Satisfaction Scale(M.S.S) is properly applicable to Korean couples and further to be devoted to the designed of a marital satisfaction scale for Korea. The scale employed in this study was a Korean adaptation of the M.S.S., which originally included 73 items but was reduced to 48 through a study of its validity by Bowden. This scale was administered to 420 couples. One kindergarten, two elementary schools, one middle school, and four high schools, all of them located in Seoul or its satellite cities were selected for the present study. The results of the study were as follows. 1) Through item analysis, 85.4% of the total items showed a high index of discrimination, i.e, of more than +.40, which all was significant discrimination (P<0.001) excluding two items. 2)Factor analysis, which was oriented toward combining factors proper to theory, showed that the M.S.S. consisted of 6 factors and its total variance was 50.18%. The 6 factors were marital satisfaction (factor 1), marital social psychological companionship (factor 2), obstacles to marriage (factor 3), dissatisfaction of marital relationship (factor 4), attitude of the reasonable marital relationship (factor 5), and cognition of married life (factor 6), 3) internal consistency reliability of the M.S.S. was 0.951 and the reliability of the total items after excluding two through item analysis 0.956 and 0.949 respectively, which showed a high internal consistency 4) The marital satisfaction examined by the M.S.S showed significant differences according to sex, education , income, the duration of marriage, the number of children but no significant differences according to age, and family type. From these results, it will be concluded that the M.S.S is a reliable and valid psychological scale for examining marital satisfaction of Korean couples. The limitations of this study were as follows. 1) It can not be generalized to all Korean couples because the subjects was sampled from Seoul or satellite cities. 2)The factor analysis in this study was oriented toward combining factors proper to theory. However, it was very difficult to find out the factors because the components of the M.S.S. was more or less abstract. Thus, from these results some suggestions follow for developing the marital satisfaction scale proper to Korean couples systematically and scientifically. 1) The subjects must be sampled form urban as well as rural areas 2)Factor analysis in this study is oriented toward finding out factors of the M.S.S. Thus, it is needed to analyze the factor validity or construct validity by multitrait - multimethod of the scale with more theoretical conceptualization. 3) It is necessary to examine whether marital satisfaction shows difference according to couples and psychological variables besides objective demographic variables. 4) More research is needed before the M.S.S. con be adapted into a turely useful marital satisfaction scale for Korea.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.204-219
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• 1998

The use of instructional media in nursing education was investigated using a descriptive research methodology. Data were collected from 199 professors teaching in the areas of Fundamental Nursing (48 subjects), Adult Nursing(56 subjects), Pediatric Nursing(49 subjects), and Community Health Nursing(46 subjects). 120 professors were from 3-year college of nursing and 79 professors were from 4-year college of nursing, Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation), and ANOVA with SPSS $PC^+$ program. The results are as follows. 1) The general attitude of the subjects toward the use of instructional media was positive(mean : 3.75). However, from the ANOVA result the subjects from 4-year college of nursing had more positive attitudes in the areas of media utilization and supply system. Most subjects had high interest in the areas of effectiveness of the media, and media literacy in using instructional media. 2) OHP(mean was 3.76) and VTR(mean was 3.36) were the most used instructional media in nursing education. These media were efficiently supplied by the school. However, other media like CD-ROM, Opaque Projector, and LCD or beam Projector were not sufficiently provided by the school. 3) The main reasons to use instructional media were that the use of media is effective to raise students' attention and learning motivation. 4) Insufficiency of the media and environment to use media were the causes of the lack of using instructional media. 5) The use of PC communication of internet, LCD or beam Projector, and Computer Graphics was low. The reasons were that the subjects did not have enough knowledge and skills to use these media, and there was lack of media or environment. 6) In general, environment to use media of the 3-year college of nursing was worse than that of 4-year college of nursing. However, there was no significant differences between the two groups in the use of media related to their position, and subject. On the basis of the study results professors teaching nursing have positive attitudes to use instructional media but the lack of media supply or facility to use media limited the use of instructional media.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.120-146
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• 2001

This study was carried out to provide the essential information in improving the graduate medical education in Korea. For the study, a survey targeting the directors of GME of nationwide teaching hospitals was performed with a questionnaire asking the questions such as the director's perception on the quality of GME, trainees' salary level, trainees' specialty selection tendency, training system and its duration. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and $x^2$-test. The results were as follows: 1. The survey were executed on 240 teaching hospitals in Korea and the response rate was 66.2% (159 hospitals replied). 2. The bigger a hospitals is the better in Quality of education. Larger hospitals tend to have better status in all items including medical specialists' experience, contents of medical curriculum, general environment for medical education and medical trainees's salary level. The result supported the general perception on the positive relationship between hospital size and Quality of GMA. 3. Providing convenience for medical trainees who prepares for the medical specialist Qualifying examination didn't affect the results of the examination. 4. The directions of GME have a perception that the trainees give positive impact on financial performance of their hospitals. This seems to be one of the reasons that hospitals try to retain as many trainees as possible. 5. The directors of GME considered medical trainees as an educate, and most of them responded positively on the need of governmental supports for the education cost and the trainee's salary. Considering above results, it seems that GME would get more social attention and the trainees' impact on hospitals operation would be increased more than before. In response to these trends, hospitals would find out the ways to lower dependency on trainees, and this change of attitude of hospitals on the GME would cause problems in operation of hospitals and GME itself. In order to prevent these problems the policy on GME should be directed in following ways. 1. The contents of Qualifying examination for specialist should be improved. 2. The curriculum of GME should be strictly followed. 3. The status of trainee in a hospital has to be defined as eductee. 4. Government has to support a half of the education cost and salary of trainee. 5. The distribution of the trainee among the hospital group have to be based on total available. 6. The financial support and welfare of trainee should be improved gradually and systematically.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to discover the present situation of fashion journalism, which is a collaborator and watchdog of the fast-growing fashion business industry, then to proffer fundamental data for the setting of desirable fashion journalism in the field of newspaper. Unlike magazine and internet news service which are focused on a specific group, daily newspaper has a far-reaching influence without regarding the age, gender and social status of the readers. Therefore, how newspaper deals with fashion and fashion phenomena has immense influence on the attitude and understanding of common people on fashion. Defining fashion journalism is an activity of gathering and mediating of various ideas and opinions on fashion, the beginning of fashion journalism of newspaper traces back to the late of 19th century. From then to the period of Japan's occupancy by force, newspaper used fashion articles to lead enlightenment of lifestyle. After Korean War, newspaper was one of the main path of in-flowing western culture and fashion trend till 1970s. During $1980s{\sim}1990s$, fashion articles in newspaper were separated from woman and family section and fashion journalism made their own way to a specialized field. In the beginning of 21st century, fashion journalism in the field of newspaper is armed with more various and profound contents then ever, but it is also true fashion journalism is not free from accusation of commercialization and agitation of preference on imported luxury goods. Today fashion articles of daily newspapers are not subordinated to the common idea, 'fashion is only for women'. Fashion articles deals with men as well as women. Information on new products is regarded more important than fashion trend. Articles are not restricted in the fashion section. It means fashion journalism is expanding its territory to business section, opinion section and so on. However, fashion news dealing with aged people or young children are very rare. It suggests target readers of fashion news are concentrated on the people who have a considerable buying power. An main article usually has more than 3 photos. That means not only photos in fashion news are established as essential visual information today but also commercialization of fashion news makes rapid progress in this field. Also the considerable dependancy on the information sources from manufacturing side can be a problem of sustaining accuracy and impartiality of news.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 MMS인 경우 고성능의 중급 IMU가 사용되고 보행자 항법시스템에서는 MEMS형의 저급 IMU가 사용된다고 가정한 후 GPS 신호가 단절되었을 경우 IMU에 의해 생성되는 위치 및 자세 오차를 시뮬레이션을 통하여 계산하였다. 또한 GPS 신호 단절 시에 고도계, 전자나침반 및 2가지 센서를 동시에 이용하는 MultiSensor를 이용하여 중급 및 저급 IMU를 보정하였을 경우의 정확도 향상 효과를 분석하였다. 실험 결과 중급 IMU의 경우 MMS에서 요구되는 3차원 위치오차 정확도가 5m라고 가정할 경우 GPS 단절 시간이 30초가 넘으면 요구 정확도를 만족하지 못하였다. 하지만 GPS 단절 구간에서 고도계 전자나침반 그리고 MultiSensor를 이용하여 IMU 보정을 수행할 경우 약 60초까지 요구정확도를 만족하였다. 또한 고도계 및 전자나침반을 동시에 사용할 경우 고도계에 의한 영향이 더욱 큰 것으로 판단된다 MEMS IMU와 같은 저급 IMU가 사용되는 보행자 항법 시스템의 요구 위치 정확도가 약 20m라고 가정할 경우 4초 이후에는 요구 정확도를 만족하지 못하였으며 자세 오차도 매우 급증하였다. 하지만 GPS 신호 단절시 보조센서를 이용하여 저급 IMU 보정을 수행하였을 경우 약 15초까지 요구 정확도를 만족할수 있을 것으로 시뮬레이션 결과 예측되었으며 또한 중급 IMU 실험과는 반대로 보행자 항법과 같은 속도가 느린 시스템에서 고도계 및 전자나침반 2가지 센서를 동시에 사용할 경우 전자나침반에 의한 영향이 더욱 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 GPS 신호 단절이 발생할 수 있는 지역에 대하여 MMS 또는 보행자 항법시스템을 운용할 경우 요구 정확도에 따른 보조센서 통합을 이용하여 정확도를 높이는 자료로써 사용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 감성과학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.289-298
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 상용화된 MP3-playing 의류와 생체신호 센싱 의류 제품에 따라 소비자들의 수용모델에 있어서 차이가 있는지를 분석하였다. 제품종류에 따른 구성변수의 차이를 분석하기 위하여 SPSS 15.0 package를 사용하여 t-test를 하였고, 구조방정식 모형에 있어서 제품종류에 따라 각 경로의 차이를 밝히기 위하여 AMOS 5.0을 이용한 다중집단 분석을 실시하였다. 총 557부의 온라인 설문에 대한 유효 표본을 분석한 결과, 소비자들은 지각된 사용용이성은 MP3-playing 의류를 높게 인식하였으나 지각된 유용성, 지각된 가치, 태도, 수용의도는 모두 생체신호 센싱 의류를 MP3-playing 의류에 비해 상대적으로 높게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 상용화된 제품의 판매가격에 대한 소비자들의 인식을 밝히고자 투입한 지각된 가치는 소비자들의 태도나 수용의도를 형성하는데 중요한 매개역할을 하는 것으로 입증되었다. 제품의 종류에 따른 특성상 소비자들의 수용모델에 있어서 경로의 차이도 발생했다. 생체신호 센싱 의류의 경우 MP3-playing 의류에서는 지지되었던 '지각된 유용성$\rightarrow$태도' 경로가 기각되었고 '지각된 가치$\rightarrow$태도'의 경로가 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며 MP3-playing 의류보다 지각된 가치의 매개 역할이 더 높게 분석되었다. 이와 같은 결과를 고찰해 볼 때, 스마트 의류는 이제 상용화 초기 단계에 있으므로 소비자들은 구매의사결정과정 중 필요의 인식이나 정보의 탐색단계에 있을 것이므로 이에 필요한 효과적인 상용화 전략의 수립이 필요하다고 할 수 있다.

• 감성과학
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.307-316
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 공공시설물의 통합적 디자인을 제안하는 데 있어 지역의 특성과 이미지 요소의 분석을 기초로 한 도시이미지 아이덴티티 도출과 적용 방안을 제시하는 것을 기본적인 목적으로 한다. 이에 특정지역으로서 포항시를 대상으로 하여 자연적 특성, 환경적 특성, 산업적 특성의 이해와 분석을 통하여 권역을 도심권, 해양권, 내륙권, 공단권으로 세분화하여 정의하였다. 또한 시민의 의식 조사와 지역의 문화적인 상징 이미지 조사 분석을 병행하였으며, 이를 통하여 포항시의 도시디자인 아이덴티티 전략을 수립하여 공공시설물 디자인 개발 과정에 적용하였다. '결'이라는 아이덴티티 모티브를 바탕으로 '철', '해양', '과학'의 이미지를 아이덴티티의 핵심이미지로 선정하여 디자인요소로서 적용하였다. 그리고 경관 색채 분석으로 세부 권역별로 4가지의 전용 색채를 선정하는 것이 가능하였다. 4개의 권역별로 나누어 설치가 필요한 공공시설물은 단위지역의 차별화된 이미지 확립을 비롯하여 도시 전체의 이미지 아이덴티티를 통합화할 수 있도록 "색채와 소재의 일관성 적용" 방안과 "형태의 일관성 및 부분적 색채의 다양성 적용"하는 방안으로 나누어 제시하였다.